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Biomedical subjects

H Iwase

Publications and source records attributed to H Iwase.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Successful emergency endometrial ablation for intractable uterine bleeding in a postmenopausal woman complicated with liver cirrhosis and morbid obesity.

Life-threatening intractable uterine bleeding is difficult to treat when concurrent medical complications contraindicate invasive surgery. We present a case of heavy uterine bleeding in a postmenopausal woman that was complicated by liver cirrhosis and morbid obesity. The bleeding was successfully halted through emergency endometrial ablation after failure of uterine artery embolization.

Electrocoagulation↗
PubMed2001

Development of rigor mortis is not affected by muscle volume.

There is a hypothesis suggesting that rigor mortis progresses more rapidly in small muscles than in large muscles. We measured rigor mortis as tension determined isometrically in rat musculus erector spinae that had been cut into muscle bundles of various volumes. The muscle volume did not influence either the progress or the resolution of rigor mortis, which contradicts the hypothesis. Differences in pre-rigor load on the muscles influenced the onset and resolution of rigor mortis in a few pairs of samples, but did not influence the time taken for rigor mortis to reach its full extent after death. Moreover, the progress of rigor mortis in this muscle was biphasic; this may reflect the early rigor of red muscle fibres and the late rigor of white muscle fibres.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Diagnosis of cyanide intoxication by measurement of cytochrome c oxidase activity.

Cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), a mitochondrial enzyme, is inactivated by cyanide or carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication. We measured CCO activity, in the major organs of the rat at various times after death caused by cyanide intoxication. Tissue samples were homogenized, and the CCO activity in the mitochondrial fraction was measured using ferrous cytochrome c as the substrate. The CCO activity inhibition was highest in the brain, although the cyanide concentration was lowest level. As a result of this and the clinical symptoms displayed, we consider the brain to be the primary organ of cyanide intoxication. As cyanide is highly toxic to humans, in small amounts and many patients and victims have already had some medical care, it is difficult to detect cyanide in criminal investigations. The CCO activities in various organs remained significantly low for 2 days after the cyanide intoxication, suggesting that the diagnosis may be possible by measuring not only the cyanide concentration but also the CCO activity.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Clinical value of the wild-type estrogen receptor beta expression in breast cancer.

To estimate the clinical value of estrogen receptor (ER) beta expression in breast cancer we used an immunohistochemical method to detect the wild-type ERbeta in 88 primary breast cancers. We used a highly specific polyclonal antibody to the carboxyl terminus of wild-type ERbeta. This antibody reacted with neither other variant forms of ERbeta nor any part of ERalpha. Slides were evaluated on a scale representing the estimated proportion and intensity of positive-staining tumor cells. Positive staining could be seen in 52 (59.1%) of 88 breast cancers; 36 (40.9%) were negative. Although there was no correlation between ERbeta staining and age, node status, tumor size, histological grade, or progesterone receptor (PgR)-enzyme immunoassay (EIA) status, we did observe a significant correlation with ERalpha-EIA (Fisher's exact probability test: P=0.0169). Moreover, ERbeta positive cases showed a better prognosis than negative cases in disease-free survival rate (Logrank test: P=0.0662, Breslow-Gehan-Wilcoxson test: P=0.0318). Our data demonstrated the possibility that wild-type ERbeta protein expression could be used as a good prognostic indicator for breast cancer.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed2001

Analysis of the microheterogeneity of the IgA1 hinge glycopeptide having multiple O-linked oligosaccharides by capillary electrophoresis.

It was found that the self-aggregation of IgA1 was closely connected with the glycoform of a mucin-type sugar chain on its hinge portion. In this report, normal human serum IgA1 was separated into two subfractions by a jacalin column. The elution condition, 25 mM galactose, used here was similar to that reported for the glycoprotein with a single mucin-type sugar chain per molecule. The IgA1 eluted under this condition was substantially the monomeric form. In contrast, the remaining IgA1 eluted from the column with 0. 8 M galactose was substantially the aggregated form. An analytical method for the microheterogeneity of the IgA1 hinge glycopeptide (HGP33) was developed to determine the difference between these IgA1 fractions by capillary electrophoresis (CE). Native HGP33 from both IgA1 fractions was separated into peaks 1-11, depending on their glycoforms. Because the sialic acid-rich component migrated slowly on CE, the 25 mM fraction was abundant in the sialic acid-rich components (peaks 7-11), but the 0.8 M fraction was abundant in the sialic acid-poor components (peaks 1-4). Comparison of the number of sugar chains per hinge peptide indicated that the 25 mM fraction was relatively well glycosylated. Thus, application of CE analysis to the HGP33 indicated that the monomeric IgA1 was composed of a relatively complete molecule with respect to the glycoform rather than the aggregated IgA1.

Chromatography, Affinity↗
PubMed2001

Clinical significance of E-cadherin expression in thyroid neoplasms.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: E-cadherin, a calcium-dependent transmembrane glycoprotein, is an adhesion molecule. We studied clinical significance of E-cadherin expression in thyroid neoplasms. METHODS: We immunohistochemically studied E-cadherin expression in 60 normal tissue specimens of thyroid tissues and in 82 follicular adenomas, 53 papillary carcinomas, 4 follicular carcinomas, 2 medullary carcinomas, and 5 anaplastic carcinomas of the thyroid. RESULTS: In papillary carcinoma, E-cadherin expression was preserved significantly less often than in follicular adenoma or normal thyroid tissue (P < 0.01). Preserved E-cadherin expression was seen less often among papillary carcinomas with lymph node metastasis than in those without metastasis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This loss of E-cadherin expression may be involved in regional lymph node metastasis and in malignant potential of thyroid neoplasms. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;76:176-180.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed2001

Immunohistochemical analysis on biological markers in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.

BACKGROUND: The increasing use of mammographic screening has led to an increased detection of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast. The detailed biological characteristics of DCIS and a new classification of DCIS based on these characteristics are needed. METHODS: Immunohistochemical studies were performed to assess the expression of c-erbB-2 (ErbB-2), estrogen receptor (ER), p53 and proliferative activity (Ki-67) in 65 patients with pure DCIS and 60 with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). We classified pure DCIS tumors using three classifications, the architectural, Nottingham, and Van Nuys classifications. RESULTS: ErbB-2, ER and p53 staining was positive in 34%, 66% and 21% of patients with DCIS, respectively, and 58%, 42% and 33% in patients with IDC, respectively. Ki-67 stained positively in 1.5% of patients with DCIS and 11.2% of patients with IDC. The comedo type showed a high rate of positive ErbB-2 and p53 staining. The cribriform and papillary types showed a high rate of positive ER staining. Under the Van Nuys classification, ErbB-2, p53 and Ki-67 expression were highest in the group with high nuclear grade and lowest in the group with non-high nuclear grade without necrosis. CONCLUSION: Although the biological markers of IDC tended to suggest aggressive behavior more so than those of DCIS, these differences were based on the histological sub-type, comedo or non-comedo. The Van Nuys classification best defined the subgroups of DCIS with a distinct expression pattern of biological markers, and the best candidates for breast-conserving surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Localization of gelatinolytic activity can be detected in breast cancer tissues by film in situ zymography.

BACKGROUND: Extracellular matrix-degrading proteinases secreted by malignant tumor cells have been thought to play an essential role in the processes of invasion and metastasis. However, existence and localization of gelatinase activity in breast cancer tissues have not been clarified. METHODS: We developed a novel film for highly reproducible detection and the localization of gelatinolytic activity. This film has a gelatin layer with a constant thickness 7 microm, and adequate crosslinking to control the speed of degradation by proteases. Cryosections of several breast cancer tissues were put on this gelatin film and incubated for 16 hrs at 37 degrees C. After staining with ponceau 3R dye, the digested area was evaluated under light microscopy. RESULTS: Digestion of gelatin was detected in more than 90%of breast cancer specimens, although it varied in degree and area for each case. In most cases, the gelatinolytic activity was located within cancer nests, and was not detected in stromal cells surrounding cancer cells. The gelatinolytic activity was inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the localization of net MMP activity was confirmed in breast cancer nest using film in situ zymography. Detailed analysis on the relationship between the strength or distribution of MMP activity and malignancy are anticipated in the future.

Azo Compounds↗
PubMed2001

A pharmacological study of the weekday-on/weekend-off oral UFT schedule in colorectal cancer patients.

PURPOSE: The new weekday-on/weekend-off schedule for oral UFT administration consists of its administration for 5 consecutive days followed by 2 days off the drug. The intratumor 5-FU (5-fluorouracil) concentration has been reported to be correlated to the tumor response in patients treated with intravenous 5-FU. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics during the 2 days off the drug in cancer patients treated with the weekday-on/weekend-off schedule for oral UFT. METHODS: The subjects were 24 colorectal cancer patients. They were divided into three groups, and were all given UFT, 600 mg/day, for 5 days before surgery. Surgery was performed 2, 24, or 48 h after the final dose of UFT. The 5-FU concentrations in the serum, tumor, and in the normal mucosa were measured. RESULTS: The serum 5-FU concentrations after the final dose of UFT were: 23 +/- 12 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) at 2 h, 7 +/- 3 ng/ml at 24 h, and 6 +/- 3 ng/ml at 48 h. The intratumor 5-FU concentrations were: 113 +/- 45 ng/g at 2 h, 54 +/- 20 ng/ml at 24 h, and 54 +/- 35 ng/ml at 48 h, and the concentrations in the normal mucosa were: 36 +/- 15 ng/g (mean +/- SD) at 2 h, 17 +/- 6 ng/ml at 24 h, and 18 +/- 6 ng/ml at 48 h after the final dose. While the serum 5-FU concentration decreased to very low levels by 24 h after the final dose of UFT, the intratumor 5-FU concentrations were maintained at more than 50 ng/g at least until 48 h after the final dose. The 5-FU concentrations in the normal mucosa were maintained at about one third of the intratumor concentrations at all time points. CONCLUSION: Although the weekday-on/weekend-off schedule for UFT administration included intermittent 2-day drug-off periods, this pharmacokinetic study revealed that the 5-FU concentrations in the tumor were maintained at much higher levels than in the serum throughout these periods.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2001

Expression of paraoxonase isoform did not confer protection from acute sarin poisoning in the Tokyo subway terrorist attack.

We previously reported the polymorphism of the high density lipoprotein-associated enzyme paraoxonase (PON1), in the 10 sarin poisoning victims in the Tokyo subway terrorist attack. Arg192 PON1, which has low sarin hydrolysing activity, was found to be more common in the Japanese population than in people of other races. However, from our analyses seven of the victims expressed the PON1 phenotype with high sarin hydrolysing activity and three with low sarin hydrolysing activity. These results indicate that the main factor contributing to the tragedy of the Tokyo subway terrorist attack was the high toxicity of sarin rather than the race-dependent genetic difference in the Arg192 PON1 polymorphism.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Metachronous primary hyperparathyroidism due to a parathyroid adenoma and a subsequent carcinoma: report of a case.

An extremely rare case of metachronous primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) due to a parathyroid adenoma and subsequent carcinoma with local lymphatic spread is presented herein. A 55-year-old woman was operated on for a parathyroid adenoma in the right inferior gland. Thirteen years after the first operation, she was again hospitalized for hypercalcemia and the presence of a hard mass in the right anterior neck region. Exploratory surgery and a histological examination of the resected tumor provided evidence of a parathyroid neoplasm in the right superior gland but the malignancy was equivocal. Postoperatively, her serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level remained at 1.5-fold the upper limit of the normal range, and hypercalcemia again gradually developed. The results of higher positive rates by Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining and an aneuploid pattern by a flow cytometric analysis of the second neoplasm were consistent with a histological diagnosis of carcinoma, and she therefore underwent further surgery. A radical neck dissection revealed two lymph node metastases which were both successfully removed. The postoperative serum PTH and calcium levels then returned to within the normal ranges. These findings indicate the usefulness of Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining and a flow cytometric analysis for differentiating malignant lesions from benign parathyroid lesions, and the importance of surgically treating cases limited to local regions without distant metastasis.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2001

Telomerase activity levels for evaluating the surgical margin in breast-conserving surgery.

To evaluate the efficiency of measuring telomerase activity levels in clinical diagnosis, we performed a semiquantitative analysis of telomerase activity in breast tumors and compared the results with the histological findings. Breast tissue adjacent to areas of cancer were also serially resected and checked for telomerase activity. The amount of telomerase activity in the breast cancers ranged widely, from 0.36 to 1180 units/microg, with 31 of the 34 (91.2%) showing a value above 1.0unit/microg. None of the normal breast tissues including mastopathy, and only 4 (23.5%) of 17 benign breast masses had values above 1.0unit/microg. Telomerase activity was detectable in serial sections of adjacent tissues as far as 10mm from the macroscopic tumor margin with histologically detectable cancer cells. Furthermore, telomerase activity was detectable in the scrape specimens obtained from the stump of the surgical margins for breast-conserving surgery, and this activity was in accordance with the histological findings. These findings show that conducting a semiquantitative assay of telomerase activity is useful for evaluating the surgical margin in breast-conserving surgery.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2001

Successful management of breast cancer with liver metastases with medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment.

A 38-year-old woman with cancer in the left breast underwent standard radical mastectomy. The estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status of the primary tumor was unknown. Ten years after the surgery, a metastatic liver tumor was detected, and chemoendocrine therapy, consisting of cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, 5-fluorouracil (CEF) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) was initiated. The metastatic liver tumor showed a partial response after 11 cycles of such chemoendocrine therapy. Subsequently, MPA alone was given daily as maintenance therapy, and the disease has remained stable for 6 years. For women with metastatic breast cancer, complete remission is uncommon, and stable disease is a reasonable goal of successful therapy. In this respect, chemoendocrine therapy with CEF and MPA, followed by MPA alone as maintenance therapy, was successful in the patient reported here. Importantly, the patient's quality of life has remained favorable for several years after the partial response was achieved.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Extending Fitts' law to a three-dimensional pointing task.

An attempt was made to extend Fitts' law to a three-dimensional movement (pointing) task to enhance its predictive performance in this domain. An experiment was conducted in which 10 subjects performed three-dimensional pointing movements under the manipulation of target size, distance to target and direction to target. As expected, the duration of these three-dimensional movements was rather variable and affected markedly by direction to target. As a result, the variance in the movement times produced was not satisfactorily explained by the conventional Fitts' model. The conventional model was extended by incorporating a directional parameter into the model. The extended model was shown to better fit the data than the conventional Fitts' model, both in terms of r(2) and the standard error of the residual between the measured movement time and the value predicted by model fit.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Mass spectrometry proves under-O-glycosylation of glomerular IgA1 in IgA nephropathy.

BACKGROUND: The IgA1 molecule, which is predominantly deposited in glomeruli in IgA nephropathy (IgAN), is a unique serum glycoprotein because it has O-glycan side chains in its hinge region. Our study was conducted to investigate the O-glycan structure in the glomerular IgA1 in IgAN. METHODS: The IgA1 was separated from 290 renal biopsy specimens of 278 IgAN patients and from four serum IgA1 samples (IgAN, 2; control, 2). The variety of O-glycan glycoform was determined by estimating the precise molecular weights of the IgA1 hinge glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The peak distribution of IgA1 hinge glycopeptides clearly shifted to lesser molecular weights in both glomerular and serum IgA1 in IgAN compared with the serum IgA1 of controls. In the five major peaks of IgA1 hinge glycopeptides in each sample, the numbers of carbohydrates composing O-glycans (GalNAc, Gal, and NANA) in the deposited and serum IgA1 in IgAN patients were significantly fewer than those in the serum IgA1 in the control groups. CONCLUSION: The O-glycan side chains in the hinge of the glomerular IgA1 were highly underglycosylated in IgAN. These results indicate that the decreased sialylation and galactosylation of the IgA1 hinge glycopeptides play a crucial role in its glomerular deposition in IgAN.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

A novel approach to endoscopic colorectal mucosal resection using a three-channel outer tube and multiple forceps: an experimental assessment.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Colorectal endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) has limitations both anatomically and technically when it is done using the conventional snare wire method. The aim of this study was to develop a new method and instrument for colorectal EMR. METHODS: A total of 21 EMR procedures were done using ten surgical specimens. Saline was injected into the normal submucosa of freshly resected colorectal specimens to prepare a pseudotumor. EMR was performed experimentally by employing a three-channel outer tube with three forceps and a colonoscope with a needle-type precutting knife. This method was assessed in terms of safety and the size of the resected specimens. RESULTS: Perforation occurred only twice in the initial stage of this study. The size of the specimens resected by EMR was 28-39 mm (long diameter 34.8+/-3.11), by 22-28 mm (short diameter 25.8+/-2.07). CONCLUSION: This method can achieve safety and en bloc mucosal resection to the submucosal layer. This novel approach may be promising for clinical application as a new form of endoscopic surgery.

Colonoscopes↗