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Biomedical subjects

H Itoh

Publications and source records attributed to H Itoh.

At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Pathological findings in dicephalus dipus dibrachius: implications for mechanisms in two pairs of lateral conjoined twins.

The anatomical and pathological features of two pairs of dicephalic conjoined twins (case 1 and 2) are described. Both twins showed duplicitas lateralis representing diprosopus dipus dibrachius. There were two complete heads on two necks, one thorax, one abdomen and externally normal two arms and two legs. Case 1 showed dicephalus with anencephaly, two vertebral columns and two spinal cords, which converged from the thoracic region distally. The esophagus, stomachs and partial small intestines were duplicated, which fused at yolk sac (with Meckel's diverticulum). The heart was incompletely fused. The lungs and trachea were doubled. Two spinal cords were fused from the thoracic region caudally and showed myelomeningocele and Arnold-Chiari malformation in case 2. Two larynxes and two thracheas connected with the incompletely fused three lobes of lungs. The conjoined lungs were hypoplastic. The heart was single, showing ventral septal defect, transposition of great arteries, two cuspid aortic valves and preductal aortic coarctation. The duplicated esophagi were conjoined in Y-shape and single stomach, duodenum, intestine and colon were found. There were pairs of kidneys, adrenal glands and ureters and single female genitalia in both cases. These findings indicate that the craniocaudal paleoaxes were separated in the cranial region and converted or fused under the thoracic region like a Y-shape. Further development defects and deformations might be important factors to form malformations in these case.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Treatment of staghorn calculi--ESWL monotherapy].

We investigated 41 cases (44 kidneys) of renal staghorn calculi treated in our hospital between November, 1988 and July, 1992. The efficacy of each treatment was 83.3% for extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) monotherapy (27 kidneys), 40% for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) with ESWL (5), 100% for dissolution with ESWL (6), 50% for pyelolithotomy with ESWL (2), 100% for nephrolithotomy with ESWL (1), and 100% for only dissolution (1). In the ESWL monotherapy group except for 3 cases that had complete staghorn calculi with severe caliectasis, the efficacy was between 70% and 100%, and the term of hospitalization was only about 1 month. The complications of ESWL monotherapy were stone street itself and high fever caused by it. However, renal function, could be successfully preserved by the timely drainage with D-J stent or nephrostomy tube. Thus, in most cases of staghorn calculi as well as other urolithiasis, ESWL monotherapy seemed to be more effective and safe than combined therapy of PNL and ESWL.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[A case complicated with a large perforation at the great curvature of the stomach after 6 days of omentopexy for tuberculous empyema].

A 72-year-old male with tuberculous empyema underwent omentopexy following thoracic window. However, acute abdomen developed 6 days after the latter surgery. During emergency laparotomy; a large perforation (8.5 x 3cm) was found at the great curvature of the stomach. Histology of the resected specimen showed this was ischemic ulcer, which was thought to have been caused by circulatory failure at the areas supplied by the right gastroepiploic arteries after pedicled omental flap. This case suggested that much attention should be paid not only to the blood circulation of the graft but also to that of the stomach.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy--immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies on the central and peripheral nervous systems in infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy.

We performed pathological studies on the central and peripheral nervous systems of cases with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD). Numerous spheroid bodies in the central and peripheral nervous systems, were seen and divided into large spheroid bodies (LSB) and small spheroid bodies (SSB) photo-microscopically. LSB had a relation to some specific neurons with weak expression of neuron specific enolase, neurofilament and chromogranin using PAP method. SSB showed a relation to the axon without immunohistochemical expression of neuron specific enolase, neurofilament, glial fibrillary acidic protein, myelin basic protein, chromogranin, S 100 protein or antitrypsin. LSB were prominent in the posterior column, gracile nucleus, cuneate nucleus, and the tegmentum of the midbrain and the pons associated with neuronal loss and gliosis. SSB were observed in the thalamus, basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex. The cerebellum was sclerotic with few microtubule-like structures disposed in a dense network in association with degenerated mitochondria. Similar changes were observed in the sural nerves, autonomic nerve endings in the skin, and the nerve plexus of the digestive tract. Although INAD is a generalized neurodegenerative disease, it is suggested that the primary disorder might occur in the neurons and axons of the sensory tracts.

Axons↗
PubMed1993

Diffuse lung disease: pathologic basis for the high-resolution computed tomography findings.

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) allows accurate assessment of the pattern and distribution of diffuse lung diseases. Optimal interpretation of the HRCT images requires understanding of some basic concepts of normal anatomy, as well as the pathologic basis for the HRCT findings in diffuse lung disease. This review summarizes our experience with over 400 radiologic-pathologic correlations in diffuse lung disease. These correlations include contact radiography with stereo views and stereomicroscopic images of lung specimens. We describe our technique to inflate and fix the lung specimens and illustrate normal and abnormal lung morphology.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

[Assessment of the background count to measure the left ventricular ejection fraction with a nuclear stethoscope].

The nuclear stethoscope is a newly developed device for monitoring left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) with a pair of cadmium telluride detector for both left ventricular count (first channel) and background count (second channel). Although it is useful for evaluating the cardiac function during exercise, the methodology of the calculation for distinguishing the net ventricular blood count from the background count has not been established yet. In order to establish a reasonable method to calculate EF, we measured EF using a nuclear stethoscope and conventional gated blood pool scintigraphy in 20 healthy volunteers. All subjects underwent two supine ergometer exercise tests consisting of the 3 stages for the nuclear stethoscope and blood pool scintigraphy. The EF was determined with the following three method for the nuclear stethoscope; 1) Cut-off level was fixed at 70% of first channel, 2) Cut-off level at 75%, 3) Cut-off level was determined by the background count obtained from second channel. There was a poor relationship between the EFs obtained from gated blood scintigraphy and the EFs from the nuclear stethoscope calculated by any of these method. Regarding the EF calculated using the background count, however, the delta values of EF between rest and any of the 3 stages during exercise correlated closely to those EF from blood scintigraphy. When we apply the EF-at-rest value obtained from blood pool scintigraphy to analysis with the nuclear stethoscope, the EFs of 3 stages indicated good correlation (Stage I r = 0.91, Stage II r = 0.82, Stage III r = 0.69).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Immunogenetic studies of spina bifida--sibling cases in three families].

We reported sibling cases of spina bifida in three families. In the first family, three boys were the products of one mother and different two fathers. They all suffered from spina bifida cystica with various degrees of hydrocephalus. Cyst closure and ventriculo-peritoneal shunt were performed. Elder boys had more severe neurological deficits. In the second family, two boys and one girl were affected. The elder boy had minimum neurological deficit but the younger boy had a severe neurological deficit and hydrocephalus. Cyst closure was performed on both of them but the shunting procedure was not. The girl was normal. In the third family, three girls were affected. The second girl suffered from spina bifida cystica with hydrocephalus and cyst closure was performed. After that ventriculo-peritoneal shunt was done. Other two girls were spina bifida occulta without any neurological deficit. HLA typing, red blood cell antigen typing and chromosome test were studied in three families. There was no evidence of linkage between spina bifida and HLA antigens. Also no relationship between spina bifida and red blood cell antigens. They all had normal chromosomes. We could not make as one material for genetic counseling from above studied three methods.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1993

Indications and results of vascularized pedicle iliac bone graft in avascular necrosis of the femoral head.

Several reports describe methods of treatment for avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) involving 0 to 2 mm of collapse. Some cases of ANFH have good prognoses, requiring only non-weight-bearing treatment. Other cases rapidly progress to collapse and complete destruction with enlargement of the necrotic area. The progression of the necrotic area is related to the activity of the original disease, steroid treatment, and the size and location of the necrotic area in the early stages of the disorder. In this report, a vascularized pedicle bone graft was used to treat ANFH, particularly those cases identified as Stage II on the system established by the Japanese Investigation Committee. Surgery involved curettage of necrotic bone, implantation of spongy bone, and application of a vascularized pedicle bone graft. Grafts were taken from the ilium and included the superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIA). A bony canal was made in the anterior femoral neck, from which the necrotic bone was curetted and to which the bone graft was applied. The deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) was also used in combination with the SCIA. The postoperative weight-bearing period was six months. Follow-up periods lasted one to six years. Seventeen of 23 Stage II joints (19 cases) achieved satisfactory results at a mean of three years after surgery. Three Stage II joints and three Stage III joints continue to have significant problems. One of these six has been converted to a dual-bearing type endoprosthesis. The unsuccessful results generally occurred in patients who were treated with steroids.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

High density lipoprotein cholesterol following anaerobic swimming in trained swimmers.

HDL-C, LDL-C, total cholesterol and glycerol were determined in venous blood of 10 male trained swimmers at rest and following 100-m anaerobic swimming. When compared to rest levels, the peak HDL-C and glycerol concentrations were significantly enhanced following anaerobic swim test (p < 0.01). However, peak LDL-C and total cholesterol after anaerobic swim were not significantly increased compared with the rest level. The present data demonstrated that the anaerobic swimming induces an increase in HDL-C metabolism, suggesting that the anaerobic exercise per se was one reason for the elevated HDL-C levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

A new graphic plot analysis for cerebral blood flow and partition coefficient with iodine-123-iodoamphetamine and dynamic SPECT validation studies using oxygen-15-water and PET.

To estimate regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and brain-blood partition coefficient (lambda) using a dynamic measurement, a new graphic plot analysis is proposed. By assuming a two-compartment model for tracer kinetics, we derived the linear relationship as Y(t) = K1 - k2 X(t), where Y(t) is the ratio of brain tissue activity-to-time-integrated arterial blood activity and X(t) is the ratio of time-integrated brain tissue activity-to-time-integrated arterial blood activity. A plot of Y(t) against X(t) yields a straight line and the y- and x-intercept of the regression line represent rCBF (K1) and lambda, respectively. The slope is a washout constant (-k2). This method was applied to 14 subjects with N-isopropyl-p-iodine-123 iodoamphetamine ([123I]IMP). The mean values of K1 and lambda for normal subjects were 41.3 +/- 6.7 ml/100 g/min and 29.6 +/- 6.5 ml/g, respectively, in the gray matter. A comparative study with positron emission tomography (PET) using an H2(15)O autoradiographic method revealed good correlation between IMP K1 and PET rCBF [r = 0.822; K1 = 0.842 rCBF + 0.030 (ml/g/min)]. The values of K1 using the graphical method were in excellent agreement with those using a nonlinear least-squares fitting technique (r = 0.992 for K1; r = 0.941 for lambda). The estimated K1 values in the graphical method were not changed when scanning times were varied. We conclude that a two-compartment model is acceptable for IMP kinetics within a scan time of 60 min. The graphical method gives a reliable and rapid estimation of rCBF when applied to dynamic data.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1993

[A technique for a rapid imaging of regional CBF and partition coefficient using dynamic SPECT and N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP)].

IMP is a flow tracer due to a large first pass extraction fraction and high affinity in the brain, but significant clearance from the brain causes change of distribution when the scan start time is delayed. The purpose of the present study is to develop a new method to rapidly calculate a quantitative CBF image by taking into account for the clearance effects. A dynamic SPECT scan was performed on 5 subjects (4 patients with cerebral infarction and 1 normal volunteer) following slow intravenous infusion of 123I-IMP. The arterial input function was obtained by frequent blood sampling and by measuring an octanol extraction ratio for each sample. Firstly, non-linear least square fitting (NLS) was performed to investigate the tracer kinetics of 123I-IMP. The 3 compartment model analysis yielded negligibly small k3 (retaining rate constant) (0.0056 +/- 0.0128 (ml/ml/min)), and consistent k1 (transport rate constant) with those determined by 2 compartment model (2CM) analysis (r = 0.96, p < 0.001). In addition, k1 was consistent with CBF measured by 15O water PET technique. These observations suggested validity of using 2CM for describing the IMP tracer kinetics. Secondly, a weighted integration (WI) technique has been implemented to calculate rapidly images of CBF and partition coefficient (Vd). The WI technique yielded values of CBF (k1) and Vd (k1/k2). They were confirmed to be consistent with those determined by NLS technique (CBF; r = 0.99, p < 0.001, Vd; r = 0.99, p < 0.001), and calculated k1 agreed well with PET CBF (r = 0.91, p < 0.001). We observed changed Vd in infarcted patients. This supports an importance for calculating of Vd image. Vd image will provide additional clinical information because 123I-IMP binding mechanism may be related to cell viability.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Characterization of serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in fetal and newborn calves during development.

Serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AG) in bovine fetuses and newborn calves was characterized. Serum alpha 1-AG concentration increased during fetal development and neonatal stages. Mean +/- SD serum alpha 1-AG concentration reached a peak of 1,368 +/- 207 micrograms/ml immediately after birth, but thereafter gradually decreased to 249 +/- 100 micrograms/ml, similar to the normal adult bovine range. By use of isoelectric focusing of thin-layer gels, we detected 7 microheterogeneity bands ranging from pI 3.2 to 3.8 in adult bovine serum. Twelve bands ranging from pI 2.6 to 3.8 were found in 9-month fetuses and in neonates. The 5 most-acidic bands, which are absent in adult serum, ranged between pI 2.6 and 3.1 and decreased with maturation as band patterns assumed adult characteristics. By crossed affinity electrophoresis, alpha 1-AG of adult bovine serum was separated into 4 peaks according to its differential affinity to concanavalin A (conA). Seventy-five percent of the alpha 1-AG concentration was represented by peak 3 (P-3) and peak 4 (P-4), which had moderate or strong binding to conA. In contrast, fetal sera contained only peak 1 (P-1), which did not have conA-binding affinity. In neonatal sera, 4 peaks were recognized, of which P-1 comprised 70% of the total alpha 1-AG. Thereafter, with aging, percentage of P-3 and P-4 increased as band composition approached the normally expected adult pattern.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

The influence of age and health status on the serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein level of conventional and specific pathogen-free pigs.

Serum alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1AG) was measured in 212 Landrace White pigs between birth and finishing age. The alpha 1AG level of healthy pigs five to ten months of age was 338 +/- 79 micrograms/mL, and the upper normal limit in mature swine has been established as 500 micrograms/mL. In both specific pathogen-free (SPF) and conventional pigs, the alpha 1AG level within one day of birth was 14,263 +/- 2,393 micrograms/mL, 40 times the normal adult value, but rapidly decreased to 699 +/- 186 micrograms/mL by four weeks of age. In conventional pigs, alpha 1AG began to increase after four weeks, averaged 1,428 micrograms/mL by eight weeks, but gradually decreased to adult levels by 20 weeks of age. In comparison, alpha 1AG of SPF pigs was only 800 micrograms/mL at eight weeks and decreased more rapidly to normal by 16 weeks of age. The conventional pigs had a high incidence of clinical pneumonia and specific antibodies to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae at the age of eight weeks. As the clinical pneumonia disappeared, serum alpha 1AG level also gradually declined. In contrast, SPF pigs had little clinical illness, low alpha 1AG, and little serological evidence of microbial infection. Conventional pigs with nonrespiratory infections, encephalitis, or with hernias had increased alpha 1AG. While the very high alpha 1AG level of the neonatal pig may be due to genetic influences, increases later in life are likely in response to stimuli from its external environment. Monitoring of serum alpha 1AG in several herds aided in the recognition of disease processes and may have potential use in swine herd health management.

Actinobacillus Infections↗
PubMed1993

Altered localization of 73-kilodalton heat-shock protein in rat kidneys with gentamicin-induced acute tubular injury.

BACKGROUND: The constitutive 73-kilodalton heat-shock protein (HSP73) has been shown to have various essential functions in cells under both normal and stress conditions. In the present study, we observed serial localizations of HSP73 in rat kidneys with gentamicin-induced acute tubular injury. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Sprague-Dawley rats received gentamicin (80 mg/kg/day) for 14 days, and developed acute proximal tubular injury. The intrarenal immunohistochemical distribution of HSP73 was examined by using a specific antibody against HSP73. In addition, HSP73 content in both isotonic buffer- and detergent-extractable renal fractions were measured by immunoblot analysis. RESULTS: After the gentamicin exposure, HSP73 moved from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and accumulated in granules that were considered to be expressed within enlarged lysosomes in the injured proximal tubular epithelial cells. These granules started to appear from 36 hours after the first gentamicin exposure, enlarged in size until day 12, and gradually diminished after day 18. At day 27, the HSP73 localization pattern returned to that in the normal kidney. Moreover, significantly increased HSP73 protein bands were detected by immunoblot of detergent-extractable fractions from gentamicin-treated rat kidneys at from 36 hours to day 15 after the gentamicin exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that HSP73 is rapidly induced as an insoluble form in injured lysosomes of the proximal tubular epithelial cells during gentamicin-induced acute tubular injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Plasma brain natriuretic peptide level in pregnant women with pregnancy-induced hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the involvement of brain natriuretic peptide in the circulation of pregnant women with pregnancy-induced hypertension. METHODS: We determined the plasma levels of brain and atrial natriuretic peptides in a cross-sectional study of 36 normal pregnant women and 17 women with pregnancy-induced hypertension. RESULTS: During normal pregnancy, the plasma brain natriuretic peptide level was similar to that in nonpregnant women, but the plasma atrial natriuretic peptide level in the second trimester was significantly higher than that in nonpregnant women (P < .05). In women with severe pregnancy-induced hypertension, the plasma brain natriuretic peptide level was eight times higher than that in normal pregnant women in the third trimester; the plasma atrial natriuretic peptide level in the same patients was three times higher than that in normal pregnancy. The plasma brain natriuretic peptide level showed a positive correlation with the mean blood pressure (r = 0.62, P < .001). CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest that brain natriuretic peptide is increased in the plasma of women with pregnancy-induced hypertension and that brain natriuretic peptide, in concert with atrial natriuretic peptide, participates in maintaining homeostasis of the maternal circulation.

Adult↗