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Biomedical subjects

H Itoh

Publications and source records attributed to H Itoh.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Correlation between the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, E-cadherin and malignancy in gastric cancer].

We aim to elucidate the correlation between clinicopathological parameters and uPA and ECD expression in gastric cancer. Some 125 patients with primary gastric cancer, who were treated at the Second Department of Surgery, Kanazawa University, between 1988 and 1993, were enrolled in this study. The expression of uPA and ECD was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining using a anti-uPA and an anti-ECD monoclonal antibody. The nuclear DNA contents were measured by flow cytometry. Among 125 tumors, 42 (34%) were found to have preserved ECD expression (ECD (+)), and 83 (66%) reduced ECD expression (ECD (-)). uPA immunoreactivity was observed in 82 (65%) of 125 tumors. According to the expression of uPA and ECD status, groups of 22 uPA (-)/ECD (+), 21 uPA (+)/ECD (+), 17 uPA (-)/ECD (-) and 65 uPA (+)/ECD (-) were identified. There was a significant correlation between uPA (+)/ECD (-) status and depth of invasion, liver metastasis, peritoneal dissemination, lymph node metastasis, and venous invasion. Patients with uPA (+)/ECD (-) tumors showed the poorest prognosis and the highest rate of recurrence, as compared with the other groups of patients. No significant correlations were found between uPA (+)/ECD (-) status and DNA ploidy patterns, and histological type. Immunohistochemical analysis of the combination of uPA and ECD expression could be a useful method for the evaluation of metastasis and prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Our results indicate that uPA may have an important role in cancer infiltration and ECD in cancer infiltration and metastasis.

Cadherins↗
PubMed1995

[Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma treated with tumor enucleation: a case report].

We report a 65-year-old man with a multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma which was found incidentally. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a 3.0 cm x 3.0 cm multilocular cystic mass at the upper pole of the left kidney. Dynamic MRI demonstrated that the septic wall of the multilocular cystic mass was enhanced. Renal angiography showed a hypovascular tumor. We diagnosed that the tumor was multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma with a tumor capsule and performed tumor enucleation. The histopathological examination showed that the cystic and septic wall consisted of renal cell carcinoma, clear cell subtype, grade 1. From the review of the literature, the prognosis of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma was good, so we selected nephron sparing surgery for this case.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Hyperplasia and adenoma of the ectopic parathyroid gland].

The frequency of the ectopic parathyroid glands has been reported to be 7-46% by anatomists or surgeons, while the proper frequency is still unknown. Recently the diagnostic methods of hyperparathyroidism have been developed, and many surgeons select total parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathyroidism. Therefore the frequency of the ectopic glands has been supposed to be higher than that recognized previously. We investigated 97 patients with renal hyperparathyroidism, and detected 60 ectopic glands in 34 patients (35.1%). The ectopic glands existed in the mediastinum, intrathyroid, carotid sheath, post-pharynx, para-esophagus, and other regions. We describe the features of procedures for detecting ectopic glands. Using non-invasive examination, including ultrasonography, scintigraphy (T1 201-Tc 99 m), and MRI, will be a great assistance in the diagnostic procedures.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1995

[Low-dose cytarabine ocfosfate therapy in an elderly acute myelogenous leukemia].

A 71-year-old man was admitted for severe anemia. Bone marrow puncture revealed 48% of blast cells. A diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML-M 4) was made. As the patient was old, we administered 300mg of cytarabine ocfosfate (SPAC) for 21 days. Blast cells in bone marrow decreased 5.6%, and SPAC was considered effective. We treated him with the same dose of SPAC for 14 days after a 21-day interval from the end of the first treatment. Although leukemic cells were still seen in bone marrow after two treatments, we considered him in partial remission, and he was discharged. After discharge, the hematological findings remain almost normal with intermittent treatment of 150 mg of SPAC for over one year. Thus, cytarabine ocfosfate might be useful in elderly AML patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Induction and intracellular localization of 90-kilodalton heat-shock protein in rat kidneys with acute gentamicin nephropathy.

BACKGROUND: We previously reported the induction of 73-kilodalton heat-shock protein (HSP73) in injured tubular epithelial cells in rat kidneys with gentamicin-induced acute renal failure. In the present study, we examined serial expression of 90-kilodalton heat-shock protein (HSP90), another major HSP, in this animal model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Sprague-Dawley rats received gentamicin (80 mg/kg/day) for 14 days and developed acute proximal tubular injury. Serial immunohistochemical localization of HSP90 was observed at both light microscopic and electron microscopic levels, using a specific antibody against HSP90. In addition, serial renal extracts were analyzed by immunoblot. RESULTS: On light microscopy, HSP90 was induced in injured proximal tubular epithelial cells and accumulated in fine granules 36 hours after the gentamicin exposure. The size and number of these granules gradually increased to Day 12 and decreased from Day 18, and the granules disappeared on Day 27. Electron microscopy showed the accumulation of HSP90 in the swollen lysosomes and the nucleoli of the injured proximal tubular epithelial cells. On serial immunoblot analysis of renal extracts, increased amounts of HSP90 were found in association with the induction of HSP90 in injured cells. Furthermore, on immunoblot of nuclear fractions from kidneys at Days 0 and 6, HSP90 was detected in the fraction at Day 6. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that HSP90 is induced in the lysosomes and the nucleoli of damaged cells during the course of gentamicin-induced acute tubular injury. HSP90 may have roles in the disposition of degenerated proteins and in the new protein synthesis for the protection and repair of target cells from gentamicin nephrotoxicity.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1995

Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-II in experimental liver fibrosis in rats.

Matrix metalloproteinase-II (MMP-II, 72-kd type IV collagenase, or gelatinase) is one of the gene families of zinc enzymes capable of degrading extracellular matrix molecules, and specifically of degrading type IV and V collagens, gelatin, fibronectin, and elastin. In this study, we used both the liver fibrosis model and the reversibility model of experimental cirrhosis to clarify how MMP-II participates in liver fibrosis of rats. To produce fibrosis model, rats received subcutaneous injections of CCl4 twice weekly for 7, 9, or 14 weeks. For the reversibility model, rats were treated with CCl4 three times a week for 8 weeks and killed at 3, 7, 14, 28, or 42 days after discontinuation of treatment. MMP-II gene expression was studied by Northern hybridization technique, and gelatinase activity of MMP-II was examined by zymography using gelatin substrate. At the same time, an immunohistochemical study using anti-type IV collagen antibody was carried out. In liver fibrosis model, nodule formation was established at 14 weeks. Immunodeposit of type IV collagen was increased in wide fibrous septa and was clearly observed along sinusoidal wall. Gene expression of MMP-II increased up to 7 to 12 times compared with that of controls, with the expression rate being maximum at an intermediate stage of fibrosis. Zymography showed the expressions of both 65-kd latent MMP-II, which is confirmed to be activated by adding p-aminophenylmercuric acetate, and 62-kd active MMP-II during fibrosis. The expression of both forms increased 13 to 28 times as the fibrosis progressed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Eye scanning behavior as a discriminator of instrument- and scenery-centered flight task.

Aircraft pilot's eye scanning behavior represented by saccadic amplitudes and dwelling time of eye movements is a promising indicator of discrimination whether some flight task is instrument- or scenery-centered. The saccadic amplitude seems to reflect spatial and temporal values of target information. The dwelling time or gaze duration reflects the changing rate of visual information, amounts extracted from and density and complexity of the target information, or experience level of a relevant pilot. This study is for confirming the validity of the above indicator to discriminate the two types of flight tasks, instrument- and scenery-centered tasks. Five jet aircraft pilots, aged 25 to 32, participated in this experiment. A flight simulator equipped with a computer generated visual scene (field of view: 116 degree (H) x 25 degree (V)) was used. Five kinds of flight tasks were selected. These were takeoff, level flight, low-airspeed flight, acrobatic flight (minimum timed turn), and landing. These tasks were selected with the difference in degree of instrument- or scenery-centered flight, by the pilots' comments. Eye movements during simulator flight were recorded by a conventional electrooculographic apparatus with an 12-channel polygraph system. Analogue data from the amplifiers was digitized at a sampling rate of 2 kHz, and stored in a computer system. Horizontal components of eye movements by flight task were analyzed. Mean saccadic amplitudes (microV) showed significant differences among flight tasks, and no significance between subjects was obtained. The largest mean amplitude was in the acrobatic flight, and the smallest was in the low-airspeed flight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Autoantibodies against 70-kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70) in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients.

We report that autoantibodies against the 70-kDa heat shock protein family (HSP70) were detected in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients. Antibodies to HSP70 family proteins were detected in three out of 14 recipients of an allogeneic marrow graft but in none of the seven patients receiving autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant (PBSCT). Immunoblotting analysis combined with two-dimensional SDS-PAGE revealed that these patients had antibodies to a constitutive 73-kDa/pI 5.5 heat shock protein (HSP73) and to a stress-inducible 72-kDa/pI 5.6 protein (HSP72). This is the first report, to our knowledge, describing the presence of autoantibody against HSP73 in allogeneic marrow transplant recipients. Our results may provide additional insight into the etiology and the pathophysiology of allogeneic transplant-related disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Radiotherapy for carcinoma of the esophagus in aged patients].

One hundred fifty-four patients with esophageal carcinoma were treated with either irradiation alone or irradiation combined with surgery at the University of Occupational and Environmental Health Hospital between January 1980 and February 1992. The number of patients 75 years old and older was 25. In patients 74 years old and younger, the overall five-year survival rate by Kaplan-Meier method was 24.5%. The survival rate was best in the patients who were treated by a combination of irradiation and surgery. In patients 75 years old and older, the one-year survival rate was 59%, and the three-year rate was 20%. Aged patients had a tendency to be worse in performance status, and there was no correlation between treatment modality and survival time. We conclude that radiotherapy is useful for treating esophageal cancer in aged patients particularly when maintenance of the quality of life is considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Effects of weight training on muscle strength and exercise capacity in patients after myocardial infarction].

The effect of combined aerobic and weight training on indexes of muscle strength and exercise capacity was investigated in 59 patients after myocardial infarction. Subjects were randomly assigned into three groups: group I performing combined aerobic and weight training (n = 22), group II performing ordinary aerobic training alone (n = 19) and group III not performing physical training (n = 18). Before and after the training, isokinetic knee extension strength was measured and cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed. Physical training was prescribed for 8 weeks. Weight training of knee extensors was performed at 60% of 1 repetition maximum and aerobic training was prescribed at the heart rate of anaerobic threshold (AT) level. After 8 weeks, the increase of isokinetic knee extension strength was significantly greater in group I (26 +/- 14%) than group II (6 +/- 8%) and III (4 +/- 8%). Increases in peak VO2, exercise time, AT and peak O2 pulse were greater in groups I and II than group III. Furthermore, increase of exercise time was greater in group I (25 +/- 14%) than group II (16 +/- 9%). The rating of perceived exertion in submaximal exercise decreased significantly only for group I. In patients with myocardial infarction, combined aerobic and weight training is a more effective method for increasing muscle strength and exercise capacity than only ordinary aerobic training.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Cis elements for transcriptional regulation of the human endothelin-A receptor gene.

To elucidate the transcriptional regulation of the endothelin-A receptor (ET-AR) gene, we defined the cis elements in the 5'-flanking region by functional analysis. Chimeric gene constructs were prepared using serial deletion mutants of a 5-kilobase (kb) fragment of the human ET-AR 5'-flanking region and the luciferase gene and were transfected into a rat vascular smooth-muscle cell line, A7r5. Deletion of the region between -2.0 kb and -857 bases caused a twofold increase in luciferase activity, and deletion from -137 bases to -53 bases reduced the activity by 50%. These results indicate the existence of a negative regulatory element and a positive regulatory element, respectively. The gel shift assay revealed the existence of nuclear proteins in A7r5 cells that bind to the region containing the positive regulatory element. Thus, we identified cis regulatory elements and nuclear factors that regulate the expression of the ET-AR gene.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Multiple transcripts of human endothelin-A receptor gene detected by reverse transcription and the polymerase chain reaction.

To elucidate the regulatory mechanism of gene expression of the human endothelin-A receptor (hET-AR), we characterized the hET-AR transcripts using reverse transcription (RT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis in a variety of human tissues. The RT-PCR using a set of primers in exons 2 and 5 showed two lower-molecular-weight transcripts in addition to the expected fragment. PCR cloning of these two novel transcripts revealed that these transcripts contain a 199-base pair (bp) and a 327-bp deletion compared with the previously described hET-AR cDNA, respectively. Comparison of their sequences with that of the hET-AR gene showed that the lacking sequences exactly correspond to exon 4 and exons 3 and 4, respectively, suggesting that these lower-molecular-weight ET-AR transcripts may result from alternative RNA splicing. Therefore, we isolated the cDNAs of novel transcripts of hET-AR that might be generated by alternative RNA splicing. These results suggest that the alternative RNA splicing might contribute to the regulation of ET-AR gene expression.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

[A case of rheumatoid arthritis associated with pernicious anemia and bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia].

A case of rheumateid arthritis (RA) with pernicious anemia (PA) and wandering multiple patchy densities in bilateral lung fields is reported. A 72-year-old woman was hospitalized in February 1994, because of cough. She had already advanced RA (Class IV, Stage IV). She showed macrocytic and hyperchromic anemia as follows ; red-cell count (RBC), 176 x 10(4)/microliters; hemoglobin (Hb),7.2 g/dl; hematocrit (Ht), 21.0% ; MCV, 119.3 fl; and MCH, 40.9 pg. Chest roentgenogram revealed multiple patchy densities in bilateral lung fields and there was no response to the administration of antibiotic agents. From these clinical pictures bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) was highly suspected. After steroid injection into the joint space, the abnormal lung shadows disappeared. Anemia had been recovering spontaneously, but recurred in July. The results of blood examination were as follows ; RBC, 162 x 10(4)/microliters; Hb, 6.7ng/dl; Ht, 19.1%; MCV, 117.9 fl; and MCH, 41.4 pg. Anti-intrinsic factor antibody was positive. The level of serum vitamin B12 was low, 76 pg/ml. Sternal bone marrow aspiration showed magaloblastic changes with hypersegmentation of granulocytes. PA was diagnosed and improvement was noted after the intramuscular administration of vitamin B12. Subjective symptoms based on RA did not change during the clinical course. It is suggested that the pathogenesis about the combination of RA, BOOP and PA is related to common immunological abnormalities in our patient. A case of RA with PA and BOOP has not been reported previously, thus this case is considered clinically valuable.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Influence of cardiopulmonary bypass on biological response].

To investigate the influence of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on biological response, we measured the serum level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and granulocyte elastase (GEL) in 24 patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery and 32 patients who underwent elective gastroenterological surgery. All patients were alive. The serum level of GEL in cardiac patients was significantly higher than that in gastroenterological patients on the 1st and the 3rd postoperative day (P = 0.00008, P = 0.00097 respectively). In addition. there was a significant relationship between CPB time and the serum level of GEL immediately after CPB (r = 0.53, P = 0. 007). That is a reason why higher level of serum GEL in cardiac surgery is due to the bacterial translocation. TNF-alpha and IL-1beta were detected in only :3 patients who underwent over 250 minutes CPB. It is most important to shorten the CPB time in order to decrease the serum GEL and lessen the biological response surgery.

Cardiopulmonary Bypass↗
PubMed1995

[Pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma--clinical analysis of 17 patients].

We studied the clinical features of 17 Japanese patients with pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma. Fourteen of the patients were men and three were women; they ranged in age from 19 to 64 years, with a mean of 34 years at the time of the first examination. Pathologic diagnosis in all patients was based on histologic findings of specimens obtained by open lung biopsy. Major symptoms were dry or productive cough, chest pain, dyspnea, and fever; 23.3% of the patients were asymptomatic. Five patients had pneumothorax. Most patients did not have abnormal physical signs. All 17 patients had histories of smoking, and 14 had started to smoke cigaretts before the age of 20 years. Ten patients (58.8%) first presented with cough or dyspnea, and in the other patients (41.2%) the first abnormalities detected were pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiographs during health examinations. Chest roentgenograms usually showed bilateral abnormalities. These abnormalities were distributed over all lung fields in 9 cases (52.9%), in the upper and middle lung fields in 4 cases (23.5%) in the upper lung fields in 3 cases (17.7%), and in the middle lung fields in 1 case (5.9%). Micronodular, reticular, cystic or linear shadows were evident in most cases, and were mixed in various proportions. Eleven patients (65%) had abnormalities of pulmonary function. Low %VC and %FEV1 and high RV/TLC ratios were observed in 20-40% of the patients. Low DLCOs (%DLCO < 70%) were observed in 53% of the patients. Arterial blood gases were normal in 11 of 15 patients. The extent of shadows in the chest roentgenogram was related to the frequency of dyspnea, to the total number of cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and to the abnormally low %FVC and %FEV1, but not to the %DLCO. Data from bronchoalveolor lavage fluid were non-specific in this disease, but further studies will be needed. Follow-up data were collected on 16 patients. The mean time from the histologic diagnosis after open lung biopsy to the last observation was 81.8 +/- 45.1 months (range, 2 months to 15 years). One patient died of pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma. The usefulness of steroid therapy remains uncertain.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Histogenesis of central neurocytoma: an immunohistochemical and electronmicroscopic study of four cases].

Four intraventricular central neurocytomas were studied histopathologically and intriguing findings were obtained with regard to the histogenesis of this tumor. The cases included 3 males and 1 female aged 17-25. The tumors had developed in the regions from the lateral to the third ventricles and were surgically removed in all the cases. A honeycomb appearance was recognized on H&E staining, and the calcification and latticed vascular findings closely mimicked the appearance of oligodendroglioma. A characteristic wide eosinophilic fibrous stroma was observed frequently. Immunohistochemically, all four cases were NSE-positive and strongly synaptophysin-positive, and by electronmicroscopy, neurosecretory granules and microtubules were observed in all cases and typical synapse structures in 2 cases. GFAP immunoreactivity and glial differentiation, including ependymal cells were exhibited electronmicroscopically, such as glial fibrils, basal bodies, centrioles and 9 + 1 patterned cilia-like structures in 2 cases. These findings suggest that central neurocytoma is an embryonal tumor in the wide sense, originating from the germinal matrix cell of the lateral ventricles and possessing multipotency, with potent differentiation from mature neurons.

Adolescent↗