Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Isobe

Publications and source records attributed to H Isobe.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Determination of urinary CA19-9 levels in urothelial cancer--assessment of its role in diagnosis].

BACKGROUND: Although Carbohydrate antigen19-9 (CA19-9) is known to be high of its positive rate in blood in pancreatic cancer, etc., recently there have been scattered of cases of urothelial carcinoma in which elevated CA19-9 levels have been detected in both serum and urine. In this study we determined both urine and serum levels of CA19-9 in order to evaluate their diagnostic role of urinary CA19-9. MATERIALS: A total 82 patients, i.e., 32 with bladder cancer, 4 with renal pelvic/ureteral cancer, 5 with renal cancer, 13 with prostatic cancer, 5 with other malignancies, 10 with prostatic hyperplasia, 6 with urolithiasis, 7 with other benign diseases, served as the subjects of this study. METHODS: CA19-9 was determined by EIA method in first-morning urine and serum using a CA19-9 measurement kit (Centocor). Urinary values corrected for the creatinine level in the same sample have been used and are shown as U/mg creatinine (Cr). Urinary CA19-9 and urinary cytology were evaluated in some cases. An immunohistochemical study of CA19-9 for surgical specimens was conducted by the ABC method, using a Histo 19-9 kit (COMPAGNIE ORIS INDUSTRIES S.A.). RESULTS: The cut-off value for serum levels was 37 U/ml, and urine levels were determined in U/mg Cr with a cut-off value of 100 U/mg Cr. The urinary CA19-9 levels was significantly higher (390.9 +/- 934.1 U/mg Cr) in urothelial cancer than in the control group (91.48 +/- 20.0 U/ mg Cr). In urothelial cancer, grade 1 and grade 2 cases were more sensitive than grade 3 cases and they also tended to be high level, although only 27.8% of urothelial cancer patients showed an elevation of serum CA19-9. CA19-9 was detected in all urothelial cancers which could be studied immunohistochemically. In 8 out of 16 superficial cancers CA19-9 was detected in more than 90% of cancer cells, though there were few CA19-9 positive cells in infiltrating cancers. Urinary CA19-9 was more sensitive than urinary cytology, especially in low grade cancers. CONCLUSION: The determination of urinary CA19-9 may be a useful tumor marker of urothelial cancer, and especially in low grade cancer it may be useful in diagnosing of them because its urinary level is high and it is more sensitive than urinary cytology.

CA-19-9 Antigen↗
PubMed1997

[A mesenchymal malignant mesothelioma that changed from mixed type to purely sarcomatous type].

A 65-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of an abnormal shadow on a chest roentgenogram. A diagnosis of mixed-type malignant mesothelioma was made after transcutaneous needle biopsy and thoracoscopic biopsy. The tumor was considered to be inoperable because it had diffusely invaded surrounding tissue, and therefore the patient was treated with chemotherapy only. About one year later, he died of acute pneumonia. At autopsy, a mesenchymal malignant mesothelioma that did not have an epithelial component was found. We know of no previous report of a case in which a tumor with a biopsy-proven epithelial component apparently changed to a purely sarcomatous type. No satisfactory explanation for this phenomenon has been offered.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

The effects of pravastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, on cell viability and DNA production of rat hepatocytes.

Some metabolites and products of mevalonic acid are involved in various cellular functions, particularly cell growth. In this study, we assessed the effects of pravastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, on cell viability and DNA production of rat hepatocytes stimulated with epidermal growth factor. Pravastatin (0.1 to 10 microM) induced a dose-dependent reduction of DNA synthesis, assessed by 3H-thymidine incorporation in rat hepatocytes, which dropped by approximately 60% at a drug concentration of 10 microM. This suppression of DNA synthesis was nearly reversed by exogenous mevalonic acid, but was not prevented by purified low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Pravastatin did not affect the mitochondrial reduction of Dimethylthiazolyl-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), but induced apoptotic change as assessed by nuclear chromatin staining. This apoptotic change was also reversed by exogenous mevalonic acid. These results indicate that mevalonic acid metabolites are necessary for DNA synthesis by rat hepatocytes stimulated by epidermal growth factor and for suppressing cell death.

Adenine↗
PubMed1996

Interleukin-4 causes delayed virus clearance in influenza virus-infected mice.

Two different subsets of T cells, Th1 and Th2 cells, have been demonstrated to secrete different profiles of cytokines and to influence various infections in different ways. Whereas cytokines secreted by Th1 cells, particularly gamma interferon, promote the generation of cell-mediated immunity, Th2 cells and their cytokines (interleukin-4 [IL-4], IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13) have been shown to function in recovery from parasitic infections and in antibody responses. In this study, we analyzed the effects of the dominant Th2 cytokine, IL-4, on immunity to virus infection. We assessed the effects of IL-4 on both secondary immune responses by an adoptive transfer assay and primary immune responses by in vivo treatment of influenza virus-infected mice with IL-4. The results demonstrated that IL-4 can function to inhibit antiviral immunity at both stages. We found that IL-4 treatment of sensitized cells during secondary stimulation in vitro had little effect on their ability to lyse virus-infected target cells in a 51Cr release assay. Nevertheless, the clearance of influenza A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus from the lungs of infected BALB/c mice was significantly delayed after the transfer of virus-specific T cells secondarily stimulated in the presence of IL-4 in comparison to virus clearance in recipients of cells stimulated in the absence of IL-4. In contrast to the adoptive transfer results, the treatment of PR8 virus-infected mice with IL-4 during primary infection greatly suppressed the generation of cytotoxic T-cell precursors, as assessed by secondary stimulation in vitro. In addition, culture supernatants of secondarily stimulated spleen cells from IL-4-treated mice contained significantly less gamma interferon and more IL-4 than did spleen cells from controls. More importantly, the treatment of mice with IL-4 resulted in an extremely significant delay in virus clearance. Thus, IL-4 can inhibit both primary and secondary antiviral immune responses.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Cellular mechanisms involved in protection and recovery from influenza virus infection in immunodeficient mice.

We investigated the role of different lymphocyte subpopulations in the host defense reaction against influenza virus infection, taking advantage of various immunodeficient mouse strains. Whereas, following immunization, wild-type animals showed complete protection against challenge with a lethal dose of A/PR8/34 (PR8) virus, mice that lack both B and T cells but not NK cells (namely, scid and RAG2(-/-) mice) did not display any protective effect in similar conditions. By contrast, J(H)D(-/-) mice devoid of B cells and immunized with virus showed a protective response after challenge with a lethal dose. The immunized J(H)D(-/-) mice that survived completely recovered from the influenza virus infection. Immunized J(H)D(-/+) mice exhibited a more complete protection, suggesting the role of specific antibodies in resistance to infection. To assess the role of natural immunity in the host defense against influenza virus, we carried out experiments with scid mice challenged with lower but still lethal doses of PR8 virus. While an increased NK activity and an increased number of NK1.1+ cells in lungs of scid mice infected with PR8 virus were noted, in vivo depletion of the NK1.1+ cells did not affect the overall survival of the mice. Our results show that specific T cells mediate protection and recovery of J(H)D(-/-) mice immunized with live virus and challenged with lethal doses of influenza virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Lymphoproliferative disorder of granular lymphocytes (natural killer cell type) with interstitial pneumonia in a patient with familial pancytopenia.

A 50-year-old woman is presented here with natural killer (NK) cell type lymphoproliferative disorder of granular lymphocytes. She was admitted to the hospital because of dyspnea on exertion. Chest X-ray revealed bilateral reticular shadows. Open lung biopsy demonstrated usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). Her white blood cell count was 3,900/mm3, of which 55% was large granular lymphocytes (LGLs). The LGLs were CD3- CD16+CD56+, and the clonality of them was not confirmed. Despite steroid therapy, she died from exacerbation of UIP complicated with opportunistic infection. The patient, her father and son had pancytopenia. Congenital immunological abnormality might cause both large granular lymphocytosis and UIP.

Female↗
PubMed1996

"Web-like obstruction"--a sign of regional complete remission after concurrent chemoradiotherapy in small cell lung cancer.

Two patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) developed "web-like" mucosa that obstructed bronchi after concurrent chemoradiotherapy. It seemed that the orifice of the bronchi had disappeared. Since the patients were free of local recurrence and the histologic findings of "web-like" mucosa were negative for malignancy, we believe that "web-like obstruction" was additional sign of regional complete remission of SCLC after concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Mucous gland adenoma of the trachea resected with an endoscopic neodymium: yttrium aluminum garnet laser.

We report a case of mucous gland adenoma of the trachea in a 73-year-old male revealed by bronchoscopy. The tumor was resected with a contact neodymium: yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd-YAG) laser after five years of observation. The tumor was histologically peculiar because it presented numerous cystically dilated, or irregularly shaped mucus-filled glands lined with cuboidal or tall columnar cells. In some parts, the lining cells of the tumor showed papillary proliferation. We diagnosed this tumor as a mucous gland adenoma of the trachea. We review the clinical features of this rare tumor and discuss the usefulness of the laser in the diagnosis and the therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Evans' syndrome associated with Graves' disease.

A 36-year-old woman who had had Graves' disease for 6 years was admitted with severe thrombocytopenia. Evans' syndrome was diagnosed. The patient's family history showed multiple cases of Graves' disease but no cases of Evans' syndrome. Both conditions in this patient improved with corticosteroid and thiamazole therapy. Several autoimmune antibodies were found, but a common autoimmune mechanism was not clearly shown. Although the combination of Graves' disease and Evans' syndrome had not occurred previously in her family, genetic factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of both conditions.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1996

Quantitative immunocytochemical assays of topoisomerase II in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Correlation to topoisomerase II alpha content and topoisomerase II catalytic activity.

The examination of topoisomerase II alpha content by Western blot analysis or topoisomerase II catalytic activity by decatenation of kDNA requires a large number of cells, but it is difficult to collect sufficient cells for these biochemical analyses from lung cancer patients by transbronchial brushing or aspiration. In this study, we explored the relationship between these biochemical analyses and topoisomerase II immunostaining in cytospin preparations of three lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. The levels of topoisomerase II alpha content were about 8.4 for A549, 2.9 for PC-3 and 1 for RERF-LC-MS, and the levels of topoisomerase II catalytic activity were about 4, 2, and 1, respectively. The percentages of strongly positive cells for topoisomerase II immunostaining were 60.9% for A549, 33.3% for PC-3, and 14.3% for RERF-LC-MS, and these were compatible with the levels of topoisomerase II alpha content or topoisomerase II catalytic activity. Our results indicate that topoisomerase II immunostaining can be utilized in place of biochemical analysis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Thallium-201 uptake, histopathological differentiation and Na-K ATPase in lung adenocarcinoma.

UNLABELLED: To clarify differences in accumulation in 201 Tl scintigraphy, we examined the relationship between uptake of 201 Tl, histopathological differentiation and Na-K ATPase. METHODS: Thallium-201 SPECT was performed twice: 15 min (early scan) and 120 min (delayed scan) after intravenous injection of 3 mCi 201 Tl-chloride. The uptake ratio of 201 Tl was calculated and compared with the grade of differentiation and the staining pattern of Na-K ATPase. RESULTS: The sensitivity of 201 Tl SPECT for well-differentiated adenocarcinomas was lower than that for moderately and poorly differentiated ones. The uptake ratio on the delayed scan was significantly lower in the well-differentiated group than that in the moderately and poorly differentiated groups. This parameter was also significantly higher in the Na-K ATPase-positive group than the -negative group. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the uptake ratio of 201 Tl SPECT may be a noninvasive indicator of the grade of pathological differentiation of adenocarcinoma and provide insight into the relationship among 201 Tl SPECT, malignancy and Na-K ATPase.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

[Two cases of therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome].

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) was sorted out two types; primary type and secondary type caused by irradiation or several drugs. Clinical features and chromosomal analysis were investigated in two patients with secondary MDS, caused by cyclophosphamide (CPM) or rifampicin (RFP) respectively, and fourteen cases of primary MDS hospitalized from 1988 to 1993. Two cases of secondary MDS progressed refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB), however two of 14 patients with primary MDS progressed to acute leukemia. Median survival was similar in two groups. In cytogenitic analysis, complex abnormalities including -5/5q- and/or -7/7q- have two cases of secondary MDS and nine out of 14 cases of primary MDS. Complex chromosomal abnormalities did not improve following chemotherapy. In this study, clinical features and cytogenetic analysis demonstrated no significant difference between primary and secondary MDS.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B-activated T cells can be redirected to inhibit multicycle virus replication.

Cell-mediated immunity is a crucial part of recovery from virus infections. Adoptive transfer of T cells into infected animals is restricted by the need for Ag-specific and MHC-restricted T cells. One way to overcome these limitations is to use bifunctional Abs to redirect the T cells against virus-infected cells. We have demonstrated that bifunctional Abs can inhibit virus replication in the presence of activated T cells. To generate a large number of activated T cells in a short time, we tested the ability of the superantigen, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), to activate T cells. We demonstrate that SEB-activated T cells are effective killers when bridged to Fc receptor-bearing target cells using anti-CD3 Abs. SEB T cells can lyse virus-infected target cells in the presence of HHA6, a bifunctional Ab specific for the V beta 8 TCR product and the H1 hemagglutinin of influenza A/PR/8/34 virus. In addition, bifunctional Ab and SEB T cells can inhibit multicycle virus replication in vitro. In a conventional 4-h chromium release assay, SEB-activated CD8 T cells are efficient killers, whereas CD4 T cells are not. Yet both subpopulations have the ability to inhibit multicycle replication in vitro. Superantigens may represent a potent method for generation of effector cells for use in redirected immunotherapy protocols.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Prognostic significance of DNA aneuploidy in diffuse malignant mesothelioma.

DNA ploidy of pepsin digested preparations of 48 paraffin-embedded specimens from 19 patients with histologically confirmed malignant mesothelioma was determined by laser flow cytometry. Eight of the 19 tumors (42%) were diploid and 11 (58%) were aneuploid. Of the aneuploid tumors, only one showed multiploidy. The median survival time of the patients with diploid tumors was 19, 16, and 14 months from the onset of symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment, respectively. The median survival in patients with aneuploid tumors was 8, 7, and 7 months from the onset of first symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Thus, patients with diploid tumors lived longer than patients with aneuploid tumors. These results suggest that DNA ploidy analysis may be of prognostic value in malignant mesothelioma.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Presentation by a major histocompatibility complex class I molecule of nucleoprotein peptide expressed in two different genes of an influenza virus transfectant.

Major histocompatibility (MHC) class I glycoproteins are specialized to present to CD8+ T cells, peptides that originate from proteins synthesized within the cytoplasm. Conventional killed vaccines are unable to get into the cell cytoplasm and therefore fail to expand the CD8+ T cell population. We have created a novel influenza transfectant virus, R10, which carries an immunogenic peptide from the nucleoprotein (NP) of PR8 influenza virus in its hemagglutinin (HA) and another similar peptide in its HK influenza virus NP. The two peptides are both presented by H-2Db and bind with approximately equal affinity. They can compete with one another for binding to H-2Db. Yet in cells infected with R10, both peptides are presented efficiently enough to expand the respective cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) precursors in vivo and to serve as targets for CTL lysis in vitro. It has been proposed that proteins bearing signal sequences may be processed by a transporter-independent pathway. To investigate this, we infected the transporter-deficient cell line RMA-S with the R10 virus to see if the NP peptide expressed by the HA would be presented. The result shows that even the presence of a signal peptide in the HA does not overcome the lack of a transporter function, suggesting that the presentation of both peptides is dependent on functional transporter proteins. Our data also suggest the feasibility of creating by genetic engineering, recombinant vaccines expressing multiple epitopes that can effectively stimulate a cellular immune response.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Inhibition of nitric oxide production increases dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver injury in rats.

Intravascular coagulation is involved in the development of certain types of liver injury, including that induced by dimethylnitrosamine. Nitric oxide inhibits platelet aggregation and adhesion; however, its role in protecting against intravascular coagulation has not been clarified. We therefore investigated the effect of blocking the production of NO in a dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver injury model. Wistar male rats received dimethylnitrosamine (50 micrograms/kg) intraperitoneally, and were treated with N omega-nitro-L-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, or N omega-nitro-D-arginine, an inactive isomer. Each arginine derivative (40 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally every 6 h. Twenty-four hours after dimethyl-nitrosamine administration, we observed a significant increase in the serum level of alanine aminotransferase in the N omega-nitro-L-arginine group compared with the N omega-nitro-D-arginine group. The N omega-nitro-L-arginine-treated group also exhibited a significant reduction in platelet count, a prolongation of prothrombin time, and an elevation of plasma soluble fibrin monomer complex levels. Sinusoidal congestion, intravascular coagulation, and coagulation necrosis around the central veins were prominent in the N omega-nitro-L-arginine group. In conclusion, the inhibition of nitric oxide production exacerbated the hepatic damage induced by dimethylnitrosamine, mediated by the acceleration of intravascular coagulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia associated with nephrotic syndrome and dermatomyositis.

Several types of autoimmune complications of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have been previously reported. However, the tendency to develop autoantibodies is usually restricted to the hematopoietic system. We report a 68-year-old man who had developed dermatomyositis after ten years of chemotherapy for CLL. He also had secondary nephrotic syndrome at the onset of CLL. Subsequently, the patient died of perforation of the small intestine. The association of both nephrotic syndrome and dermatomyositis with CLL is very rare. We discuss the possibility of a casual relation.

Aged↗