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Biomedical subjects

H Ishihara

Publications and source records attributed to H Ishihara.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Strangulated herniation through a defect of the broad ligament of the uterus.

Among internal hernias, those through the foramen of Winslow are most commonly observed. The least frequently occurring is that through the broad ligament of the uterus. The present case presented with bowel strangulating obstruction due to a defect of the left broad ligament which could be diagnosed prior to laparotomy. The patient had no significant past history, and had symptoms of colicky pain, nausea, and vomiting. Emergency laparotomy was performed. Gangrenous ileum was resected, and a defect of the broad ligament was observed bilaterally. Past history in this case supported congenital defect of the broad ligament.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Cloning and increased expression with fructose feeding of rat jejunal GLUT5.

We have isolated a clone from the rat jejunum cDNA library using a fragment of human GLUT5 cDNA as a probe. The coding region of this clone shares 80% nucleotide and 81% amino acid identity with human GLUT5 and is thus termed rat GLUT5 cDNA. Rat GLUT5 mRNA exhibited a tissue distribution very similar to that of human GLUT5, with the highest levels in the jejunum, but was not detected in fat, muscle, or testis on Northern blot analysis. The antipeptide antibody raised against the C-terminal domain of rat GLUT5 protein specifically recognized a rat jejunal protein with an apparent mol wt of 60,000 on immunoblots. The amount of GLUT5 mRNA and protein in the jejuni of rats fed a fructose-enriched diet (50%, wt/wt) for 3 days were increased 2.5- and 6-fold, respectively, compared to those of rats fed standard rat chow, whereas those of rats fed a starch-enriched diet (50%, wt/wt) were not altered. Similarly, GLUT5 mRNA and protein in the jejunum were increased 5- and 8-fold, respectively, after 15 days of fructose feeding. Thus, an increase in fructose absorption up-regulates GLUT5 expression in the jejunum. These results are consistent with the notion that GLUT5 plays a major role in fructose absorption in the small intestine.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Changes in the cytoskeletal structure of cultured smooth muscle cells induced by calyculin-A.

Changes in the cytoskeletal structure of cultured A10 smooth muscle cells induced by calyculin-A (CL-A), a potent inhibitor of types 1 and 2A protein phosphatases, were analyzed using indirect fluorescence techniques. In the presence of 1 x 10(-7) M CL-A the cells became round and subsequently detached from the substratum. The effect of CL-A was inhibited by a non-selective kinase inhibitor, K-252a, but not by EGTA. In rounded cells stress fibers were absent and staining for F-actin appeared in patches. Vinculin, one of the components of focal contacts, was localized at the periphery of control cells. CL-A treatment moved the focal contacts towards the inside of the cell along the stress fibers, and this was followed by the rounding up of the cell. In addition, rapid and marked changes in microtubule structure were observed in CL-A-treated cells. Many 'nicks' or 'gaps' were observed along the microtubules in the attached, spread cells. A filamentous network of microtubules was not observed in the detached cells, i.e. after longer exposure to CL-A. These results suggest that CL-A may change the structure of focal contacts, resulting in the rounding up of the cell, and inducing a microtubule-severing activity. These effects were independent of the external Ca2+ concentration. The changes in cytoskeletal structure may be caused by disturbing the balance of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in the cell.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1993

In vitro pharmacology of a novel non-peptide angiotensin II-receptor antagonist, E4177.

E4177, 3-[(2'-carboxybiphenyl-4-yl)methyl]-2-cyclopropyl-7-methyl-3H- imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, was characterized by in vitro autoradiography and by examining functional antagonism upon angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced contraction of isolated vessels. In rat adrenal cortex and liver, E4177 competitively inhibited the specific binding of 125I-[Sar1,Ile8]Ang II, with IC50 being (5.2 +/- 1.0) x 10(-8) M for the adrenal cortex and (1.2 +/- 0.3) x 10(-7) M for the liver. These IC50 values were similar to those for losartan, which showed an IC50 of (6.0 +/- 0.9) x 10(-8) M for the adrenal cortex and (1.3 +/- 0.5) x 10(-7) M for the liver. In contrast, E4177 and losartan had little effect on the binding to rat adrenal medulla where AT2-receptors predominate. These results indicate that E4177 is AT1-specific as is losartan. E4177 and losartan competitively antagonized the Ang II-induced contraction of human and rabbit arterial strips without any agonistic action. The obtained IC50 values indicated that E4177 was twice as potent as losartan in human arteries and three times more so in rabbit aortic strips. Responses to norepinephrine, serotonin, histamine or KCl were not affected by E4177. In addition, E4177 (10(-5) M) had no effect on angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. These data indicate that E4177 is a potent AT1 Ang II-receptor antagonist that may be clinically useful for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1993

Development of neoglycoproteins conjugated with natural oligosaccharides through carboxyl residues of proteins and its application to recombinant human interleukin 1.

In order to develop glycosylated cytokines, neoglycoproteins were synthesized utilizing naturally occurring oligosaccharides. High mannose type oligosaccharide-asparagine (Asn)s, containing Man8GN2-Asn, Man7GN2-Asn and Man6GN2-Asn, were obtained from quail ovalbumin and were coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA) by carbodiimide-mediated coupling. Major reaction occurred between amino residues of oligosaccharide-Asns and carboxyl residues of BSA. Approximately one molecules of oligosaccharides-Asns were coupled to per molecule of BSA with 50% yield of glycosylation. Among the oligosaccharides, Man6GN2-Asn appeared to be conjugated predominantly. While this strategy was applied to recombinant human interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), three molecules of oligosaccharide-Asns were introduced into per molecule of IL-1 with 10% yield of glycosylation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on serotonin metabolism in rat brain].

To elucidate the mechanism of general anesthesia, effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on serotonin metabolism in rat brain were studied. Three percent sevoflurane was administered for twenty minutes to Wistar male rats weighing 230-270g under spontaneous respiration. The rats were sacrificed by decapitation and the brains were rapidly removed. They were dissected into nine discrete regions, locus coeruleus, pons plus medulla oblongata, hypothalamus, thalamus, basal ganglia, midbrain, hippocampus, amygdala and cerebral cortex. The contents of serotonin (5-HT) and one of its major metabolites, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography with the dual-cell coulometric detector before anesthesia, 20 minutes after the start of anesthesia and at the recovery from anesthesia. Significant increases in 5-HT levels were observed in the pons, hypothalamus, midbrain, amygdala and cerebral cortex by sevoflurane anesthesia as compared with the control group. 5-HIAA levels decreased significantly in the thalamus by sevoflurane anesthesia, while an appreciable increase in 5-HIAA levels was observed in the basal ganglia at the recovery from anesthesia. It is concluded that 5-HT metabolism is significantly suppressed in the pons, hypothalamus, thalamus, midbrain, amygdala and cerebral cortex during sevoflurane anesthesia and this change in 5-HT metabolism may be associated with a mechanism of sevoflurane anesthesia.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical study on total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine--20. Summary of three thousand cases and the future of this anesthetic method].

Total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine (DFK) was given to over three thousand patients during four years from April 1989 through March 1993. The patients ranged in age from three months to eighty seven years. They underwent surgical, orthopedic, gynecological, thoracic, plastic and otolaryngeal surgeries, but patients who underwent craniotomy and obstetric operations were excluded. None of them developed any serious complications primarily due to DFK. DFK has many advantages such as the broad safety margin for three agents employed in DFK, no accident by N2O, no air pollution, empty bowels, no increase in middle ear pressure etc, while this has disadvantages such as high blood pressure, slow awakening from anesthesia and unpleasant dreams. Calcium channel blockers are very effective for antagonizing high blood pressure, and rapid recovery from anesthesia can be easily obtained by reducing ketamine dose given and also by application of epidural block. Intraoperative dreams may be avoided by concomitant use of benzodiazepines. Thus we are convinced that DFK can be a good as well as convenient anesthetic method for clinical anesthesia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical study on intraoperative hyperketonemia in non-diabetic surgical patients under general anesthesia].

We measured plasma 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHBA) concentrations in 925 non-diabetic surgical patients who underwent various surgical procedures under various types of general anesthesia. Lactated Ringer's solution only was used as an intraoperative fluid. Among them, 46 patients (4.9%) developed high 3-OHBA levels of over 500 microM.l-1 during surgery. The causes of observed hyperketonemia would be surgical stress and preoperative fasting irrespective of 8 types of general anesthesia. Blood glucose, lactic acid, base excess and pH were not influenced by hyperketonemia. Prolonged recovery from anesthesia was not observed in any patients with hyperketonemia. Without any specific treatments, plasma 3-OHBA levels were unchanged or rather decreased in 70% of the patients whose 3-OHBA levels were over 500 microM. The results suggest that hyperketonemia below 500 microM.l-1 is not always disadvantageous in nondiabetic patients under general anesthesia.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of cytoreductive surgery with lymphadenectomy including para-aortic nodes for advanced ovarian cancer.

The prognosis of 84 patients with advanced ovarian cancer who received the same regimen of postoperative chemotherapy but who received different surgical procedures, was evaluated retrospectively. Of those patients, 41 underwent cytoreductive surgery with lymphadenectomy, including removal of the para-aortic nodes (group A). The other 43 patients received hysterectomy, bilateral salpingoophorectomy and omentectomy (group B). Overall the patients in group A showed a significantly greater survival than those in group B. The performance of lymphadenectomy in patients with positive nodes improves the prognosis to equal that of patients with negative nodes. It is suggested that cytoreductive surgery with lymphadenectomy may be useful for the improvement of the prognosis of patients with advanced ovarian cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

[Anxiolytic effect of preoperative showing of "anesthesia video" for surgical patients].

Over 60% of preoperative surgical patients are reported to suffer from preoperative anxiety. Since 1986, an anesthesia video, explaining our routine anesthesia procedures has been shown to elective surgical patients preoperatively at our clinic. In 1990, as our anesthesia method was modified, we revised this video and evaluated the effect of this video on their preoperative anxiety. Female patients, in general, have much more anxiety than male patients, and the female patients of 30-59 years of age were the most anxious about their surgical operations not about anesthesia per se. The patients who were to undergo a major surgery, such as gynecological patients also belonged to the most anxious patient group. After demonstrating the video any patient group including gynecological patients of 30-59 years of age was less anxious about the upcoming anesthesia and surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Intensive care of a postpartum patient complicated with HELLP syndrome].

We reported our intensive care experience of a postpartum patient with HELLP syndrome. We administered haptoglobin immediately after the delivery in order to prevent renal insufficiency following hemoglobinuria. Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration was undertaken and plasma exchange was also employed to overcome hepatorenal insufficiency. After these procedures an improvement was observed in her hepatic and renal functions. Administration of haptoglobin and blood purification would be beneficial for patients complicated with HELLP syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[A case of venous aneurysm].

A 70-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with a complaint of a soft mass at the right elbow. Venography demonstrated that the mass was connected with vein. This mass was surgically removed and histologically a marked reduction of both elastic fibers and the adventitia were observed in the aneurysmal wall. Venous aneurysm (VA) is different form varicose veins by many features. It was considered that congenital fragility of the venous walls was associated with the onset of VA. We classified VA into type-I VA (cystic ectasia) and type II (fusiform ectasia).

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Perioperative management of patients on long-term administration of psychotropic drugs].

We experienced perioperative management of thirty two surgical patients complicated with either schizophrenia or depression on long-term administration of psychotropic drugs during a period of three years from 1989 through 1991. They underwent various operative procedures under either general anesthesia or epidural anesthesia. Mental confusion was most frequently encountered in immediate postoperative period. The longer the patients had been treated with psychotropic drugs, the more postoperative complications were observed. We lost four patients within two weeks postoperatively. They all underwent laparotomy and had been treated with psychotropic drugs for a prolonged period. No significant association between the types of anesthesia and postoperative complications was observed. Surgical patients on long-term administration of psychotropic drugs should be managed carefully particularly during postoperative period.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[EEG pattern during total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine].

We evaluated EEG pattern during total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine (DFK). Four surgical patients, ranged in age from 35 to 43, were the subjects of this study. Two male underwent oral or orthopedic surgery and the other two female patients underwent gynecological surgery. They were all free from hepato-renal dysfunction and central nervous system disorders. For the induction of anesthesia, droperidol 0.06-0.1 ml.kg-1, fentanyl 2-4 micrograms.kg-1, and ketamine 1.0-1.5 mg.kg-1 were slowly administered intravenously. A total dose of 5-15 micrograms.kg-1 of fentanyl was given intravenously with continuous infusion of ketamine 2 mg.kg-1.h-1 during the surgical procedure. The total amounts of fentanyl and ketamine administered were 4.9-22.2 micrograms.kg-1 and 240-340 mg.kg-1, respectively. We used HZI'Brain Function Monitoring system to evaluate their EEG patterns. When adequate depth of anesthesia was obtained as clinically evaluated by vital signs, theta wave pattern was dominant on the EEG tracings in any of these patients. DFK anesthesia would provide a stable anesthetic course, if those drugs are administered adequately considering vital signs including systemic blood pressure, heart rate, lacrimation and involuntary muscle movements of the face and extremities.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Induction of the expression of the interleukin-1 beta gene in mouse spleen by ionizing radiation.

Spleen cells freshly isolated from normal mice were irradiated with 20 Gy X rays in culture. Northern blot hybridizations revealed that expression of the interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) gene was induced immediately after irradiation and was increased for 2 h thereafter. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP also caused a persistent expression of the IL-1 beta gene, although it differed from X rays in that it coincidentally induced expression of the c-fos gene, which was not induced by X rays. Activation of either protein kinase C or calmodulin also induced early expression of both IL-1 beta and c-fos. Myeloid cells collected from the spleen of mice with granulocytic leukemia were X-irradiated in culture as above. The leukemia cells responded to X rays as well as to other stimuli in the same manner as the spleen cells, except that IL-1 beta mRNA was no longer detected 30 min after irradiation while c-fos was detectable for 2 h. When the leukemia cells were irradiated twice with a 3-h interval between irradiations, the second irradiation led to prolonged expression of IL-1 beta without inducing c-fos expression. These results suggest that ionizing radiation elicits early expression of the IL-1 beta gene through a mechanism that does not involve protein kinase C or A, or the transcription factor, c-fos. Whole-body irradiation of mice with 50 Gy 137Cs gamma rays also induced IL-1 beta expression in spleen but not in bone marrow or liver, although there was a delay of several hours before it was amply expressed. Furthermore, a delay as long as 24 or 72 h was observed when the radiation dose was reduced to 8.5 or 4 Gy. The results of this in vivo study suggest that the rapidity of expression of the IL-1 beta gene is dependent on the dose of radiation, and that the cells in the body cannot respond to radiation as rapidly as cells in culture.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Effects of ketamine on pituitary-adrenal axis in rats].

We examined the effects of ketamine (20 mg.kg-1) on plasma ACTH, Comp. B, aldosterone and ir-ANP levels in unstrained rats. We divided rats into two groups, saline group as control (saline group) and ketamine group (ketamine treated rats). Plasma samples were taken before ketamine or saline infusion to determine a pre-treatment value, and samples were also taken at 15, 30, 60 minutes after the infusion. ACTH, aldosterone and ir-ANP were measured by radioimmunoassay. Comp. B was determined by a fluorometric method. We obtained the following results: 1) Plasma ACTH levels increased significantly in the ketamine group, while there was no such a marked increase in the saline group. The slight increase in ACTH in the saline group could have resulted from handling during i.v. infusion or psychic stress; 2) Plasma corticosterone and aldosterone levels increased markedly in both groups. However, the magnitude of the adrenocortical response was significantly greater than in the saline group; 3) Plasma ir-ANP showed no significant change in both groups. These results suggest that ketamine stimulated pituitary-adrenal axis, and the adrenal stimulation produced by ketamine are greater than those induced by the stress of handling or psychic stress.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1993

Constitutive overexpression of the c-fos gene in radiation-induced granulocytic leukemia in mice.

Among various myeloid leukemias which were induced by X rays in C3H/He mice (Seki et al., Radiat. Res. 127, 146-149, 1991), the three most frequent types were analyzed for myeloperoxidase, c-myc, c-myb, and c-fos mRNAs. It was shown by in situ hybridization that all the component cells were positive for myeloperoxidase mRNA in granulocytic leukemia, whereas only half the cells were positive in myelomonocytic leukemia and none in monocytic leukemia. Granulocytic leukemia was also characterized by a persistently heightened expression of c-fos, while the other two types of leukemia showed negligibly low expression of the c-fos message. By contrast, both c-myc and c-myb were expressed to a similar extent in all three types of leukemia. When fresh granulocytic leukemia cells were transferred to culture in a medium containing 0.5% fetal calf serum, c-fos mRNA was decreased rapidly during incubation. The decay of c-fos mRNA was inhibited by cycloheximide markedly but was not changed significantly by actinomycin D. In the culture containing 10% fetal calf serum, the rate of decay of c-fos mRNA was slowed down significantly. Addition of dibutyryl cyclic AMP rapidly restored the c-fos expression and kept it elevated for at least 2 h in the cultured granulocytic leukemia cells. Phorbol ester (TPA) and calcium ionophore A23187 also caused a rapid but transient c-fos expression. A transient c-fos expression was inducible by TPA in the other two types of leukemia cells and in the granulocytic leukemia cells. The results suggest that the persistent expression of c-fos is distinguished from its transient expression and is characteristic for granulocytic leukemia cells as it is for normal mature granulocytes.

Animals↗