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Biomedical subjects

H Ishida

Publications and source records attributed to H Ishida.

At least 1,189 records · Page 66Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Circulating levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in rat models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

In order to investigate the pathogenic role of bone resorption by osteoclasts in altered bone metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), the circulating levels of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) were simultaneously determined with osteocalcin, in rat models of NIDDM, i.e., genetic Wistar fatty rats and neonatally streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (NSZ rats). In Wistar fatty rats exhibiting hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, plasma TRACP was 40.0+/-0.4 U/l (mean+/-SE), significantly higher than that of 32.8+/-1.3 U/l in their lean littermates (p < 0.01). Bone length, bone strength, and weight of powdered bone in Wistar fatty rats were significantly decreased compared to control rats (p < 0.02-0.001). On the other hand, plasma TRACP in NSZ rats was 13.6+/-1.0 U/l, significantly lower than that of 31.4+/-1.2 U/l in their controls (p < 0.01). In addition, there were positive correlations between circulating TRACP and insulin levels in both NIDDM rat models (p < 0.05-0.01). Furthermore, plasma osteocalcin levels in these NIDDM models were significantly decreased than those of their corresponding controls (p < 0.001). Consequently, in Wistar fatty rats with hyperinsulinemia, it is suggested that the bone formation by osteoblasts was decreased, while the bone resorption by osteoclasts was increased. In contrast, in NSZ rats with hypoinsulinemia, both of bone formation and resorption were speculated to be decreased, indicating the decreased bone turnover. These results suggest that, although the deterioration in the osteoblastic function can be commonly observed in NIDDM animal models, the osteoclastic function is heterogeneous under NIDDM conditions.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Beneficial effects of fish oil on glucose metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

1. Increased interest in fish oil led us to examine their metabolic effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats, which have been reported to have glucose intolerance. 2. Rats were divided into three groups: (i) a control group fed standard rat laboratory chow; (ii) a lard group fed a high-fat diet containing 20% lard; and (iii) a fish oil group fed a high-fat diet containing 20% fish oil for 14 weeks. 3. Systolic blood pressure and fasting blood glucose were markedly increased in the lard group, whereas in the fish oil group they were only transiently increased at the beginning and decreased to levels seen in the control group. 4. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test demonstrated that fish oil reversed the impairment of glucose disposal found in the lard group. However, plasma insulin levels were raised transiently at 30 min in the fish oil group compared with the control group. 5. Insulin secretion from pancreatic islets stimulated with glucose in vitro was also enhanced by fish oil. 6. These results lead us to conclude that fish oil improves glucose tolerance by enhancing insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolation from beer and structural determination of a potent stimulant of gastrin release.

Beer was subjected to five successive chromatographic procedures to isolate the gastrin release-inducing activity, guided by bioassay of the fractions in anaesthetized Donryu rats. The procedures were: (1) hydrophobic interaction chromatography (aqueous effluent with an HP20 column); (2) weak cation-exchange chromatography (1 M acetic acid eluate with a CM Sephadex C-25 column); (3) gel filtration (methanol eluate with a Sephadex LH-20 column); (4) same as (2); (5) high-performance liquid chromatography (YMC-Pack ODS-AM with 7% acetonitrile-0.01 M HCl). The active component finally isolated had a specific activity approximately 10000 times higher than that of beer. It was identified by means of mass, 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analyses as N-methyltyramine (NMT). The dose of NMT giving maximal gastrin-releasing activity was 25 microg/kg, and the 50% effective dose was approximately 10 microg/kg on oral administration to rats. NMT was isolated and identified as a gastrin release inducer in beer. Its concentration in beer is sufficient to account for most of the activity of beer.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cultured epithelial autografting on meshed skin graft scars: evaluation of skin elasticity.

Many patients with meshed skin graft scars complain of the scars' unsightly appearance and hardness. Since 1989 we have shaved away meshed skin graft scars and then resurfaced the area with autologous cultured epithelium in nine patients. This method improved the disfigurement of meshed skin graft scars, with minimal sacrifice of normal donor skin. Furthermore, autologous cultured epithelium grafted areas had high skin elasticity compared with meshed skin graft scars, as measured with a noninvasive suction device.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dynamic change of reticuloendothelial system function after surgical stress.

The influence of surgical stress on the function of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) is not well elucidated. Because we established an in vivo functional test for the RES by using chondroitin sulfate iron colloid in rabbits, the normal range of RES function in healthy volunteers (n = 12) and the dynamic change of RES function in surgical patients after distal gastrectomy (n = 14) were examined by this method. In healthy volunteers, the maximum phagocytic velocity and membrane-particle constant were 0.0310 +/- 0.0052 mg/kg per minute and 0.575 +/- 0.205 mg/kg, respectively. In surgical patients, maximum phagocytic velocity (postoperative day 1, 0.0408 +/- 0.0088; postoperative day 3, 0.0486 +/- 0.0115; and postoperative day 7, 0.0430 +/- 0.0115 mg/kg per minute) and membrane-particle constant (postoperative day 3, 0.717 +/- 0.169 mg/kg) significantly increased postoperatively in comparison with preoperative values. These results indicate that the total capacity of the RES is augmented but that its functional phagocytic efficiency is diminished after abdominal surgery. This phenomenon is considered to be one of the immunological alterations caused by surgical stress. The chondroitin sulfate iron colloid test can be applied to monitor the dynamic change of the RES function under various conditions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intravenous administration of nucleosides and a nucleotide mixture diminishes intestinal mucosal atrophy induced by total parenteral nutrition.

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is associated with atrophic changes in the structure and function of the intestinal mucosa. Because rapidly renewing intestinal mucosal cells may require an external source of purines and pyrimidines for their optimal growth, it can be assumed that supplementation of nucleosides and a nucleotide mixture (OG-VI) during TPN may prevent the progression of mucosal atrophy by compensating for a relatively insufficient delivery from liver. To test that hypothesis, male Wistar rats receiving TPN for 7 days were divided into four groups according to different TPN solutions. Group C (n = 10) received a standard solution, group O (n = 10) received OG-VI in addition to the standard solution, and group G (n = 10) received a glutamine-rich TPN solution containing almost the same amount of calories and nitrogen as the standard solution. Group O+G (n = 10) received OG-VI in addition to the glutamine-rich solution. Various parameters were examined on the eighth day in the jejunal and ileal segments. The following significant changes in comparison with group C were observed: total wet weight of the jejunal segment in group O was significantly greater, as was mucosal wet weight of the jejunal and ileal segments in groups O and O+G; protein contents of the ileal segment in group O as well as the DNA content of the jejunal segment in group O increased significantly; and maltase activity of the jejunal segment in group O+G increased, as did the villus height of the jejunal segment in groups O and O+G and the villus height of the ileal segment in group G.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of resumption of loading on stress-shielded autografts after augmentation procedures. An experimental study.

An experiment was conducted to verify if resumption of loading (restressing) on autografts after augmentation procedures can recover the mechanical properties of the grafts that were deteriorated by complete stress shielding. One hundred ten Japanese White rabbits were used. After the patellar tendon in each right knee was frozen in situ, tension applied to the tendon was released for an interval in 80 rabbits. These 80 animals were divided into four groups of 20 rabbits. The patellar tendons in these groups were completely shielded from stress for 1, 2, 3, and 6 weeks, respectively. From each group, rabbits were sacrificed immediately before restressing (N = 5), and after 3 (N = 5), 6 (N = 5), and 12 (N = 5) weeks of restressing. The remaining 30 rabbits underwent sham operations. The results showed that complete stress shielding markedly decreased tensile strength of the patellar tendon. However, if restressing was applied within 3 weeks of complete stress shielding, the once-reduced strength gradually increased to the level of the sham-operated tendons by 12 weeks after the onset of restressing. Restressing applied after 6 weeks of complete stress shielding also increased the strength of the tendon; however, it reached only 65% the strength of the sham-operated tendons at 12 weeks after restressing. The timing to apply stress to grafts should be carefully determined for optimal recovery.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma invaded to the submucosal and proper muscle layer.

The expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 was examined immunohistochemically in a total of 87 colorectal cancer patients. The expression of MMP-2 was in cancer cells: 76.5% (sm), 16.7% (pm), in cancer interstitial region: 92.2% (sm), 58.3% (pm), in transitional mucosal cells: 74.3% (sm), 17.1% (pm) and in transitional mucosal interstitial region: 80.0% (sm), 31.4% (pm). The expression of TIMP-2 was in cancer cells: 41.2% (sm), 16.7% (pm), in cancer interstitial region: 82.4% (sm), 69.4% (pm), in transitional mucosal cells: 57.1% (sm), 22.9% (pm) and in transitional mucosal interstitial region: 89.3% (sm), 57.1% (pm). These results suggest that the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 is induced in the sm cancer stage and is closely related to interactions in the cancer interstitial region for invasion and metastasis in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
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The expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in patients with primary colorectal adenocarcinoma: correlation with liver metastasis.

The expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 was examined immunohistochemically in a total of 36 colorectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastasis at the time of surgery, and the serum MMP-2 and TIMP-2 levels were also measured in a total of 58 colorectal cancer patients with/without liver metastasis following primary colorectal surgical resection for serological comparison. Although MMP-2 exhibited a significant expression immunohistochemically in the primary colorectal cancer (p<0.05) and TIMP-2 in the synchronous liver metastasis (p<0.01), there was no relationship between the absence/presence of liver metastasis and serum MMP-2 and TIMP-2 levels, respectively. These results suggest that it can be considered difficult to use serum MMP-2 and TIMP-2 levels to predict the status of liver metastasis following primary resection in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
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c-erbB-2 protein expression and clinicopathologic features in colorectal cancer.

Previous reports showed that breast and gastric cancers overexpressing c-erbB-2 protein have a greater metastatic potential and worse prognosis than tumors in which this protein is not overexpressed. The present study was undertaken to examine the significance of c-erbB-2 protein expression as a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. Protein expression was examined immunohistologically in colorectal cancer tissue from 149 patients without distant metastasis, from 38 patients with liver metastasis, and from 18 patients with lung metastasis. The c-erbB-2 protein-positive rate was significantly higher in cases with lymphatic vessel invasion in the primary tumor, but it did not correlate with lymph node metastases. Expression of c-erbB-2 did not correlate with any other histologic feature (histologic type, depth of tumor invasion, venous vessel invasion, or the clinical stage). The positive rate in the primary lesion was significantly higher in cases with liver metastasis than in cases without liver metastasis, the positive rate was significantly higher in the hepatic than in the primary lesions. The expression of c-erbB-2 protein in colorectal cancer tissue correlates closely with liver metastasis but not with lymphatic or lung metastases.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term survival after immunochemotherapy for juvenile colon cancer with peritoneal dissemination: a case report.

A 20 year-old man was hospitalized with an abdominal mass and abdominal distension. Investigations resulted in a diagnosis of ileus caused by advanced colon cancer with peritoneal dissemination to the pouch of Douglas. Palliative surgery was performed to relieve bowel obstruction and debulk the tumor. Histopathological examination showed that the tumor was a mucinous adenocarcinoma invading the serosa without lymph node metastasis. Ascites collected during the operation was diagnosed as class V. Administration of PSK (3.0 g/day) and UFT (600 mg/day) as adjuvant immunochemotherapy was started postoperatively to achieve tumor dormancy. He has been followed as an outpatient for 2.5 years with no ascites or abdominal symptoms.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preoperative evaluation by whole-body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in patients with primary colorectal cancer.

Whole-body positron emission tomography (WB PET) was performed preoperatively in 24 patients with primary colorectal cancer, and the results were compared with the histopathological findings. The PET positive rate was 95.8% (23/24 patients) for the primary tumor. Among nine patients with histologically confirmed lymph node metastasis, two (22.2%) were positive by PET, including one with n1 and one with n4 disease. Among 15 patients without lymph node metastasis histopathologically (n0), two (13.3%) showed false-positive nodes on PET, being diagnosed as n1 and n3 disease, respectively. These results suggest that preoperative PET is useful for the diagnosis of primary colorectal cancer, but it is of limited value for detecting metastasis to the regional lymph nodes surrounding the primary lesion.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Allogeneic class I major histocompatibility complex gene transfer in murine neuroblastoma in vivo.

In vivo intratumoral gene transfer of allogeneic class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes augments the immune response against weak tumor antigens. In this study, mice inoculated with the allogeneic MHC molecule (H-2Kb), had transduced-murine neuroblastoma C1300S3 cells showed prolonged survival relative to non-transduced or neo transduced tumors (p < 0.005). Interestingly, direct in vivo gene transfer of H-2Kb plasmid DNA complexed with HVJ-liposomes into S3 tumors was highly efficient, resulting in transduction of 8% of the interstitial cells within the tumor but rarely within tumor cells. Regression of established tumors and prolonged survival occurred in 50% of mice injected with H-2Kb, in contrast to no tumor regression in mice receiving control plasmid (p < 0.005). This study concludes that interstitial cells could serve as an important target of intratumoral gene transfer, and further that HVJ-liposome complexes could be a vehicle for in vivo gene transfer.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biliary carcinoembryonic antigen levels can predict metachronous liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.

We set out to determine whether carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in gallbladder bile and serum can predict metachronous liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. At the time of surgery, gallbladder bile and serum were sampled for enzyme immunoassays of CEA. Upper limit (mean +/- 2SD) of the normal range for CEA in bile was established from samples at surgery for nonneoplastic gallbladder disease. In 11 patients with synchronous liver metastases, biliary CEA levels correlated with the size of hepatic lesions. In 49 patients without evident liver metastases at the time of surgery, elevated biliary CEA levels predicted subsequent emergence of metachronous liver metastases with 75% sensitivity, 85% specificity, and 84% accuracy; serum CEA levels were not a reliable predictor. In conclusion, determination of biliary CEA level at the time of colorectal resection shows promise as a way to identify patients at high risk for hepatic recurrence.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Submucosal tumor (SMT)-like esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with gastric metastasis.

We present here a case of submucosal tumor-like esophageal cancer with metastasis to the stomach. A 60-year-old man, whose ability to swallow was impaired, was admitted to Kyorin University School of Medicine Hospital. Gastrointestinal endoscopy demonstrated a small bulging mass in the lower esophagus and a large submucosal mass in the gastric cardia. The gastric lesion was growing rapidly and becoming easily hemorrhagic. It appeared rich in blood flow by angiography. Surgical treatment was adopted after a diagnosis of esophageal cancer and a gastric submucosal tumor was made. However, in the end, the gastric mass was identified as a metastasis from the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, the primary esophageal lesion displayed quite a special type of histology, a so-called submucosal tumor-like pattern, which was covered by normal epithelium and grew mainly in the submucosal layer of the esophagus. Gastric metastasis from esophageal cancer is relatively rare, and it is quite rare that an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma grows as a submucosal tumor. Finally, the patient died of pneumonia and metastasis to the liver on the 110th day of hospitalization. Intramural metastasis to the stomach from esophageal cancer should be treated in its advanced stage, and poor prognosis can be expected from aggressive treatment. It is necessary to recognize this complication so that appropriate therapy can be carried out on patients with esophageal cancer, and the situation needs to be carefully evaluated, including the stomach, both before and after treatment.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endoscopic treatment of hemorrhagic gastric ulcer in patients aged 80 years or more.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hemorrhagic gastric ulcer is a more serious disorder in elderly patients than in young patients. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic treatment for hemorrhagic gastric ulcer in patients aged 80 years or more. METHODOLOGY: A total of 269 patients underwent endoscopic treatment for hemorrhagic gastric ulcer with hemoclipping and pure ethanol injection, either alone or in combination. These patients were divided into two groups: elderly (> or = 80 years old) and younger (< 80 years) groups. The clinical data, endoscopic findings and outcomes of endoscopic treatment were compared between these two groups. RESULTS: Patients in the elderly group had a significantly higher incidence of concomitant disease (73% vs. 23%), anemia (7.9 +/- 2.1 g/dL vs. 9.3 +/- 2.8 g/dL) and large ulcer (23% vs. 6%) compared with the younger group. However, all patients in the elderly group underwent endoscopic hemostasis successfully with no complications and no deaths. The rebleeding rate was not significantly different (8% vs. 4%) between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly patients with hemorrhagic gastric ulcer have high incidences of severe ulcer disease and concomitant medical problems. Endoscopic hemostasis for hemorrhagic gastric ulcer is effective and safe, even for such elderly patients.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prolongation of cardiac xenograft function after reduction of natural antibodies using double filtration plasmapheresis.

A double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) technique was applied to selectively remove the natural antibodies in discordant xenotransplantation. A swine heart was heterotopically transplanted in a canine neck after two DFPP procedures during which 200 to 500 ml of plasma were replaced with the same amount of Hartman's solution containing 7% human albumin. Mean removal rate of IgC and IgM by DFPP ranged from 74.2 +/- 0.5 to 95.9 +/- 2.8%. The anti-swine lymphocytotoxic reaction of canine serum was decreased after DFPP but still remained in low titers. Mean graft survival time in the group treated by DFPP in which 1000 ml of plasma was totally replaced was prolonged to 107 +/- 47 min, while it was 9 +/- 5 min in the group without any treatment (p less than 0.01). Deposits of canine IgM and C3 on the vascular endothelium of the graft were observed on immunofluorescence, while there were no deposits of IgG. In conclusion, DFPP effectively removed the natural antibodies, resulting in prolongation of xenograft survival time. Immunofluorescence study suggested that natural IgM antibodies played an important role in this xeno-hyperacute rejection.

Animals↗