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Biomedical subjects

H Ishida

Publications and source records attributed to H Ishida.

At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on blood glucose and glucose regulatory hormones in mild diabetes.

In order to investigate the effect of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on glucose tolerance and glucose regulatory hormones, ASA was given to 14 diabetic patients for seven days by two different methods. A 50 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed before and after the treatment. Nine of 14 diabetics received a dosage of 1.5 g of ASA three times a day for seven days plus 1.5 g on the eighth day one hr before the test (group I). The other 5 patients had the same dosage of ASA as group I, but were not administered ASA prior to the second OGTT (group II). In group I the ASA treatment improved the glucose tolerance associated with sustained rise of plasma insulin significantly, whereas no significant change in glucose tolerance or plasma insulin was observed in group II compared the pretreatment level. The ASA had no significant effect on plasma glucagon or gastric inhibitory polypeptide in either group I or group II. These results suggest that ASA allievates glucose intolerance in maturity onset diabetics by a direct enhancement of insulin secretion, and, moreover, that it is important to maintain elevated ASA concentrations in their blood.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Characteristics of [3H]E-643-binding to alpha adrenoceptors.

Radiolabeled E-643, a newly developed antihypertensive compound, bound specifically to a preparation obtained from rat brain with a maximum of 85 f moles of binding sites per mg protein and a dissociation constant of 0.59 nM. Prazosin markedly inhibited the binding. While yohimbine and clonidine were only weak inhibitors. Other characteristics of the binding of [3H]E-643 to the brain and its specific binding to preparations of peripheral rat organs were also studied. The present findings suggest that [3H]E-643 is useful for labeling alpha 1-adrenoceptors.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1982

An improved method for the determination of human blood kinin levels by sensitive kinin radioimmunoassay.

A highly sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for kinin (minimal detectable amount, 0.5 pg/tube) was applied to measure the blood kinin level. A five ml blood sample was collected with a siliconized needle and plastic syringe which contained 2.5 ml of 0.8 N-HCl. The blood kinin was extracted with butanol, following reextraction with water. According to this procedure, the mean recovery (mean +/- SE) calculated from added 125I-bradykinin (500 CPM) and the known amounts of cold bradykinin were 50.4 +/- 0.8% and 51.1 +/- 2.2%, respectively. In comparison with other sampling methods in 6 normal subjects, the blood samples taken without HCl in syringes showed a higher level (24.4 +/- 10.1 pg/ml) than the samples with HCl (5.3 +/- 1.3 pg/ml). And very high levels were obtained in the plasma samples collected by the method of Talamo or Vinci (0.53 +/- 0.24 ng/ml and 3.5 +/- 1.3 ng/ml, respectively). The kinin content in blood samples taken with HCl was stable at -20 degrees C for at least one month, but increased significantly at room temperature or 4 degrees C for 48 hours. Blood samples were obtained from 17 normal subjects, and 3 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Blood kinin levels in the patient with acute myocardial infarction, 121 +/- 20.9 pg/ml, were significantly higher than those in normal subjects (3.8 +/- 0.5 pg/ml). From these results, it was concluded that high levels of blood kinin reported previously may have resulted from inadequate sampling procedures. Thus, in order to measure blood kinin accurately, inactivation of the kinin generating and destroying enzymes must be done immediately after the sampling. In addition, this radioimmunoassay method should be very useful in investigating the pathophysiological role of blood kinin in various diseases.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1982

Prostaglandin E1: stimulation of somatostatin and insulin responses to glucose from the isolated perfused rat pancreas.

The effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on insulin and pancreatic somatostatin release was investigated using the isolated perfused rat pancreas. In the presence of 4.4 mM glucose, PGE1 produced a significant augmentation in somatostatin release, but not in insulin release, compared to the effect of glucose alone. PGE1 also augmented somatostatin and insulin secretion induced by 16.7 mM glucose. These results suggest that PGE1 plays a role in the regulation of not only insulin but also pancreatic somatostatin release.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1982

Topical methoxsalen followed immediately by long-wave UV irradiation. A preliminary report on the treatment of psoriasis.

In the treatment of psoriasis with topically applied methoxsalen, the patient is exposed to long-wave UV (UV-A) energy two hours after the application of methoxsalen. Using the guinea pig as an experimental model, we found that UV-A irradiation given immediately after the topical application of methoxsalen resulted in the notable suppression of tritiated thymidine incorporation into epidermal basal cells. This finding suggests that the rate of suppression of epidermal DNA synthesis by PUVA (methoxsalen plus UV-A light) may not correlate with the interval between methoxsalen application and UV-A irradiation. This modified method of PUVA therapy (immediate irradiation) was successfully used in the treatment of psoriasis.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1981

Ouabain binding to chick embryo neuroretina during development in ovo and in monolayer cultures.

Eight-day-old embryo neuroretinas (NR) were dissociated and cultured as monolayer. [3H]Ouabain binding was investigated during the culture period. [3H]Ouabain binding to NR increases continuously until around the tenth day of culture, but after that it gradually decreased. On the other hand, [3H]ouabain binding to NR during in ovo development continued to increase until the embryo was 20 days old. Na-K-ATPase activity was also compared with [3H]ouabain binding during development in ovo and in monolayer culture. It was found that changes in Na-K-ATPase activity of NR in vitro and in ovo were different from those of [3H]ouabain binding activity. Exposure of NR at the second day of culture to 0.1 mM ouabain for 8 h resulted in the degeneration of some differentiated neurons (rosette-formed cells), but new rosettes were soon re-formed after the withdrawal of ouabain, and [3H]ouabain binding to the ouabain-treated NR was decreased by 30%. Ouabain-treatment of NR in 10-day-old cultures completely destroyed the aggregated neurons, but did not apparently injure the glial cell layer. [3H]Ouabain binding decreased more than 90% in the ouabain-treated NR. These results suggest that [3H]ouabain binding activity of NR and the sensitivity to ouabain toxicity are useful indicators for differentiation and development of neurons in the cultured retinal cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Suppression of spermatogenesis in patients with Behçet's disease treated with cyclophosphamide and colchicine.

Reproductive function was studied in 31 adult male patients with Behçet's disease during treatment with cyclophosphamide and/or colchicine for 1 to 64 months. Semen was obtained from 27 patients. Azoospermia or severe oligospermia was found in 13 of 17 patients receiving cyclophosphamide with or without colchicine, whereas the sperm count was almost normal in six patients treated with colchicine alone and in four patients receiving neither drug (control patients). Blood samples were available for 31 patients. The mean follicle-stimulating hormone level among 12 cyclophosphamide-treated patients was significantly higher than that of 6 colchicine-treated patients and 6 control patients. These results indicate that cyclophosphamide impairs spermatogenesis in adult men, whereas colchicine does not.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Laparoscopic observation and biopsy of the pancrease.

Laparoscopy has been employed mainly in liver diseases. Although there have been many reports dealing with intraabdominal lesions other than those of the liver, there have been few concerning the pancreas. Because of its anatomical characteristics, the laparoscopic approach to the pancreas has been extremely difficult. For endoscopic diagnosis of pancreatic lesions, we have developed a 2-channel operating laparoscope. Using a supragastric approach through the lesser omentum, the scope is inserted into the lesser peritoneal sac for direct inspection of the pancreas. In this paper, the method of lesser omentotomy and the diagnostic results are described.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1981

Role of alpha-adrenergic receptors in denervation supersensitivity of rat vas deferens.

Contractile responses of rat vas deferens were studied with particular attention directed to the role of receptors and neuronal control. Marked contraction of the vas deferens was observed with alpha-adrenergic agonists, depending on their concentrations. This tissue had a low sensitivity to ACh. Four days after denervation, this tissue showed a supersensitivity to alpha-adrenergic agonists and a high K+ concentration, but not to ACh. The increase in sensitivity to alpha-agonists resulted in an enhancement of the maximal response and a shift of the concentration response curve to lower concentrations of these reagents. Alterations were seen in the alpha-adrenergic receptors in the rat vas deferens, assayed by measuring the binding of [3H]WB4101. The maximal binding sites decreased significantly to 86 from 142 fmoles per mg protein. The affinity of the receptors for alpha-agonist, determined by measuring the ability of agonists to displace bound [3H] WB4101, increased significantly, while the affinity to alpha-antagonists remained unchanged. Studies on [3H]QNB binding indicated no significant change in muscarinic ACh receptors after denervation. Thus, supersensitivity of the alpha-adrenergic mechanism mediated by a specific change in affinity of alpha-receptors occurs after denervation of rat vas deferens. These changes in sensitivity and in receptors are discussed in relation to the characteristics and roles of alpha-receptors in the rat vas deferens.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1981

Effects of harmaline on membrane excitability and ATPase activity of the crayfish giant axon.

Effects of harmaline on excitability of crayfish giant axon in relation to effects on Na,K-ATP activity were investigated and the findings were compared with relative data on ouabain. Exposure of the axon to harmaline in doses over 0.5 mM resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of the action potential. Harmaline of 2.5 mM produced a complete blockade of the action potential with a slight decrease in the resting membrane potential (5.7 mV), but no alterations of Na,K-ATPase activity. In contrast, ouabain (5 mM) produced a more pronounced decrease in the resting membrane potential (10.6 mV) and also a partial reduction in the action potential, while a significant decrease in Na,K-ATPase activity was obtained. Increasing the membrane potential to the initial level resulted in a partial recovery (46%) of the rising rate (dV/dt) of action potential. The dV/dt was exponentially decreased when the resting potential was reduced with application of KCl solution over 8 mV. These results suggest that harmaline externally applied produces a decrease in sodium conductance without affecting Na,K-ATPase activity, while ouabain inhibits Na,K-ATPase activity and, to lesser extent, decreases in sodium conductance.

Action Potentials↗