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Biomedical subjects

H Ishida

Publications and source records attributed to H Ishida.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Surviving and proliferating faculty of fibroblasts cultured under no-serum and poor nutritional conditions. The basic study on hybridation of cultured cells with an artificial matrix.

BACKGROUND: In this study, we measured survival periods of fibroblasts cultured under conditions providing minimal nutrition. This investigation aims to develop the high affinity hybrid artificial organs on tissues or organs finally. METHODS: Dermal fibroblasts were inoculated on 96-well multiplate according to routine technique. The medium of these cells maintained for 24 hours replaced the new DME medium containing 10% FBS (group 1) or without FBS (group 2) and then cultured for 10 days without medium change. The surviving cell numbers were measured using MTS assay. RESULTS: Surviving cell numbers of both groups decreased progressively during the 10-day assay period. Overall 25-40% of the fibroblasts survived for at least 10 days. It decreased significantly, however, in group 2 from day 2 through day 4 as compared to group 1. In contrast, the cell number decreased in group 1 to a greater extent than in group 2 after day 6. When the cells that survived until day 10 were then cultured with fresh DME medium containing 10% FBS for 3 more days, the cell numbers returned to 50-100% of the initial level CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that fibroblasts cell function is maintained under poor nutritional conditions, i.e., without serum, possibly via an autocrine or paracrine mechanism. These data could contribute much to the research of hybrid artificial organs, including an artificial trachea, in which hybridization of cultured cells with artificial matrices remains to be a basic process, and has to serve in bloodless postimplantation period.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1999

[The analysis for surgical procedures of coronary-artery bypass grafting: selection of graft materials].

We analyzed 222 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in our institute. Our selection of graft materials consists of only one arterial conduit and one or more saphenous vein grafts (SVG). An arterial conduits (left internal thoracic artery (LITA) was mainly used for the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), while a SVG was used for coronary arterial branch. Our approach was evaluated by the mid-term prognosis as well as cardiac events. Seventy-one percent of patients with CABG could be followed. The graft patency rate was better for ITA grafts than for SVG (97.8% vs 88%). The incidence of late cardiac events was lower in patients with the LITA, to the LAD. Furthermore, these patients had a better survival rate at 4 years comparing with patients who had vein bypass grafts alone. We suggest that this selection of graft materials may be accepted in CABG for the good quality, avoiding the cardiac events.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Common diagnostic test panels for clinical evaluation of new primary care outpatients in Japan: a cost-effectiveness evaluation.

BACKGROUND: The Japan Society of Clinical Pathology (JSCP) has developed a guideline for common diagnostic test utilization in new primary care outpatients. To determine the scientific and economic validity of the JSCP panel testing system, we analyzed cost-effectiveness parameters of test panels advocated. METHODS: The "Essential Laboratory Tests" panel (2) [ELT(2) panel], a package of common diagnostic tests added to the ELT(1) baseline health-status screening panel, was applied to 540 new outpatients who visited the Comprehensive Medicine Clinics in an academic medical center during 1991 to 1997. A "useful result" (UR) of testing was defined as a finding that contributed to a change in a physician's diagnosis- or decision-making, relating to a "tentative initial diagnosis" (TID) obtained from history and physical examination alone. RESULTS: Clinical usefulness was demonstrated in 259 patients with ELT(2), in whom 398 URs were generated. Clinical effectiveness (UR/TID) ranged from 1.65 (hematological) to 0.088 (neurological disease), with a cost disparity from yen1251 ( approximately $10) to yen23 037 ( approximately $200) per UR. A total of 1137 tests generated URs. We further assessed the clinical effectiveness and economic efficiency (cost/UR) of ELT(1) and restructured panels. Use of the ELT(1) alone generated 244 URs in 167 patients. The poor efficiency of the ELT(1) panel was markedly improved with the addition of certain ELT(2)-specific tests in liver/pancreatobiliary, metabolic/endocrine, and cardiovascular disease groups. CONCLUSIONS: A wide disparity in the utility of ELT panels in different patient groups does not support the JSCP recommendation of their routine use for new outpatients. Selective test combinations should be used in selected patient groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Acquisition of evidence and facts for a consulting service in the department of clinical laboratory to support effective usage of laboratory tests].

We are developing an integrated laboratory information database to share the evidences and facts with clinicians for effective application of diagnostic laboratory tests for the care of individual patients. It includes high quality evidence acquired from the clinical trials and systematic reviews as well as basic information about the analytical method, related disorders and so on of each laboratory test. We should also have the skills to appropriately obtain information from articles about relevant subjects and obtain the original facts from the laboratory database combined with the database from the department of medical records to review diagnostic data of individual cases. These strategies to acquire and accumulate those kinds of knowledge and information are essential for the management of a consulting service room as part of the clinical laboratory department. We must contribute to the improvement of clinical diagnoses and treatments, and serve as professional consultants with the expertise.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMed1999

[Dynamic generation of diagnostic knowledge from a database of well defined case clinical records].

To promote an evidence-based practice of laboratory medicine, we created a database of 1584 typical case records consisting of 30 common diseases. Cases without therapy or major complication were carefully selected. Characteristic clinical symptoms and signs indicating the severity were recorded together with general laboratory test results. A user-friendly computer system for interpretive laboratory diagnosis was also created. It features (1) automatic graphics for visualizing distributions of laboratory values and/or prevalence of clinical symptoms and signs, (2) simultaneous display of distributions of common test values for any combination of diseases, (3) quick subclassification of cases within a disease group by any clinical characteristic, (4) diagnostic guidance by dynamic calculation of a novel similarity index that represents matching of a given set of signs/values with those of typical cases in the database.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed1999

[Assessment of brain cell function using 123I-IMP SPECT of cerebral blood flow and visual evoked potential by photic stimulation in normal and demented elderly subjects].

Cerebral blood flow was quantitatively measured using 123I-IMP SPECT by photic stimulation and visual evoked potential (VEPs) in normal and dementia subjects: 8 with Alzheimer-type dementia, 9 with cerebrovascular dementia and 7 normal elderly subjects were divided into the three groups based on the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) grade: Group I (CDR 0), Group II (CDR 0.5-1), Group III (CDR 2-3). The 123I-IMP SPECT measurement was conducted at rest with the eyes closed and also during photic stimulation. VEPs were measured simultaneously. The results reveal prolongation of the P2 latency of the VEPs prolonged in accordance with the increasing severity of the dementia, and quantitative cerebral blood flow was lower in Group II and Group III than in Group I at rest, while during photic stimulation it significantly increased in Group I and II, but showed no change in Group III. The results suggest that quantitative measurement of cerebral blood flow using 123I-IMP SPECT by photic stimulation may enable more detailed assessment of brain cell function.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Clinical trial of prophylactic hepatic arterial chemotherapy for liver metastases in patients with Dukes' C colorectal cancer].

Preliminary results of a prospective non-randomized trial of prophylactic hepatic arterial chemotherapy for liver metastases from colorectal cancer are presented. Twenty-two colorectal cancer patients (infusion group) in Dukes' C stage were given hepatic arterial infusion of 5-FU (500 mg/body for 1 hr per week, repeated 50 times) and peroral UFT-E (2.0 g/body, daily). Informed consent was obtained from all patients. Adverse effects and postoperative recurrence in the infusion group were compared with those of patients with UFT-E alone (control group). Complications related to hepatic arterial infusion in the infusion group were also demonstrated. There was no adverse effect in the control group, while diarrhea (grade 1) developed in one patient (5%) and pigmentation in five (24%) in the infusion group. Complications related to infusion were found in five patients (5%). Three patients in the infusion group presented with metachronous hepatic lesions, two of which were resected successfully. In the control group, one patient died of marked hepatic metastases, and one developed ovarian metastasis with lymph node involvement. Our regimen appears hematologically safe, however, the high frequency of pigmentation should be kept in mind. The oncological benefit of this chemotherapy would be clarified by a larger series of cases and longer follow-up.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1999

[Partial liver resection with small skin incision for multidisciplinary treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma].

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is likely to be detected as multiple intrahepatic metastases, and trans-arterial embolization (TAE) is the treatment of choice. However, other therapy is needed when TAE is not effective for a tumor. We performed partial liver resection with small skin incision in two such patients. One patient had two HCCs of segment 6 (S6) and S7, and TAE was performed twice. However, HCC of S7 was viable, and we partially resected the tumor of S7. In the other patient, HCC was multiple in segment 6 and 7. TAE was performed three times, and in segment 6 we detected a tumor which grew into the extrahepatic space and seemed uneffected by TAE. We performed a partial resection of liver segment 6. After 3 months, TAE was repeated in the latter. The operation time was about three hours, and no blood transfusion was performed. Two of the patients were discharged on the 13th postoperative day. We concluded that partial liver resection with small skin incision was useful for one case of multidisciplinary treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[A case of liver metastases of rectal carcinoid successfully treated with hepatic arterial infusion of methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil].

Standard therapy for liver metastasis from colorectal carcinoid remains controversial because of the rarity of the disease. We report herein a case of rectal carcinoid with multiple liver metastasis successfully treated with hepatic arterial infusion of methotrexate (MTX) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). A 65-year-old woman underwent posterior pelvic exenteration and hepatic arterial catheterization for rectal carcinoid involving the vagina associated with multiple liver metastases. Hepatic arterial infusion of MTX (50 mg/body) and 5-FU (500 mg/body) was started and repeated with a frequency of twice a week postoperatively. After 40 cycles of this chemotherapy, all but the largest metastatic lesion disappeared, and the largest decreased in size by 53%. The partial response was maintained for 7 months. Her performance status did not deteriorate throughout the period of the chemotherapy. These results suggest that hepatic arterial MTX/5-FU is safe and worth trying in patients with liver metastases from colorectal carcinoid.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Usefulness of POCT in critical care medicine].

The need for speedy and accurate test results is becoming increasingly urgent in the areas of emergency medicine and ICU. The form of emergency testing is changing from conventional testing conducted by laboratory technicians to point-of-care testing (POCT) performed by the doctor or nurse. Therefore, the skill and time of the technician, which used to be expended for emergency testing, is now utilized for maintenance and precision control of POCT equipment so that the doctors and nurses can conduct POCT with confidence at all times. We also attempted point of prehospital care testing (POPCT), comprised of prehospital care and POCT. Here, the laboratory technician rides with the doctor to provide patient information to the clinicians from the perspective of a laboratory technician in the field to support emergency treatment. This has not yet been made fully practical, but the usefulness of POCT in critical care medicine seems to be essential to the forthcoming advanced emergency medicine, considering its usefulness outside the hospital environment.

Critical Care↗
PubMed1999

Invasive thymoma with intracaval growth extending and directly invading the right atrium.

We report an extremely rare case of an invasive thymoma with intracaval growth extending and directly invading the right atrium. Enbloc excision of the tumor with lobectomy and combined resection of the right atrium, and graft replacement of the superior vena cava were successfully performed during cardiopulmonary bypass. Invasive thymoma with this type of intracaval and intra-atrial progression is extremely rare.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Glycan specificity of myelin-associated glycoprotein and sialoadhesin deduced from interactions with synthetic oligosaccharides.

Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and sialoadhesin (Sn) bind to sialylated glycans on cell surfaces and are thought to be involved in cell-cell interactions. In order to investigate how the interactions of these proteins are influenced by the glycan structure, we compared the inhibitory potencies of different synthetic monovalent oligosaccharides and polyvalent polyacrylamide derivatives. Using oligosaccharides with modifications in the sialic acid, galactose or N-acetylglucosamine moieties, we could demonstrate that both MAG and Sn bind with high preference to alpha2,3-linked sialic acid and interact at least with the three terminal monosaccharide units. For MAG, contacts with even more distant monosaccharides are likely, since pentasaccharides are bound better than trisaccharides. Also, an additional sialic acid at position six of the third-terminal monosaccharide unit enhances binding to MAG, whereas it does not influence binding to Sn significantly. Modifications of the sialic acid glycerol side chain demonstrated that the hydroxy groups at positions 8 and 9 are required for binding to both proteins. Surprisingly, MAG binds 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid significantly better than N-acetylneuraminic acid, whereas Sn prefers the latter structure. These results indicate that the interactions of MAG and Sn are mainly with sialic acid and that additional contacts with the subterminal galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues also contribute to the binding strength, although to a lesser degree.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Endogenous nitric oxide inhibits glucose-induced insulin secretion by suppression of phosphofructokinase activity in pancreatic islets.

The physiological role of nitric oxide (NO) on the mechanism of insulin secretion is unknown, but some studies suggest that NO affects glucose metabolism in pancreatic beta-cells. We have aimed at clarifying the physiological role of endogenous NO and its target in the glucose metabolism of beta-cells. The expression of brain-type NO synthase (bNOS) was detected in pancreatic islets by Western blotting. Under the condition of elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentration induced in the beta-cells by high glucose and forced depolarization by 40 mM K+, the generation of NO from the islets was enhanced. This increase was suppressed by the NOS blockers, N-iminoethyl-l-ornithine (L-NIO), and exposure to Ca2+-free extracellular solution. In addition, the NOS blockers L-NIO and 7-nitro indazole (7-NI) enhanced glucose-induced but not glyceraldehyde- or KIC-induced insulin secretion. In an in vitro enzyme study, the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) suppressed phosphofructokinase activity and activated glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase activity, but SNP significantly inhibited the combined activity of the enzymes. This suggests that endogenous NO has an inhibitory role on insulin release induced by glucose and that its underlying mechanism is the suppression of phosphofructokinase activity in glycolysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

The antiarrhythmic agent cibenzoline inhibits KATP channels by binding to Kir6.2.

We reported previously that cibenzoline, an antiarrhythmic agent, inhibits the ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels of pancreatic beta-cells through a binding site distinct from that for glibenclamide. In the present study, we have determined the locus of the action of cibenzoline on KATP channels reconstituted with mutant Kir6.2 and SUR1. We expressed a C-terminal truncated Kir6.2 (Kir6. 2DeltaC26) with and without SUR1 in COS7 cells. Both Kir6.2DeltaC26 and Kir6.2DeltaC26 + SUR1 formed functional KATP channels. Glibenclamide inhibited Kir6.2DeltaC26 + SUR1 channels but failed to inhibit Kir6.2DeltaC26. In contrast, cibenzoline inhibited equally Kir6.2DeltaC26 and Kir6.2DeltaC26 + SUR1 channels, in a dose-dependent manner, the half-maximal concentrations of channel inhibition being 22.2 +/- 6.1 and 30.9 +/- 9.4 microM, respectively. Furthermore, we determined also that [3H]cibenzoline bound to Kir6. 2DeltaC26. These findings confirm that cibenzoline inhibits KATP channels by a novel inhibitory mechanism in which cibenzoline directly affects the pore-forming Kir6.2 subunit rather than the SUR1 subunit.

ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters↗
PubMed1998

Expression of membrane-bound transferrin-like protein p97 on the cell surface of chondrocytes.

A concanavalin-A-binding protein of 76 kDa was purified from the plasma membrane fraction of rabbit chondrocyte cultures. Amino acid sequencing of the N-terminal region and of tryptic peptides of the protein, in addition to sequencing of its cDNA revealed that this protein is highly similar to the tumour-associated antigen p97. Hence, it was concluded that this protein is the rabbit form of p97. Western blotting, Northern blotting and reverse-transcription PCR analyses indicated that rabbit p97 is expressed at high levels in cartilage and chondrocytes, but is barely detectable in the bone, liver, kidney, small intestine, eye, pancreas, heart, testis, skeletal muscle, spleen and fibroblasts. Immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that p97 is expressed in the plasma membrane of chondrocytes. p97 transcript was detected in all zones of the cartilage but the level was relatively low in the hypertrophic zone. These findings suggest that p97 is involved in maintaining the cell surface characteristics of chondrocytes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Ouabain suppresses ATP elevation in response to fuel secretagogues in pancreatic islets.

The alterations of the ATP concentration in response to fuel secretagogues such as glucose, glyceraldehyde, and ketoisocaproate (KIC) were investigated in a single islet. The intraislet ATP concentration was transiently elevated and then decreased to a level slightly higher than basal. To asses the ATP content under conditions of reduced ATP consumption, the Na-K pump blocker ouabain was used. The elevation of ATP concentration was found unexpectedly to be suppressed under ouabain in the islet, even when incubated with any of the secretagogues. High glucose did not elevate the intracellular creatine phosphate during incubation with ouabain. Since the suppression rate for the intraislet ATP elevation was considerably smaller with KIC than with glyceraldehyde and glucose, we conclude that ouabain inhibits ATP production, at least in part, in the glycolytic pathway through a feedback mechanism.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1998

Dynamic structure of subtilisin-eglin c complex studied by normal mode analysis.

Normal mode analysis of subtilisin-eglin c complex was performed to investigate the dynamics at the interface between the enzyme and the inhibitor. The internal motions of the complex calculated from the normal modes were divided into three parts: the internal motions changing the shape of each molecule, the external rigid-body motions changing their mutual dispositions, and the coupling between the internal and external motions. From the results of the analysis, the following characteristic features were found in the dynamics at the interface regions: 1) negative correlation between the internal and external motions within each molecule, and 2) positive correlation between the external motions of the two molecules. The former decreases the apparent amplitudes of motions at the interface. The latter minimizes the interference between individual motions of the two molecules. These dynamic characteristics allow the enzyme and the inhibitor to move as freely as possible. This finding suggests that the experimental evidence of the large entropy gain on binding should be attributed not only to strong hydrophobic interactions, but also to the dynamic structure of the complex, which is found to minimize an unavoidable loss of the conformational entropy on binding.

Models, Molecular↗