Inhibitory effect of glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives on lipoxygenase and prostaglandin synthetase.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
H Inoue
Publications and source records attributed to H Inoue.
A study on entrainment in various forms of tachycardias.
In order to study the entrainment phenomenon in various forms of clinical and experimental tachycardia, overdrive pacing was performed in clinical paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (6 cases), atrial flutter (AF-6 cases), ventricular tachycardia (VT-2 cases), experimental AF induced by Rosenblueth's method (5 dogs), and in VT induced by aconitine (5 dogs). Progressive fusion was demonstrated in all but aconitine-induced VT. After cessation of pacing, the first tachycardia complex showed no fusion at all, but the timing of the complex varied depending on the recording sites of the electrogram. The tachycardia complex occurred at the pacing rate only when the electrogram was recorded at the upstream of the pacing site along the reentry circuit in PSVT and experimental AF. In clinical VT, the complex appeared progressively later as the pacing rate was increased. In aconitine-induced experimental VT, the complex occurred at its original tachycardia rate originating from the site where aconitine was applied. In reentrant tachycardia, entrainment could be observed even when all three of the diagnostic criteria proposed by Brugada et al. were not fulfilled. The mechanism of tachycardia can be assessed by entrainment, although the proposed criteria should be reevaluated.
Animals↗
[Comparison of experimental diabetes induced by streptozotocin and cyproheptadine].
It is generally accepted that Diabetes mellitus is caused by the endocrinological functional disturbance of the pancreas, decreasing available insulin for carbohydrate metabolisms. Diabetes mellitus is not necessarily related to hypoinsulinemia, and some senile subjects show diabetic symptoms although the insulin levels in their blood are within the normal range. Therefore, in order to examine the cause of Diabetes mellitus, the glucose tolerance test is usually given as a routine laboratory method to monitor the pancreatic endocrine functions. The pattern of decreasing glucose level in blood will tell us what is the cause of the disease. In testing the effects of anti-diabetic drugs, experimental diabetic conditions have been prepared by various methods, and recently streptozotocin (STZ) and cyproheptadine (CPH) have been successfully used to induce diabetic conditions of various degrees. In the present study, degree of disturbance of the pancreatic functions by STZ and CPH were compared, and in addition, disturbance of organs other than the pancreas was also examined biochemically. When a high dose of STZ was given, irreversible disfunction of glucose level normalizing and insulin secreting abilities was observed. Serum GOT, GPT, lysosomal enzyme activities and lysosomal enzyme activity in the liver and pancreas decreased in high dose STZ administered rats. Low dose STZ disturbed the pancreatic endocrine function less than that in high dose STZ, and the blood glucose level normalizing function was reversibly disturbed. Insulin secretion decreased, and normalized on discontinuation of low dose STZ administration. Low dose STZ also disturbed organs other than the pancreas as in high dose STZ.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Amylases↗
[Stimulation of pituitary-adrenocortical system by cepharanthine].
We observed that cepharanthine might exert its anti-allergic action by stimulating the secretion of corticosterone. The present experiments were carried out to investigate stimulation of the pituitary-adrenocortical system by cepharanthine. Administration of cepharanthine to rats produced increases in plasma and adrenal corticosterone levels. Administration of cepharanthine to propranolol pretreated rats also produced increases in plasma and adrenal corticosterone levels and plasma ACTH level. The elevation of corticosterone level induced by cepharanthine was considered to be the specific effect of cepharanthine. Cepharanthine did not increase plasma corticosterone level in rats in the state of dexamethasone suppression of the pituitary-adrenocortical system, in which the level was lowered. Administration of cepharanthine to Bordetella pertussis vaccine induced beta-adrenergic blocked rats also produced increases in plasma and adrenal corticosterone levels. The production and release of corticosterone from an adrenal cell suspension were not influenced by cepharanthine in vitro. These results suggest that cepharanthine stimulates the pituitary-adrenotropic function.
Adrenal Glands↗
[Effects of iodine-enriched egg (IE-egg) on nasal allergy: basic and clinical investigations].
The effect of iodine-enriched egg (IE-egg) on nasal allergy was investigated using an experimental allergic model. In addition, the effect of IE-egg was investigated using patients with yearly nasal allergy. IE-egg could suppress the leakage of pontamine sky blue dye in the experimental allergic model. beta-Glucuronidase activity in the perfusate was suppressed with the ingestion of IE-egg. The symptoms of the patients with yearly nasal allergy were mitigated by the ingestion of IE-egg. beta-Glucuronidase activity in the pituita of nasal allergic patients tended to be decreased.
Alkaloids↗
[Effects of cepharanthine on experimental nasal allergy].
The anti-allergic actions of cepharanthine were examined using experimental nasal allergy rats (rhinitis models). In the actively sensitized rhinitis models, leaks of pontamine sky blue (PSB) dye in the perfusate of the nasal cavity were suppressed by cepharanthine treatment. Leaks of PSB dye in the perfusate were also suppressed by ketotifen treatment. beta-Glucuronidase activity in the perfusate was lower in the cepharanthine group and in the ketotifen group. In the passively sensitized rhinitis models, leaks of PSB dye in the perfusate were suppressed by cepharanthine treatment. Leaks of PSB dye in the perfusate in the ketotifen group were also suppressed. However, beta-glucuronidase activity was not different among the three groups. Cepharanthine (0.025-25 mg/kg body weight) and ketotifen (0.1-10 mg/kg body weight) inhibited leaks of PSB into the perfusate in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that cepharanthine may be clinically effective for treating patients with nasal allergy, and its anti-allergic mechanism may be the same as that of ketotifen.
Alkaloids↗
Effect of synthetic atrial natriuretic polypeptide on hemorrhage-induced adrenocorticotropin secretion of the rat.
The effect of synthetic alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP) on the in vivo and in vitro release of ACTH and corticosterone was examined. In the in vivo study ACTH and corticosterone responses to rapid 2-ml/rat hemorrhage were measured in sixteen conscious rats after alpha-hANP administration. The hemorrhage increased plasma ACTH and corticosterone concentrations in the control group of rats (p greater than 0.01). ANP inhibited hemorrhage-induced ACTH secretion (p less than 0.05), but the plasma corticosterone response was not affected. In the in vitro study a high concentration of ANP (1 microM) reduced basal corticosterone secretion from the isolated rat adrenal gland (p less than 0.05), but the response to ACTH (10 ng/ml) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (0.5 mM, 5.0 mM) was not affected. Our data suggest that ANP inhibits hemorrhage-induced ACTH secretion from the anterior pituitary but inhibits corticosterone secretion from the adrenal gland very weakly.
Adrenal Glands↗
Effects of (D-ala2, met5)-enkephalinamide and naloxone on ACTH and corticosterone secretion.
An intravenous administration of (D-ala2, met5)-enkephalinamide (DALA) caused a significant elevation of plasma ACTH and corticosterone at 10 to 20 min after injection in unanesthetized freely moving rats. An intraperitoneal administration of cyproheptadine tended to reduce plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels at 60 min after injection, but it did not attenuate the DALA-induced ACTH and corticosterone elevation. A large dose of naloxone (1-10 mg/kg body weight) caused a significant elevation in plasma corticosterone, but naloxone at 10 mg/kg body weight reduced the basal ACTH level and DALA-induced ACTH elevation. When both DALA and naloxone were injected, the steroidogenic effect was attenuated. Neither DALA nor naloxone affected the basal ACTH release and CRF-induced ACTH stimulation in rat anterior pituitary cell cultures. These results suggest that DALA acts at the extra-hypophyseal level to stimulate ACTH and corticosterone and that the naloxone stimulatory effect on steroidogenesis acts on the adrenal gland or is mediated by stimulating corticosterone stimulating factors other than ACTH.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and vasopressin concentration in major brain regions after adrenalectomy and their involvement in adrenalectomy-induced ACTH elevation.
CRF and vasopressin concentrations in major brain regions after bilateral adrenalectomy and their involvement in adrenalectomy-induced ACTH secretion were investigated. At 5, 14 and 28 days after bilateral adrenalectomy, the plasma ACTH level was greatly elevated, whereas hypothalamic CRF content was reduced at 5 days and was not changed at 14 and 28 days after adrenalectomy. The CRF concentration in the medulla oblongata was reduced at 2-4 weeks after adrenalectomy. On the other hand, the arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentration was significantly elevated 2-4 weeks after adrenalectomy. An intrajugular administration of anti-ovine or anti-rat CRF serum significantly suppressed the elevated plasma ACTH level in adrenalectomized, freely moving rats, whereas anti-AVP serum or antipressor AVP antagonist, dpTyr(Me)AVP did not suppress the ACTH level. These results indicate that CRF played an important role in the adrenalectomy-induced ACTH elevation but that vasopressin was not involved.
Adrenalectomy↗
[Pathological study on nephrocalcinosis in Fischer 344/Du Crj rats].
Histopathological examinations on nephlocalcinosis of the Fischer 344 (F344) rats were carried out. As the results of comparison on its appearance among F344, Wistar and SD strains of rats, F344 female rats showed the most severe nephrocalcinosis. Nephrocalcinosis developed between 4 weeks and 8 weeks and was likely to keep its appearance through 108 weeks of the survival period of the rats. Histologically, mineral deposit was always observed at cortico-medullary junction. It seemed to locate at the outer portion of the basement membrane of the tubular epithelium, adjacent to the capillary wall in the connective tissue. Four weeks after ovariectomy at 4 weeks of age, the rats showed a decrease in degree of nephrocalcinosis. In contrary, the rats treated with estorone following ovariectomy revealed an increase in degree of nephrocalcinosis. It was suggested that the oestrogen-type sex hormone appeared to give a role in nephlocalcinosis.
Animals↗
Tissue reaction around loosened prostheses: a histological, X-ray microanalytic and immunological study.
Tissue reactions at the cement-bone and artificial implant-bone interface were examined light and electron microscopically in thirty-six patients who underwent revisory operation of hip or knee replacement. The reactions were classified into three types: inert tissue, active tissue with giant cell proliferation, and active tissue with predominant foamy cell proliferation. The third type of reaction was found only in total hip replacement with bone cement. No evidence of allergic reaction to implanted materials was found in any replacement, though active cellular infiltrations were observed around loosened prostheses especially in cemented arthroplasty. The tissue reactions always occurred around instable or loosened prostheses. Thus, the present study shows that mechanical instability is the primary cause of such undesired tissue reactions.
Bone and Bones↗
Effective bromocriptine therapy for large, calcified prolactinoma--pathogenesis of calcifications.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adenoma, Chromophobe↗
[A simulation study to evaluate the statistical noise and spatial resolution in image reconstruction of emission computed tomography--with respect to the optimization of the filter function in the convolution integral].
Filtered backprojection method has been commonly used to reconstruct images in the field of the computed tomography (CT). However, in the emission CT such as positron and single photon CT, poor counting static which are caused by limited dosage to patients, limited counting rate capacity and limited efficiency of the imaging device, produce a statistical noise in the reconstructed image. The magnitude of the statistical noise and the spatial resolution were evaluated for various shapes of the filter used in the convolution integrals of the filtered back-projection procedure. The statistical noise was proportional to the inverse of the root of the total number of counts for any filters. The high-frequency-cut characteristic of the filter reduced the statistical noise, but increased the spatial resolution in the images. It was possible to optimize the shape of the filter for given total number of counts and required statistical noise and spatial resolution.
Humans↗
Aldgamycin G, a new macrolide antibiotic.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
[A case of amylase-producing ovarian tumor].
A 51-year-old woman with ovarian carcinoma with hyperamylasemia is reported. She was admitted to Osaka General (JNR) Hospital in July 1982. A cystic tumor was palpated in the pelvis. Serum amylase, mainly the salivary type, in electrophoresis, had increased to 1583 Smith-Roe units/dL, while the pancreas was normal on ultrasonography and CT. Chemotherapy (MFC) was performed, and laparotomy revealed bilateral ovarian tumors. Histologically, they were serous cystadenocarcinoma. Serum and urinary amylase values dropped to the normal range after chemotherapy and surgery, and varied directly with the clinical course. Immunohistochemically, amylase was demonstrated in the tumor tissue by the PAP method. In conclusion, amylase was a useful marker in the diagnosis and follow-up of the present patient.
Amylases↗
[Abnormalities of blood coagulation and effect of anticoagulant therapy in postoperative patients with lung cancer].
To evaluate coagulable state, beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) levels have been followed sequentially in 70 postoperative patients with lung cancer. Nineteen out of them were treated with warfarin plus ticlopidine at a dosage enough to prolong the thrombo-test time to approximately 20% of normal value. There was a significant rise in beta-TG compared with control subjects and beta-TG was correlated with stages of disease. Serial beta-TG determinations revealed that beta-TG and CEA levels fairly paralleled with each other which suggested beta-TG might be useful in following tumor progression or response to therapy in postoperative period. As to the relation between beta-TG levels and five-year survivals, patients whose beta-TG were under 50 ng/ml showed more favorable prognoses than those who had higher levels. Long term anticoagulation with warfarin plus ticlopidine reduced the beta-TG levels of 19 stage 3 or 4 patients, especially in stage 4 the rate of reduction was marked. Nineteen patients with anticoagulant-treated group demonstrated a more prolonged time from beginning of treatment to first evidence of disease progression than 18 non-treated patients. Also anticoagulant-treated group had a more prolonged clinical course than non-treated group after disease progression. These results might be associated with disease stabilization which achieved with anticoagulant therapy. Survival at 30 months after initiation of treatment was 74% in the treated group and 64% in the nontreated group. Although there was no statistical difference in two groups, survival of treated group exceeded that of the non-treated group throughout the observation period. In stage 4 patients, however, the difference between two groups was statistically significant.
Adult↗
[Chemoembolization therapy of liver cancer combined with lipiodol and OK-432 intra-arterial administration].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
[Transfer of cefmenoxime to lung tissue and thoracic muscle in thoracic surgery].
Twenty patients who were performed pulmonary resection for the disease of the lung were administered 2 g of cefmenoxime (CMX) intravenously during the operation. The CMX levels in serum, lung tissue and thoracic muscle were measured by agar-well technique. The CMX levels in lung tissue and thoracic muscle were higher than the MIC80 of CMX for Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae which were commonly as isolated causative organisms from the patients with pulmonary infection. These results indicate that CMX will be useful agent for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary infection.
Adolescent↗