Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Inoue

Publications and source records attributed to H Inoue.

At least 1,513 records · Page 84Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Contribution of the vagal nerve on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea-pigs].

Recently, it has been suggested that the peripheral vagal nerve might participate in the bronchoconstriction locally in addition to the concept of "vagal reflex". We investigated the contribution of the vagal nerve on the modulation of airway responses to histamine (8 micrograms/kg, iv) in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated guinea-pigs. Airway responses were assessed by measurement of pulmonary resistance (RL). To determine whether the vagal nerve mediates excitatory effects by "vagal reflex" in guinea-pigs, we investigated the effects of vagotomy or hexamethonium (2 mg/kg, iv). Increase in RL induced by histamine was significantly enhanced after the vagotomy or the treatment of hexamethonium. Histamine-induced bronchoconstriction was also enhanced by the vagotomy in the animals after the administration of propranolol (1 mg/kg, iv). To determine whether the peripheral vagal nerve may play any role in the vagotomized animals, we investigated the effect of atropine (1 mg/kg, iv). Atropine reduced histamine-induced bronchoconstriction significantly in the vagotomized guinea-pigs or in the animals treated with hexamethonium. We conclude that the vagal nerve mainly exerts on inhibitory role through the central nervous system, and that the peripheral vagal nerve distal to ganglion plays an excitatory effects by releasing acetylcholine from the terminals in histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea-pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Biosynthesis of a renin binding protein.

The biosynthesis of a porcine renin binding protein (RnBP), which specifically binds to renin and forms an inactive high molecular weight renin, was investigated. mRNAs from various porcine tissues were used to investigate in vitro protein synthesis. The kidney mRNA directed the synthesis of a high level of RnBP, whereas the liver, adrenal and pituitary gland mRNAs gave as low but significant level of it. The in vitro synthesized RnBP as well as the immunologically detected RnBP synthesized in vivo had the same molecular weight, 42,000, as that of the purified protein. Moreover, both the human and rat kidney mRNAs directed the synthesis of this protein identified with an anti-porcine RnBP antibody. These results strongly indicate that RnBP, present in various mammalian species, is synthesized in renin-producing tissues as the mature size and undergoes binding with renin without proteolytic processing.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1989

Design of RNA enzymes distinguishing a single base mutation in RNA.

RNA enzymes (ribozymes) which can cleave RNA by recognizing sequences of 9-15 bases are described. Substrates must contain UX (X = U, C or A). A ribozyme consisting of two oligoribonucleotides (19 mer and 15 mer) was shown to cleave a ribo 11 mer catalytically with Km and kcat values of 0.53 microM and 0.03 min-1, respectively. A non-cleavable substrate-ribozyme complex containing 2'-O-methylnucleoside was prepared and CD spectra were compared at different temperature. In order to obtain an efficient ribozyme, a one-strand RNA with a chain length of 37 was prepared. The ribozyme was shown to distinguish a single base mutation in mRNA's which were prepared by transcription of two synthetic DNA duplexes coding for positions 7-26 of c-Ha-ras protein. The mutant (Val-12) mRNA which had GUU was cleaved but the wild type mRNA which contained GGU was not changed, when treated by the ribozymes in the presence of Mg2+.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Age- and sex-specific cumulative rate and risk of ATLL for HTLV-I carriers.

We have surveyed the incidence of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) in an endemic area of 290,464 inhabitants for 7 years. We now revise our previous results on the basis of additional findings and estimate the age- and sex-specific cumulative rate for HTLV-I carriers, the adoption of which is recommended by current cancer epidemiology as a new age-standardized incidence rate. An unequivocal age-dependent increase in seroprevalence was observed for both sexes with a characteristic predominance in females. The age-dependent seroconversion in females may be partly explained by additional infection from infected husbands to their wives but the reason for men remains obscure. The mean annual number of incident cases of ATLL was 11.4, giving 3.9 ATLL patients annually per 10(5) inhabitants, 6.1 per 10(5) inhabitants aged over 30, and 85.0 per 10(5) seropositives aged over 30. Crude annual incidence rate of ATLL among 10(5) male seropositives aged over 30 was 145.3 and that for females was 55.2 and 95% confidence intervals of ATLL incidence rates were 34.8 to 255.7 for males and 6.4 to 104.1 for females, respectively. Although the sex ratio of 80 ATLL patients was 1.35, males are more prone to the disease (46 male patients among 4,522 male seropositives aged over 30 vs 34 female patients among 8,801 female seropositives aged over 30; p less than 0.001) for unknown reason(s). Morbidity in male seropositives aged over 30 is 2.6 times as high as that of females. Decennial incidence rates in males in their fifties and sixties were significantly higher than those in females. The remarkable male preponderance in oncogenicity of HTLV-I may be due to the fact that men are more prone to the disease and the number of female carriers in the denominator used to calculate the incidence rate is larger than that of males. The whole life span (0-79) cumulative risk for males was 6.9% and significantly higher than that of females (2.95%).

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Diacylglycerol kinase defect in a Drosophila retinal degeneration mutant rdgA.

The Drosophila visual mutant rdgA is known to show age-dependent retinal degeneration with defective diacylglycerol (DG) kinase activity. In this study we examined DG kinase activity of several visual mutants and found that only rdgA mutant eyes showed the lack of DG kinase activity in a gene dosage-dependent manner. The enzyme activity is already absent at the time of eclosion from pupal case when the degeneration is not yet apparent. To examine whether rdgA gene dosage effect holds for other enzymes related to the phosphatidylinositol turnover, phospholipase C was analyzed which did not show any gene dosage effect. Therefore, it is strongly suggested that rdgA gene correlates closely with DG kinase activity, and the defect of DG kinase activity is a primary cause of retinal degeneration in rdgA mutant.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Rat pyruvate kinase M gene. Its complete structure and characterization of the 5'-flanking region.

Genomic clones containing the rat pyruvate kinase M gene, which encodes the M1- and M2-type isozymes, were isolated and their exon sequences were determined. This gene contains 12 exons and 11 introns and is 20 kilobases (kb) long. The sequences specific to the M1- and M2-types exist in exons 9 and 10, respectively (Noguchi, T., Inoue, H., and Tanaka, T. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 13807-13812). The seventh intron begins with the GC dinucleotide instead of the consensus GT dinucleotide, but other exon-intron boundaries are consistent with the "GT-AG" rule. S1 mapping analysis showed that M1- and M2-type mRNAs had multiple, but the same transcription initiation sites. Thus, the M1- and M2-type isozyme mRNAs are concluded to be produced from the same M gene transcript by alternative RNA splicing. RNA blot hybridization analysis indicated that developmental changes of the isozymes in brain and skeletal muscle were regulated at the level of RNA splicing. The 5'-flanking region of the gene has no "TATA box" or "CAAT box," but contains potential Sp1 binding sites. Bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay revealed that a fragment of about 0.5 kb of the 5'-flanking region of the gene was sufficient for promotor activity in the rat hepatoma cell line, dRLh-84. This activity was not present in adult rat hepatocytes, indicating that the 0.5-kb fragment has tissue-specific promoter activity. A processed-type pseudogene that resembles the M2-type pyruvate kinase cDNA was also characterized.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Establishment of an anti-A human monoclonal antibody from a blood group A lung cancer patient: evidence for the occurrence of autoimmune response to difucosylated type-2 chain A.

A human monoclonal antibody, NCC-HAL-27, has been established by a combination of transformation by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and a newly devised "micro cell fusion" technique. Lymphocytes used were derived from a blood group A lung cancer patient. Cancer cells, as well as normal epithelial cells of lung, stomach and colon (including autologous tissue) from blood group A individuals, fixed in formalin, were immunohistochemically stained by the antibody. A higher concentration (greater than 140 mg/ml) of the antibody agglutinated only type-A (not B or 0) erythrocytes. The structural specificity of NCC-HAL-27 was determined by particle-concentrated fluorescence immunoassay and thin-layer chromatography immunostaining using purified, well-defined glycolipids. The antibody was found to be directed against type-2 chain A and difucosylated type-2 chain A antigens with no cross-reactivity with known A-like antigens, such as Tn and Forssman antigen, generally expressed irrespective of ABO status. Interestingly, however, the antibody detected the expression of incompatible A antigen in colon cancers of B and 0 individuals with high incidence (30%-40%). The finding that a monoclonal antibody generated from a blood group A cancer-bearing host is directed against autologous A antigen is novel because the ABO blood group antigens are the major alloantigens in man, with strictly controlled immunotolerance. The induction of anti-A in this patient could, therefore, be directly associated with the lung cancer.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1989

Stimulation of cartilage-matrix proteoglycan synthesis by morphologically transformed chondrocytes grown in the presence of fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta.

The effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) on the synthesis of cartilage-matrix proteoglycan by cultured rabbit chondrocytes were examined. Rabbit chondrocytes were seeded at low density and exposed to a 1:1 mixture of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and Ham's F-12 medium supplemented with 0.5% fetal bovine serum, 1% bovine serum albumin, 50 micrograms/ml ascorbic acid, and 2 x 10(-7) M hydrocortisone (Medium A). Various combinations of TGF-beta, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) were also added to Medium A, and the chondrocytes were grown to confluency. Chondrocytes grown with TGF-beta or FGF alone became flat or fibroblastic, those grown with FGF and TGF-beta became very elongated and formed distinct foci, and those grown with FGF and IGF-I showed the spherical configuration characteristic of overtly differentiated chondrocytes. Nevertheless, the incorporation of 3H with glucosamine into the large, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan synthesized by cultures with FGF and TGF-beta was similar to that in cells grown with FGF and IGF-I and five times that in cells cultured with FGF alone. The increases in incorporation of 3H reflected real increases in proteoglycan synthesis, because chemical analyses showed an increase in the accumulation of macromolecules containing uronic acid in cultures with FGF and TGF-beta or with FGF and IGF-I. However, FGF in combination with either TGF-beta or IGF-I had little effect on the incorporation of 3H into small proteoglycans or hyaluronic acid. These results indicate that chondrocytes morphologically transformed with TGF-beta and FGF fully express the differentiated proteoglycan phenotype rather than the transformed glycosaminoglycan phenotype.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Identification of fetal hemoglobin in blood stains by high performance liquid chromatography.

A new method for the identification of fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) in blood stains by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography is described. Differentiation between fetal and adult blood stains is based on the existence of gamma-chain peaks which are characteristics of Hb F. Very few gamma chains appeared on chromatograms of all the adult blood stains examined. The level of Hb F could be determined by measuring the total of chromatogram gamma-globin chain areas, and expressing it as a percentage of total Hb. Levels in six cord blood stains on filter paper ranged from 81.1% to 91.3% and remained constant for at least 12 weeks. This method is of great value for its simplicity, sensitivity and speed, and most importantly for its reliability in the field of forensic medicine.

Abortion, Illegal↗
PubMed1989

Two distinct cell lines derived from a human osteosarcoma.

Two cell lines were established from a human osteosarcoma transplanted into athymic nude mice after the second (O9N2) and fifth passages (HuO9). Both cell lines expressed 1,25(OH)2D3-responsive alkaline phosphatase activity and produced tumors in the dorsum of nude mice that were histologically similar to the original tumor. However, the morphological and growth characteristics of the two cell lines differed. O9N2 cells were large and polygonal, whereas HuO9 cells showed spindle shapes. HuO9 cells had a higher growth rate and saturation density than O9N2 cells. The c-myc oncogene was amplified 4- to 8-fold in HuO9 cells but not in O9N2 cells. Both cell lines had a homozygous internal deletion, lacking the 7.4-kb HindIII fragment in the Rb gene. The results suggest the importance of the c-myc oncogene in the growth and morphological control of human osteosarcoma cells and of the Rb gene in the pathogenesis of the tumor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

A case of Gilbert's syndrome combined with macroamylasemia.

A 30-year-old Japanese male, who had no remarkable family history, visited our hospital with a complaint of abdominal pain, and unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and hyperamylasemia were observed. He showed negative hemolysis tests, positive nicotinic acid test, low hepatic bilirubin UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity, decreased bilirubin diglucuronide and increased bilirubin monoglucuronide in bile, and a decrease in serum bilirubin after phenobarbital administration. He also showed high serum amylase level, low urine amylase level, and low amylase-creatinine clearance ratio. Gel filtration of serum with Sephadex G-200 revealed the existence of macroamylase. Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis proved binding of serum amylase to lambda type IgA. From these results, the case was diagnosed as Gilbert's syndrome combined with macroamylasemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A large degenerated subserous leiomyoma of the uterus: uncommon scintigraphic and ultrasonographic findings.

Bone imaging is commonly used as a sensitive indicator of metastatic bone diseases or other bone pathology. Furthermore, it is now generally known that technetium-99m (99mTc) phosphonates tend to concentrate in various tissues other than bones. Ultrasonography is also widely used for the evaluation of pelvic masses. Ultrasonography is especially useful for detecting a cystic mass. We present a case where the uptake of 99mTc phosphonate compounds occurred in the entire abdomen, and ultrasonography suggested a diagnosis of pseudomyxoma peritonei, but the condition was later proven to be degeneration of giant subserous leiomyoma of the uterus. We have found two interesting features in this case. One is the 99mTc phosphonate concentration in the large cystic and hyaline degeneration of subserous leiomyoma of the uterus without calcification, and the other is the sonographic finding of a large echogenic mass with innumerable small anechoic areas. To our knowledge, no cases of 99mTc phosphonate concentration in non-calcified leiomyoma of the uterus have been demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Further observations on entrainment of atrial flutter in the dog.

To determine whether the first postpacing interval after entrainment was affected by recording and pacing sites, overdrive atrial pacing was undertaken in 13 episodes of atrial flutter with a mean flutter cycle length (FCL) of 140 +/- 8 msec induced in seven dogs. Atrial flutter was induced by means of an anatomic obstacle. Seven recording sites, four in the right atrium and three in the left atrium, and three pacing sites, two in the right atrium and one in the left atrium, were selected. After entrainment from the right atrium at pacing cycle lengths that were 94% of the FCL, the first postpacing interval was not significantly different from the intrinsic FCL at each recording site, but it tended to be shorter than the FCL at the recording sites near pacing sites. For entrainment from the left atrium, the first postpacing interval was longer than the FCL at recording sites in the left atrium (p less than 0.001), but it was not different from the FCL at recording sites in the right atrium. These results are due to differences in placement of recording and pacing electrodes relative to the reentrant circuit. Also we observed that activation sequences involving three appropriately selected recording sites were always identical when paced from two different pacing sites at a single constant pacing cycle length. This new phenomenon may best be explained by postulating reentry as the mechanism for atrial flutter.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Electrophysiologic alterations produced by hypoxia in the canine heart.

The purpose of this study was to test whether hypoxia caused simultaneous stimulation of sympathetic and vagal cardiac nerves. To do this, we determined in chloralose-anesthetized, open-chest dogs, changes in sinus cycle length (SCL), atrioventricular nodal conduction time (AH interval), and effective refractory periods (ERP) of the right atrium (RA) and left ventricle (LV) during hypoxia induced by either hypoventilation or by breathing 10% oxygen in nitrogen. We found that hypoventilation decreased arterial pH (mean +/- SE: 7.365 +/- 0.011 versus 7.244 +/- 0.013, p less than 0.001) and Po2 (105.2 +/- 3.6 versus 50.5 +/- 2.0 mm Hg, p less than 0.001), and increased Pco2 (24.4 +/- 0.7 versus 41.9 +/- 1.1 mm Hg, p less than 0.001). SCL (373 +/- 19 versus 485 +/- 35 msec, p less than 0.001), AH interval (92 +/- 4 versus 111 +/- 6 msec, p less than 0.005), and LVERP (159.8 +/- 3.2 versus 162.0 +/- 3.3, p less than 0.05) lengthened, while RAERP shortened (137.7 +/- 2.6 versus 128.8 +/- 3.5, p less than 0.001). After bilateral vagotomy, these electrophysiologic changes were attenuated, and transection of ansae subclaviae following vagotomy did not affect hypoventilation-induced changes that were present after vagotomy alone. In contrast, breathing 10% oxygen decreased Po2 (104.2 +/- 3.3 versus 48.1 +/- 1.7, p less than 0.001) but did not change pH and Pco2. SCL lengthened slightly (444 +/- 15 versus 463 +/- 17, p less than 0.001), but other measured electrophysiologic parameters were not affected. The norepinephrine concentration in the coronary sinus blood increased by 109% to 121% during hypoxia induced by both methods. Hypoventilatory hypoxia blunted sympathetic-induced shortening of LVERP and potentiated vagally-induced SCL lengthening. Neither type of hypoxia affected induction of atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias by programmed electrical stimulation. We conclude that the electrophysiologic response during hypoventilatory hypoxia is due primarily to heightened vagal tone. Norepinephrine concentration in the coronary sinus blood more than doubled, but did not alter cardiac electrophysiologic properties, possibly because of simultaneous increase in vagal tone, or possibly due to the release of adenosine or other factors that impaired cardiac electrophysiologic response to elevated norepinephrine levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Direct write-out of particle size distribution of inhaled aerosol deposition using a laser scattering method.

We developed a device to measure inhaled aerosol deposition in the lung from the difference in particle size distribution of the aerosol during inspiration and expiration. To measure quantity and size distribution of nebulized aerosol particles directly at the subject's mouth we used a He-Ne gas laser scattering technique. To test the reliability of the instrument, we measured particle size distributions of saline aerosols generated by four kinds of nebulizer and compared the results with those from a Malvern 2600D particle sizer as a standard of comparison. Measured mass median diameters (MMDs) were almost identical by both methods. Aerosol deposition in five normal subjects showed that the deposition fraction of the particles increased the larger the particle sizes inhaled. The data suggest that the newly developed aerosol spectrometer can directly analyze aerosol particle size distribution at the mouth during tidal breathing, and that the instrument is useful for quantitative analysis of aerosol inhaled and of inhaled aerosol deposition.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1989

A rat mutant cell clone showing temperature-dependent transformed phenotypes with functional expression of the src gene product.

The cellular mutant B814 isolated from a Fischer rat cell line shows temperature-sensitivity of focus formation on infection with Moloney murine sarcoma virus (Mo-MSV) and Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). An RSV-transformed clone (S814-2) isolated from B814 cells shows temperature-sensitive transformed phenotypes for morphology, growth in soft agar, and glucose uptake. The expression, phosphorylation, and tyrosine kinase activity of pp60v-src in S814-2 were not affected at the nonpermissive temperature, and virus rescued from this clone had wild-type transforming ability, suggesting that a cellular factor altered in S814-2 is responsible for the cellular steps of transformation after the function of pp60v-src. In addition, the cellular 36K protein, a possible candidate as a target of pp60v-src, was phosphorylated at the nonpermissive temperature in S814-2, indicating that phosphorylation of the 36K protein is not correlated with transformed phenotypes.

Animals↗