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Biomedical subjects

H Inoue

Publications and source records attributed to H Inoue.

At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Selective adhesion of platelets on a polyion complex composed of phospholipid polymers containing sulfonate groups and quarternary ammonium groups.

We investigated the effects of electrical charges on cell-polymer interactions of poly[2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine(MPC)-co-n-butyl methacrylate (BMA)] (PMB) having excellent blood compatibility, by copolymerizing anionic or cationic methacrylates with MPC and BMA. A polyion complex (PIC) composed of anionic and cationic MPC copolymers was also prepared. When the cell adhesion on these polymer surfaces from rabbit whole blood was evaluated, we observed a considerable reduction in cell adhesion on the MPC copolymers compared with that on poly(BMA), even when the MPC copolymer was electrically charged. On the other hand, many platelets selectively adhered to the PIC surface from whole blood, but the adherent platelets maintained a discoid shape. The amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in platelets adherent on the PMB or the PIC from a platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was more than 75% of that in the original PRP, which indicated that the activity of these platelets remained high. However, in the platelets adherent to poly(BMA), only a small amount of ATP remained. Protein adsorption on the polymer surface from human plasma was investigated using a gold-colloid-labeled immunoassay against albumin gamma-globulin, and fibrinogen. Many of these proteins adsorbed on poly(BMA), whereas a small amount of protein was observed on the MPC copolymers that had an electrical charge. Albumin adsorption and suppression of gamma-globulin and fibrinogen adsorption were found on the PIC. Therefore, the introduction of electrical charges in the PMB did not have an adverse effect on cell adhesion and protein adsorption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1994

Degradation of p53 only is not sufficient for the growth stimulatory effect of human papillomavirus 16 E6 oncoprotein in human embryonic fibroblasts.

Certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV), such as types 16 and 18, are thought to be responsible for the development of cervical carcinomas. The E6 and E7 genes of these viruses have transforming activities in various cultured cells and their mRNAs and proteins are expressed in almost all cervical carcinoma cells. Inactivation of the tumor suppressor p53 protein by the E6 gene is believed to be critical for transformation by these oncogenic HPVs. To determine whether degradation of the p53 protein is, in fact, sufficient for cellular transformation by the E6 gene, the E6 gene of HPV16 was introduced into human embryonic fibroblasts (HEF) using recombinant murine retrovirus and examined whether reduction of the p53 protein could substitute for the E6 function. It was found that HEF cells transfected with the E6 gene showed an increased saturation density and degraded the p53 protein. However, when expression of the p53 protein in normal HEF cells was suppressed by the antisense oligonucleotide of the p53 gene, growth stimulation was not observed. These results show that the E6 gene stimulates growth of HEF cells, but that this activity involves some other E6 gene-mediated functions than degradation of the p53 protein.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Incidence of latent infection of Epstein-Barr virus in lung cancers--an analysis of EBER1 expression in lung cancers by in situ hybridization.

To evaluate the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in lung cancers of Japanese patients, 81 lung cancers were examined using a highly sensitive in situ hybridization (ISH) method, employing an antisense oligonucleotide probe for EBV-encoded small nuclear RNA-1 (EBER). EBER1 expression was demonstrated in one poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma associated with marked lymphoid stroma (PDSCC-LS), two well differentiated adenocarcinomas, and two moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, but was not detectable in other lung cancers, including small cell carcinomas. Unlike lymphoepithelioma-like undifferentiated carcinoma (LELC) of the lung, the PDSCC-LS consisted of poorly differentiated cells with distinct cell borders and nuclei with a coarse chromatin pattern and some prominent nucleoli. Most of the cancer cells expressed intense EBER1 signals. Although small to moderate numbers of cells positive for EBER1 were present in two adenocarcinomas and two squamous cell carcinomas, EBER1 signals varied in intensity and number in these four cases. Although polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot hybridization with a 32P-labelled probe internal to the primers were conducted to detect the EBV genome in 24 lung cancers, including five EBER1-positive cases, the genome was found to be positive in the five cases with EBER1-positive staining, including the PDSCC-LS, two adenocarcinomas and two squamous cell carcinomas, but not in the other cases. This study indicates that the morphological features of EBV-associated lung cancers are not restricted to the typical LELC type.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Suppression of the transformed phenotype in hybrids of human T-cell leukemia virus type I tax-transformed rat fibroblasts and normal human fibroblasts.

We have isolated and characterized hybrid cell lines derived from Rat-2 cells transformed by the human T-cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-I) Tax protein fused with WI-38 normal human fibroblasts. These hybrid cells (designated as RTW cells) showed contact inhibition after growing to confluency, loss of anchorage-independent growth in 0.33% soft agar, and inability to form tumors in athymic mice. Assays of transcription from the HTLV-I long terminal repeat (LTR) demonstrated that Tax-mediated trans-activation of its own promoter was fully maintained in RTW cells, implying that functional Tax is expressed in these cells. Our results indicate that WI-38 cells contain a suppressor gene(s) which can block Tax-mediated cell transformation without interfering its trans-activation of the HTLV-I LTR.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Ipratropium bromide protects against bronchoconstriction during bronchoscopy.

Pulmonary function is reportedly impaired by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. We investigated the effect of two anticholinergic agents, intramuscular atropine and inhaled ipratropium bromide, on bronchoconstriction in 29 patients who were undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy. The patients were divided into three groups; the first received 0.5 mg of atropine intramuscularly; the second took four puffs of 0.02 mg ipratropium bromide aerosolized by a metered-dose inhaler, and the third inhaled four puffs of a placebo. Fifteen minutes later a standardized topical anesthetic, lidocaine, was administered, and a bronchoscopic examination was performed. Pulmonary function was measured before and 15 minutes after each step. Pulmonary function was not affected by the treatment with anticholinergics or the placebo. In the placebo and the atropine groups, the topical anesthesia produced significant reductions in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR); further reductions in these values were observed after bronchoscopy. In the group treated with ipratropium bromide there were no significant changes in FEV1 and PEFR after topical anesthesia. Bronchoscopy induced significant reductions in FEV1 and PEFR, but the changes were significantly smaller than those seen in the placebo and atropine groups. The results suggest that the deleterious effect of bronchoscopy on pulmonary function is due to topical lidocaine anesthesia and to the bronchoscopic examination itself. Inhaled ipratropium bromide protects against these deleterious effects, whereas intramuscular atropine does not.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1994

Airway epithelial cells modulate cholinergic neurotransmission in dog trachea.

We investigated the effects of epithelial cells on excitatory cholinergic neurotransmission in dog trachea, to shed more light on the role of airway epithelial cells in regulating airway responsiveness. Airway epithelial cells were prepared by an enzymatic dissociation of the tracheal mucosa using protease-free collagenase. Tracheal smooth muscle contractions evoked by electrical field stimulation (EFS) or acetylcholine (ACh) were measured before and after the application of epithelial cells. Isolated and dispersed epithelial cells (3 x 10(5) cells/ml) suppressed the amplitude of the twitch-like contractions evoked by EFS in the combined presence of guanethidine sulfate (10(-6) M) and indomethacin (10(-5) M). In contrast, epithelial cells did not affect the contraction evoked by exogenously applied ACh. Atropine (10(-6) M) or tetrodotoxin (10(-7) M) abolished the contraction evoked by electrical field stimulation. These findings indicate that airway epithelial cells inhibit the excitatory neurotransmission of the vagus nerve, presumably by suppressing the release of ACh. Airway epithelial cells may therefore play an important role in regulating the response of smooth muscle.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1994

VIP antagonists enhance excitatory cholinergic neurotransmission in the human airway.

It has been reported that a low concentration of exogenously applied vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) suppresses the release of acetylcholine (ACh) from vagus nerve terminals in the ferret and feline trachea. There has been, however, no documentation of the prejunctional action of VIP in the human airway. We observed the effects of VIP and VIP antagonists on cholinergic excitatory neuro-effector transmission in the human bronchus to study the possible role of endogenous VIP on excitatory neurotransmission. In the human bronchus, VIP (10(-10) to 10(-7) M) showed no effect on either the contractions evoked by electrical field stimulation (EPS) or those evoked by ACh. To investigate the possible role of endogenous VIP on the human bronchus, we observed the effects of the VIP antagonists [4-Cl-D-Phe6,Leu17]-VIP and [Ac-Tyr1,D-Phe2]-GRF(1-29)-NH2 on excitatory neuro-effector transmission. Both VIP antagonists (10(-8) M) significantly enhances the contractions evoked by EFS without affecting the ACh sensitivity of smooth muscle cells. These results indicate that VIP antagonists have a prejunctional action that enhances excitatory neurotransmission. This study suggests that endogenous VIP may suppresses ACh release from the vagus nerve terminals in the human airway. It is also suggested that exogenously applied VIP may be inactivated by some mechanism in the human airway.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1994

Amino-acid alterations in the beta-tubulin gene of Neurospora crassa that confer resistance to carbendazim and diethofencarb.

We have previously shown that increased sensitivity to diethofencarb in the carbendazim(MBC)-resistant F914 strain of Neurospora crassa is caused by a single amino-acid change in beta-tubulin, 198Glu to Gly. Three diethofencarb-resistant mutants that are also resistant to MBC were isolated from strain F914. They contained single base-pair-substitution mutations in the beta-tubulin gene. The amino acid changes in beta-tubulin, Phe from 250Leu, Val from 165Ala, and Ala from 237Thr, were responsible for diethofencarb-resistance in the mutant strains FR511, FR513, and FR421, respectively. The amino acid at position 198 of beta-tubulin in these mutants was Gly, which is the same as in strain F914. beta-tubulin genes with 198Glu were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis. The altered beta-tubulin genes derived from FR511 and FR421 transformed the wild-type strain to resistance to MBC, indicating that 250Phe and 237Ala in beta-tubulin are responsible for resistance not only to diethofencarb but also to MBC.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Single-port laparoscopy assisted appendectomy under local pneumoperitoneum condition.

We describe herein a novel, simplified technique of laparoscope-assisted appendectomy under local pneumoperitoneum condition. A 12-mm-outer-diameter laparoscope fitted with a transparent plastic cap is inserted through a single, small, open laparotomy incision. This scope has a 5-mm working channel for insertion of the multifunctional metallic catheter which maintains the local pneumoperitoneum condition. When we have located the inflamed appendix by tracing the tenia of cecum, we use the grasping forceps protruding from the working channel of this laparoscope to grasp its tip or root on the cecum. This allows us to pull the appendix up and out through the small incision and to resect it in the conventional surgical way. This procedure permits the surgeon to perform appendectomy by making only one small incision under spinal anesthesia, and also eliminates development of the intracavitary concomitant diseases.

Appendectomy↗
PubMed1994

Mapping of transcriptional regulatory domains of pseudorabies virus immediate-early protein.

The 180 kilodalton immediate-early protein (IE180) of pseudorabies virus functions as a strong transactivator of several different promoters and also as a repressor of its own transcription. To map the functional domains of IE180, we prepared various truncated mutants and analyzed their transcriptional regulatory activities using the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) assay. Analysis of mutants truncated from the carboxy-terminal end of the 1,460-amino acid polypeptide showed that a polypeptide possessing amino acids 1 to 1,081 retained significant functions of transactivation and autoregulation potential. On the other hand, removing amino acids 1 to 131 resulted in a complete loss of transactivation potential, indicating that the domain responsible for transactivation is located in the amino-terminal end of IE180. Additional amino-terminal truncation up to amino acid 453 did not affect the autoregulation activity, indicating that the region between amino acids 454 and 1081 has autoregulation potential.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome occurring after an emergency operation for traumatic duodenal perforation: report of a case.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a potentially fatal complication which may develop in psychiatric patients taking neuroleptic drugs. We report herein the successful treatment of a 33-year-old schizophrenic man, prescribed neuroleptic drugs, who underwent an emergency operation for traumatic duodenal perforation with a retroperitoneal infection. Five days after the operation, he began to demonstrate clinical features consistent with NMS such as high fever, abnormalities in vital signs, leukocytosis, and an elevated serum level of creatine phosphokinase; however, these findings were first presumed to be secondary to either the preexisting tissue injuries or to postoperative complications. A definite diagnosis of NMS was thus delayed until muscle rigidity and autonomic instability became evident. After a tentative diagnosis of NMS had been made, sodium dantrolene, a drug used specifically for the treatment of NMS, was administered and the patient's condition remarkably improved. Since NMS can be induced by either interrupting the course of neuroleptic drugs or by the additional administration of sedative drugs, and since its mortality rate is high if prompt and appropriate treatment is not carried out, surgeons should bear in mind the possibility of NMS developing postoperatively in psychiatric patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Serum levels of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6 in patients with chronic pancreatitis.

To investigate the role played by cytokines in chronic pancreatitis, we examined serum levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 33 patients with definitively diagnosed chronic pancreatitis. All the patients, who had received either no treatment or only digestive enzyme products for their chronic pancreatitis, had significantly elevated serum IL-1 beta levels (38.5 +/- 28.8 pg/ml, mean +/- SD), compared to normal controls (16.0 +/- 6.7 pg/ml; P < 0.01); however they showed no changes in serum IL-6 levels. Changes in IL-1 beta and IL-6 serum levels were not correlated with the etiological features of pancreatitis or with complications due to liver diseases. Serum IL-1 beta and IL-6 levels were also not correlated with the activity of any pancreatic enzymes in blood or urine. However, in the patients with chronic pancreatitis, serum IL-6 levels were correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP), whereas serum IL-1 beta levels were not correlated with CRP or with erythrocyte sedimentation rate. These results suggest that serum IL-1 beta is involved in the progression and reduction of chronic inflammation of the pancreas, and that the serum IL-1 beta level may be useful as a marker for chronic pancreatitis.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1994

Pupillary responses in normal subjects following auditory stimulation.

To clarify pupillary responses of humans following auditory stimuli, we studied both eyes of 61 normal subjects using a computed pupillograph. Unilateral auditory stimulation elicited pupillary dilatation in all cases. Pupillary responses were classified according to duration as being either "long" or "short". The duration of dilatation was 1530 +/- 320 ms (mean +/- SD) in the long-lasting group (n = 45) and 850 +/- 250 ms in the short-lasting group (n = 16). The latency time for dilatation was 460 +/- 80 ms. Both eyes of each subject showed the same response. Two drops of 10% guanethidine, a sympathetic blocking agent, were applied to one eye of 3 subjects. Although the early phase of dilatation was barely affected, the late phase was inhibited, as seen in long-lasting dilatation. The short-lasting response was unaffected. We conclude that the long-lasting response consists of an early pupillary dilatation due to inhibition of parasympathetic nervous activity and a late dilatation due to excitation of sympathetic activity. The short-lasting response is produced only by inhibition of the parasympathetic component.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1994

Low-dose intratympanic gentamicin treatment of Menière's disease.

To control attacks of vertigo while preserving both hearing and labyrinthine function, low doses of gentamicin were instilled intratympanically in nine patients with intractable unilateral Meniere's disease. Each patient received six instillations of antibiotic of 4 mg each (total dose, 24 mg). Patients were then followed for 2-4 years. Long-term results of treatment are reported according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 1985 criteria. Of the nine cases, three experienced complete control of vertiginous attacks, while six received substantial control. Post-treatment hearing acuity was unaffected, although disability following treatment became worse in one patient, a 66-year-old man. Caloric responses after therapy were absent or severely reduced in three ears, moderately reduced in two ears and unchanged in four ears. In three patients, labyrinthine function was found damaged 4-8 days after administration of the last dose of drug. Overall, intratympanic instillations of low doses of gentamicin in patients with intractable Meniere's disease were found to control vertiginous attacks with less damage to the inner ear function than that reported in the literature.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1994

Profiles of resting potentials across the stria vascularis in kanamycin-deafened guinea pigs.

The resting potentials of the marginal cells in the stria vascularis of the guinea pig were determined from changes in the combined electrode-tissue resistance of the electrode. The resistance of the electrode was 45.5 +/- 16.0 M omega (n = 20) before penetration of the stria vascularis and 46.7 +/- 17.3 M omega (n = 20) after penetration. The resistance drops across the luminal membrane of the marginal cells were 46.0 +/- 22.6 M omega (n = 12) in kanamycin-deafened guinea pigs and 54.5 +/- 33.1 M omega (n = 9) in normal guinea pigs. The endocochlear potential (EP) and resting potentials in the marginal cells were 90.1 +/- 6.0 mV (n = 14) and 70.4 +/- 11.3 mV (n = 14) in kanamycin-deafened guinea pigs and 84.8 + 5.1 mV (n = 29) and 74.7 +/- 11.7 mV (n = 29) in normal guinea pigs. The resting potentials in the marginal cells decreased gradually and were approximately 0 mV around 20 min after anoxia in both kanamycin-deafened and normal guinea pigs. These changes were comparable to those of EP in kanamycin-deafened guinea pigs during anoxia. The mechanism of the EP in kanamycin-deafened guinea pigs is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Slow abnormal conduction in the low right atrium: its anatomic basis and relevance to atrial reentry.

To characterize slow abnormal conduction in the low right atrium, which is known to be responsible for atrial flutter, electrophysiologic findings were correlated with anatomic features in a canine model of atrial flutter with ligation of the crista terminalis in the midright atrium. Activation in the low right atrium was mapped with a patch electrode containing 52 bipolar electrodes and a multiplexing system. A particular region in the low right atrium showed atrioventricular node-like electrophysiologic properties, a rate-dependent conduction delay, and Wenckebach periodicity. This area coincided with an area responsible for slow conduction during atrial flutter and unidirectional block at its initiation. Both pilsicainide and E-4031 preferentially blocked conduction in the specific area, leading to the termination of atrial flutter. Although refractoriness could not explain the abnormal conduction, anatomic studies consistently found the specific region to be in or around a thick muscle bundle, that is, the crista terminalis, or a thick pectinate muscle branching from the crista, located perpendicular to the wavefront of the pacing impulse and atrial flutter. These electrophysiologic and anatomic findings suggest that slow abnormal and atrioventricular node-like conduction over a thick muscle bundle, which is a normal anatomic feature of the low right atrium, plays a role in the initiation, maintenance, and termination of atrial reentry.

Animals↗