Biomedical subjects

H Inaba

Publications and source records attributed to H Inaba.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

[Local recurrence in complete resection for non-small cell lung cancer].

307 patients with complete resection for non-small cell lung cancer between 1989 and 1996 were examined to evaluate the clinical features of local recurrence. Postoperative recurrence was observed in 104 of the 307 patients. At the first recurrence, local recurrences occurred in 21 (20%) of the 104 patients, distant metastases in 72 (69%), and combined recurrences in 11 (11%). 32 patients had local recurrences in 47 localizations, bronchial stump recurrences occurred in 11 (34%) of 47 localizations, hilarmediastinal lymph node metastases in 18 (56%), supraclavicular lymph node metastases in 10 (31%), contralateral mediastinal lymph node metastases in 1 (0%), and malignant effusion in 7 (22%). Lymph node metastases in the hilusmediastinum were the most common mode of the local recurrences (22%), and each mode of solely subclavian lymph node metastases and malignant effusion was 16%. The incidence of local recurrences increased as invasion into the lymphatic and/or blood vessels was demonstrated (p < 0.05). The results of our study implies that despite of lymph node dissection, latent disease persisted in the small lymphatic and/or blood vessels from hilus to subclavian sites. Postoperative adjuvant therapy including radiation will be beneficial to improvement of local control for patients invaded to lymph and/or blood vessels.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[Quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA by ultrasensitive method in the analysis of samples with low viral load].

With the introduction of combination therapy to the patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1(HIV-1) infection, HIV-1 RNA levels in plasma have been reduced, frequently to less than limit of quantitation(400 copies/ml). To achieve enhanced sensitivity, a modified specimen preparation procedure that allows the quantitation of plasma HIV-1 RNA levels as low as 50 copies/ml was developed. Of 67 samples with less than 400 copies/ml of HIV-1 RNA by standard method, 39(58.2%) were not detected by the "ultrasensitive" method. Among 5 samples obtained from patients who were treated with 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 4 samples still had detectable copies of HIV-1 RNA. Those suggest that the ultrasensitive assay for HIV-1 RNA has advantage for clinical practice.

HIV Infections↗

PubMed2000

[The relationship between the tumor uptake of gallium-67 and the effect of cisplatin-based preoperative chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for lung cancer].

Cisplatin has been usually used as the chemotherapy for lung cancer presurgically, though it is still difficult to predict downstaging of tumor from this drug. Four patients who underwent surgery achieved pathologic complete remissions in response to preoperative cisplatin-based chemotherapy with or without radiation. All of the Ga-67 citrate images in the four patients showed markedly increased uptake in tumors. According to the literatures, both Ga-67 and cisplatin binds to transferrin in the blood and transfers into the cells through transferrin-receptors expressed on the cell surface. The mechanism for Ga-67 and cisplatin uptake into tumor cells were alike. Marked tumor uptake on Ga-67 scintigraphy suggested that cisplatin-based chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy was efficacious.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

[A randomized crossover comparison of azasetron alone and azasetron plus dexamethasone for the prevention of nausea and vomiting by chemotherapy including cisplatin].

A randomized crossover study between azasetron alone and azasetron combined with dexamethasone was performed to investigate the prevention of nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy including cisplatin in patients with advanced head and neck carcinoma. The results indicated that the combination therapy with dexamethasone was more effective than azasetron alone in preventing nausea on days 1 through 5 after the administration of cisplatin and was significantly superior to azasetron alone on days 2 and 3. In addition, complete response (no vomiting) and the antiemetic and antinausea efficacy of combination therapy with dexamethasone on day 2 was significantly superior compared to azasetron alone. No adverse effect from either antiemetic therapy was observed in this study.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Two-dimensional photon counting imaging and spatiotemporal characterization of ultraweak photon emission from a rat's brain in vivo.

The process of metabolic reactions within living cells leads to spontaneous ultraweak light emission. The development of a system for highly sensitive imaging and spatiotemporal analysis of ultraweak photon emission from a rat's brain is reported in this paper. The equipment used in this experiment consists of a two-dimensional photon-counting tube with a photocathode measuring 40 mm in diameter, a highly efficient lens system, and an electronic device to record time series of a photoelectron train with spatial information. The sensitivity and ability to extract spatiotemporal information from sequential data of a single photoelectron train were examined. The minimum detectable radiant flux density of the system was experimentally estimated to be 9.9 x 10(-17) W/cm2 with a 1-s observation time. Spontaneous photon emission was demonstrated from an exposed rat's cortex in vivo without adding any chemical agent or employing external excitation. An image of ultraweak photon emission was compared with one obtained after cardiac arrest. The intensity after cardiac arrest was depressed to approximately 60% of before that. The regional properties of time courses of emission intensity were also demonstrated, indicating the potential usefulness for spatiotemporal characterization of photon emission with mapping of physiological information such as oxidative stress. This technology constitutes a novel method, with the potential to extract pathophysiological information from the central nervous system.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

mRNA expression of variant Fas molecules in acute leukemia cells.

Fas (Apo-1/CD95) is a cell membrane receptor involved in apoptotic cell death. Soluble variant forms (sFas) lacking the transmembrane domain due to alternative splicing have been identified. Up-regulation of sFas expression is reportedly implicated in prereceptorial blockage of Fas-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. We examined mRNA expression of Fas and sFas in fresh leukemia cells. All leukemia cells expressed both mRNAs of full-length Fas (FasFull) and sFas with deletion of exon6 (FasDel6). The ratio of FasFull/FasDel6 mRNA expression was not always correlated with Fas-mediated growth inhibition. Interestingly, in a 6-year-old boy with acute myelogenous leukemia, blast cells obtained at onset and at the time of bone marrow relapses expressed distinct amounts of FasDel6 mRNA. Furthermore, the level of FasDel6 expression appeared to be correlated with Fas-resistance in leukemia blasts. In addition, sFas protein levels were elevated in patients' sera at onset with subsequent return to normal levels after complete remission. These results indicated that sFas could be synthesized and released by leukemia blasts and suggested that up-regulation of Fas variant transcript might render leukemia blasts resistant to Fas-mediated growth inhibition in certain cases.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1999

The effective removal of proinflammatory cytokines by continuous hemofiltration with a polymethylmethacrylate membrane following severe burn injury: report of three cases.

The serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines were investigated in three patients with severe burn injuries complicated by sepsis and pulmonary edema, who were treated with continuous hemofiltration (CHF) using a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) membrane. All patients had suffered burn injuries to more than 30% of their total body surface area (TBSA) and had burn indexes of 20 or more. Both interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were detectable in one patient, while the serum IL-6 levels were elevated in the remaining two patients. The serum cytokines decreased 24 h after the initiation of CHF. Determinations of IL-6 in inflow and outflow blood samples as well as in the filtration fluid revealed that IL-6 was ultrafiltrated and/or adsorbed by the filter. Two of the three patients did not survive. Nevertheless, the results of this study indicate that since burn injuries are frequently associated with hypercytokinemia, the removal of cytokines by CHF with a PMMA membrane may be effective in the management of severe burn injuries.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

The effect of thorough preoperative disinfection on the incidence of postoperative mediastinitis.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of scrubbing the skin of patients scheduled to undergo elective cardiac surgery with disinfectant solutions in an attempt to reduce the incidence of the potentially fatal postoperative complication of mediastinitis. Since April 1991, we have routinely disinfected the skin of all such patients three times preoperatively. A retrospective comparison of the incidence of mediastinitis before and after April 1991 was carried out. Microbiological examinations of the anterior chest were conducted in ten patients admitted for elective operations, and in four patients admitted for emergency surgery. Specimens were obtained before each scrubbing, before the operation, and just after skin closure. There was a significant decrease in the general incidence of mediastinitis after April 1991 (P < 0.01). Microbiologically, significant decreases in colony counts were also observed after the first (P < 0.05) and second scrubbing (P < 0.05) in the ten patients specifically studied before elective surgery. No colonies grew in the postoperative specimens from any of these patients, but colony formations were observed in two of the four patients who underwent emergency surgery (P = 0.066). Thus, we conclude that our thorough disinfection method effectively achieves adequate, prolonged suppression of the skin flora, which explains the marked decrease in the incidence of mediastinitis in our hospital since its institution.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

In vivo imaging of spontaneous ultraweak photon emission from a rat's brain correlated with cerebral energy metabolism and oxidative stress.

Living cells spontaneously emit ultraweak light during the process of metabolic reactions associated with the physiological state. The first demonstration of two-dimensional in vivo imaging of ultraweak photon emission from a rat's brain, using a highly sensitive photon counting apparatus, is reported in this paper. It was found that the emission intensity correlates with the electroencephalographic activity that was measured on the cortical surface and this intensity is associated with the cerebral blood flow and hyperoxia. To clarify the mechanism of photon emission, intensity changes from whole brain slices were examined under various conditions. The removal of glucose from the incubation medium suppressed the photon emission, and adding 50 mM potassium ions led to temporal enhancement of emission and subsequent depression. Rotenone (20 microM), an inhibitor of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, increased photon emission, indicating electron leakage from the respiratory chain. These results suggest that the photon emission from the brain slices originates from the energy metabolism of the inner mitochondrial respiratory chain through the production of reactive oxygen. Imaging of ultraweak photon emission from a brain constitutes a novel method, with the potential to extract pathophysiological information associated with neural metabolism and oxidative dysfunction of the neural cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Measurement and prediction of hydrophobicity parameters for highly lipophilic compounds: application of the HPLC column-switching technique to measurement of log P of diarylpyrazines.

In the preparatory stage of structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies of anti-platelet aggregant pyrazine derivatives, log P values (P: 1-octanol/water partition coefficient) of diarylpyrazines were measured by a newly developed HPLC column-switching technique. The system consists of two processes: (1) adsorption of the sample at the top end of a short precolumn, and then (2) quantifying the enriched analyte by a conventional analytical column. By using the log P values thus obtained, the correction factor for the steric hindrance caused by the vicinal diphenyl groups was estimated. The log k values (k; retention factor) were also measured with methanol-buffer (pH 7.4) eluents and related to log P. The eluent of 50% methanol content (M50) gave a good linear relationship over a wide range of log P (-0.3< log P < 5.2), indicating that log k(M50) parameter is useful for predicting the log P value.

Chemical Phenomena↗

PubMed1999

Chromosome abnormalities and MLL rearrangements in acute myeloid leukemia of infants.

Of 29 infants with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 14 (48%) had various 11q23 translocations. MLL rearrangements were examined in 21 of the 29 patients, and 11 (52%) showed the rearrangements. 11q23 translocations and/or MLL rearrangements were found in 17 (58%) of the 29 patients. While all but one of the 17 patients with 11q23/MLL rearrangements had M4 or M5 type of the FAB classification, the 12 patients without such rearrangements had various FAB types, including M2, M4, M4EO, M6 and M7. Of the 12 patients with other chromosome abnormalities or normal karyotypes, two had inv(16) ort(16;16), one had t(1;22)(p13;q13), and two had a novel translocation, t(7;12)(q32;p13). The breakpoint on 12p of the t(7;12) was assigned to intron 1 or the region just upstream of exon 1 of the TEL/ETV6 gene by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The event-free survival at 5 years for the 17 patients with 11q23/MLL rearrangements was 42.2%, and that for the 12 patients without such rearrangements was 31.3% (P = 0.5544). 11q231MLL rearrangements have been frequently reported and a poor prognosis in infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia implied. Our study showed that while 11q23/MLL rearrangements were also common in infant AML, AML infants with such rearrangements had a clinical outcome similar to that of AML infants without such rearrangements.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1999

Epitopes and functional responses defined by a panel of anti-Fas (CD95) monoclonal antibodies.

Fas (CD95) is a cell surface glycoprotein that mediates apoptotic cell death when cross-linked with agonistic anti-Fas monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) or the endogenous Fas ligand. In this study, we investigated the in vitro biological properties of a panel of anti-human Fas MAbs. We found that five anti-Fas MAbs of IgG1 subclass (B.E28, B.G30, B.L25, DX2, and B.G34) induced marked apoptotic cell death in Fas-expressing leukemia cells, although this killing was delayed when compared to the cytolytic effect mediated by the prototypic anti-Fas MAb of IgM subclass (clone CH-11). On the other hand, four clones (ZB4, B.G27, B.D29, and B.K14) efficiently blocked apoptotic cell death induced by the CH-11 MAb or Fas ligand. The ability of these MAbs to inhibit cell death appeared to correlate with their relative affinity for the Fas molecule. Furthermore, different clones recognized the same epitope and elicited different effects (induction or inhibition of cell killing); conversely, different clones elicited the same effect but recognized different epitopes. These results suggest that the different biological effects of anti-Fas MAbs would not be mediated in an epitope-restricted manner. The relative binding affinity might correlate to some extent with the biological properties of the MAb.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Prevention by methylprednisolone of increased circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and lung injury associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome due to intraperitoneal hyperthermia.

UNLABELLED: We previously demonstrated that intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion (IPHP), which is performed clinically as a treatment for patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer, can lead to increased serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and acute lung injury. Glucocorticoids inhibit the production and actions of TNF-alpha. We investigated whether pretreatment with methylprednisolone (MPS) may modulate serum TNF-alpha and lung injury in patients subjected to IPHP. Serum TNF-alpha was not detected in the patients pretreated with MPS, whereas serum TNF-alpha increased in the control patients (45.7 +/- 8.3 pg/mL, mean +/- SEM) after IPHP. Postoperative lung injury scores were significantly lower in patients pretreated with MPS than in the control patients (P < 0.001). IMPLICATIONS: Pretreatment with methylprednisolone attenuates the increase in circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha and prevents lung injury in this systemic inflammatory syndrome due to intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Usefulness of procalcitonin in Pseudomonas burn wound sepsis model.

Procalcitonin (PCT), a precursor of calcitonin, and endotoxin were determined in the burn wound sepsis model in which 21 Sprague-Dawley rats were scalded approximately 30% on their back. On day 2 post burn, the wounds were inoculated 1 x 10(8) colony-forming units of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. On day 5 post burn P. aeruginosa was detected by blood culture in 10 of the 21 rats (47.6%). The mortality rate 7 days after burn was 90.5%. Significant correlations were observed between serum endotoxin levels and serum PCT levels on day 5 post burn (r = 0.860, p<0.001). It was suggested that endotoxin may induce the release of PCT and that measuring the levels of PCT may be useful in diagnosing burn wound sepsis.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Bcl-2 is located predominantly in the inner membrane and crista of mitochondria in rat liver.

Bcl-2 is now recognized as a potent inhibitor of apoptotic cell death. It has been reported that Bcl-2 is located in the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and nuclear membrane in some cell lines, and it is not expressed in normal human and rat liver. An earlier study showed that Bcl-2 is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein. On the contrary, the following investigations using immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that Bcl-2 resides predominantly in the mitochondrial outer membrane. In this study, using a cryo-sectioning immunogold labeling technique and immunoblotting, we carefully determined the subcellular localization of Bcl-2. Here we report that Bcl-2 is expressed in normal rat liver, and it is located predominantly in the inner membrane and crista rather than in the outer membrane of mitochondria.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Down-regulation of Fas-associated phosphatase-1 (FAP-1) in interleukin-2-activated T cells.

Peripheral T cells are resistant to Fas receptor (FasR/CD95)-mediated apoptosis. After prolonged treatment with interleukin-2 (IL-2), these T cells develop a Fas-sensitive phenotype. To clarify the molecular mechanism of apoptosis susceptibility, mRNA expression of FasR-associated proteins [Fas-associating protein with death domain (FADD), receptor-interacting protein (RIP), and Fas-associated phosphatase-1 (FAP-1)] has been investigated in IL-2 activated T cells. Competitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that FADD and RIP mRNA were equally expressed in freshly isolated resting T cells and IL-2-activated T cells. In contrast, FAP-1 mRNA was produced more abundantly by Fas-resistant resting T cells than by Fas-sensitive activated T cells. These findings suggested that sensitivity to FasR-mediated apoptosis in T cells could be correlated with down-regulation of FAP-1 expression. Additionally, CD45RO+ memory T cells expressed a larger amount of FAP-1 mRNA than did CD45RA+ naive T cells.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗

PubMed1998

A novel method of assessing carcinoma cell proliferation by biophoton emission.

Changes in the emission intensities of ultraweak biophoton emission during the cell proliferation of human carcinoma cell culture (TE9 cell line) were detected using a highly sensitive and low noise measurement apparatus coupled with a flow culture system. In the sampling period of 93 h, the biophoton emission intensity from the culture followed a similar course as that of the growth curve. Spectral analysis of the biophoton emission from the cell culture demonstrated a significant peak at around 530 nm. Our results suggest that the emission intensity mainly depends on the cell population and that this noninvasive technique has a potential role in cancer diagnosis.

Carcinoma↗

PubMed1998

Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood and bone marrow for tumor cells in patients with neuroblastoma.

BACKGROUND: Several sensitive surveillance tests reportedly have been used to detect occult neuroblastoma (NB) cells in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM). They may be useful in monitoring minimal residual tumor cells. The authors report the feasibility and clinical usefulness of a sensitive flow cytometric assay that has been newly developed and evaluated to detect NB cells. METHODS: Nine NB patients and 15 healthy donors were included in the current study. Primary tumor tissues, BM, and PB were examined for the detection of NB cells using a triple-color flow cytometric assay. Tumor cells in PB and BM, isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, were used for morphologic studies and differential polymerase chain reaction analysis of N-myc gene amplification. RESULTS: Neuroblastoma cells consistently showed CD9+/CD56+/CD45- phenotype. Flow cytometric analysis could detect NB cells at a level of 1 per 10(4-5) cells. The CD9+/CD56+/CD45- cell population was absent in normal PB and BM. This assay identified occult NB cells, which were not detected by conventional cytology, in PB and BM obtained from six patients (one of two with Stage II and all five with advanced disease) at diagnosis. Residual NB cells also were detected in PB and BM during therapy. Neuroblast-like morphology and N-myc gene amplification of sorted cells confirmed that CD9+/CD56+/CD45- cells were truly NB cells. CONCLUSIONS: A triple-color flow cytometric assay was a sensitive and specific method to detect occult NB cells in PB and BM. This assay could be an additional component of surveillance testing for NB patients.

Antigens, CD↗