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Biomedical subjects

H I Libshitz

Publications and source records attributed to H I Libshitz.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Mediastinal metastases from prostatic carcinoma.

We reviewed the frequency of intrathoracic metastases of prostatic cancer at initial presentation in 1,435 patients seen from 1968 to 1978. Of these patients 75 (5.2 per cent) had intrathoracic metastases, including nodular metastases in 60 (4.2 per cent), mediastinal adenopathy in 9 (0.6 per cent), mediastinal adenopathy and pulmonary nodules in 3 (0.2 per cent), and lymphangitic pulmonary metastases in 3 (0.2 per cent). Mediastinal adenopathy in patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate has not been emphasized previously. Responses to therapy are described. In addition to the 9 patients with mediastinal adenopathy at presentation 7 had mediastinal metastases during the course of the disease.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

CT manifestations of radiation-induced change in chest tissue.

The computed tomographic appearance of acute and chronic radiation change in the thorax is described. Acute radiation pneumonitis demonstrates patchy, confluent regions of increased pulmonary attenuation. Chronic changes include soft tissue density fibrotic changes that blend smoothly with the pleural surfaces and adjacent mediastinal structures. Also seen are bronchiectatic changes and distortion of normal intrathoracic anatomic relationships. Both the acute and chronic changes usually make linear lateral margins with adjacent aerated lung. Development of a discrete mass or focal cavitation after the radiation changes have become stable is suspect for recurrent tumor or infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Radiation-induced osteochondromas.

Radiation-induced osteochondromas, either single or multiple, occur more commonly than is generally recognized. The incidence following irradiation for childhood malignancy is approximately 12%. Any open epiphysis is vulnerable. Age at irradiation, time of appearance following therapy, dose and type of radiation, and clinical course in 14 cases are discussed. Due to growth of the lesion and/or pain, 3 tumors were excised. None revealed malignant degeneration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Metastasis to the breast.

Cross-lymphatic metastasis from one breast to the other is the most frequent type of metastatic involvement of the breast. Melanoma, lung, ovary, and sarcoma are the most common types of blood-borne metastases to the breast from extramammary sites. The most common radiographic findings in patients with blood-borne metastases to the breast are single or multiple discrete nodules. Lymphoma or leukemia may involve the breast primarily but more often as part of a widespread process. Their presentation varies from discrete to ill-defined masses and may be obscured by underlying benign proliferative changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Radiographic evaluation of therapeutic response in bony metastases of breast cancer.

Response to chemotherapy was evaluated in 50 previously untreated patients with bony metastases of breast cancer. Lytic metastases respond in a definite sequence: sclerotic rim, filling-in, uniformly blastic, uniform fading. Increase in size of lytic areas of destruction in previously responding areas signals worsening. Mixed metastases are considered as beginning with a sclerotic rim. Response is otherwise similar. Particular attention is paid to the lytic areas. Blastic metastases are considered as beginning at the uniformly blastic stage. Progression is marked by a volumetric increase in blastic change or destruction in blastic regions. Change occurs slowly. Review of multiple studies is often necessary to reach the correct conclusion and clinical history is necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Pneumonia in hairy-cell leukemia.

Hairy-cell leukemia (HCL) is an unusual malignant hematologic disorder involving splenomegaly, pancytopenia, and circulating mononuclear cells with prominent cytoplasmic projections. As in most forms of leukemia, the risk of pulmonary infection by normal pathogens and opportunistic invaders alike is high. HCL may be associated with granulomatous infections of the lung, especially mycobacterioses. Of the authors' series of 33 patients, 9 had a fungal or mycobacterial infection, including 5 atypical mycobacterial species. Five of the 6 patients with mycobacterioses and 1 of the 3 with fungal pneumonia survived the infection with appropriate therapy. Granulomatous infections, particularly mycobacterioses, should be seriously considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary parenchymal disease in a patient with HCl.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Aspergillosis and mucormycosis: two types of opportunistic fungal pneumonia.

A temporal sequence of characteristic radiographic abnormalities in aspergillosis and mucormysis, two types of opportunistic pneumonia, is presented. The first manifestation is a rounded pneumonia with irregular margins, which slowly increases in size and sometimes in number. Progression to hemorrhagic pulmonary infarction is common. Nonspecific diffuse pneumonia may develop. Hematogenous dissemination to the lungs from a distant source produces a miliary-nodular pattern. In an immunocompromised patient, this sequence of findings should lead to either appropriate diagnostic procedures or empirical institution of antifungal therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Radiotherapy changes of the pediatric hip.

Significant radiation-induced abnormalities (aseptic necrosis of the femoral heads, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, radiation-induced sarcoma) were identified in eight of 44 patients aged 16 years or younger at the time of radiotherapy and followed for at least 3 years. The incidence is 18% in the entire group and 25% (8/32) if only patients with radiographs of the hips 3 or more years after therapy are considered. The first evidence of abnormality developed 13 years after irradiation in one patient. The need for long term follow-up of therapeutically irradiated children is stressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Opportunistic fungal pneumonias in cancer patients.

The chest radiographic abnormalities in 92 patients with autopsy proven fungal pneumonias (Candida, 50 patients; Aspergillus, 35 patients; Mucoraceae, four patients; Cryptococcus, two patients; and Histoplasma, one patient) in immunosuppressed cancer patients were reviewed, Aspergillus and Mucoraceae most commonly produced solitary or multiple regions of rounded pneumonia that slowly increased in size and/or number and ultimately produced hemorrhagic pulmonary infarctions. Candida most commonly produced a radiographically nonspecific bronchopneumonia. Any of the fungi may produce a miliary-nodular pattern on the chest radiograph. The miliary-nodular pattern was more frequently seen with Candida. All of these radiographic patterns are nonspecific and may be mimicked by other pathologic processes. However, when placed in the proper clinical setting, the findings become much more specific. They tend to develop at the nadir of the patients' chemotherapeutic induced leukopenia and occur most commonly in patients with hematologic malignancies who have received extensive broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Central nervous system leukemia and lymphoma: computed tomographic manifestations.

Computed tomographic (CT) abnormalities in the brain were identified in 31 of 405 patients with leukemia or lymphoma. Abnormalities included neoplastic masses (15), hemorrhage (nine), abscess (two), other brain tumors (four), and methotrexate leukoencephalopathy (one). CT was normal in 374 patients including 148 with meningeal disease diagnosed by cerebrospinal fluid cytologic examination. Prior to treatment, malignant masses were isodense or of greater density with varying amounts of edema. Increase in size or number of the masses indicated worsening. Response to radiation and chemotherapy was manifested by development of a central low density region with an enhancing rim. CT findings correlated with clinical and cerebrospinal fluid findings. The differential diagnosis of the various abnormalities is considered.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1980

Pulmonary abnormalities in patients intravenously receiving the methanol extraction residue (MER) of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin.

Eight of 64 patients receiving intravenous administration of methanol extraction residue (MER) of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), developed miliary-type pulmonary parenchymal changes. The clinical and radiological characteristics are described. An increased incidence was noted in patients with a history of previous BCG exposure or with positive PPD skin reactivity. Spontaneous resolution was observed upon discontinuation of MER. These changes most likely respresent a granulomatous inflammatory process, although no histological confirmation was obtained.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Cardiophrenic angel nodes: an unusual CT finding of advanced metastatic disease.

Computed tomography (CT) is increasingly being used in the chest and mediastinum. In the mediastinum it is used to distinguish benign from malignant lesions, such as metastatic nodes from benign mediastinal fat deposits (1, 2). These abnormalities are usually first seen on a routine chest film. However, nodal enlargement involving the cardiophrenic angle nodes may or may not be seen on routine chest roentgenograms, depending on the size and location of the lesion. The purpose of this report is to demonstrate the CT findings of advanced metastatic disease involving the cardiophrenic angle nodes. The possible clinical significance of these findings is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Malignant masses in the therapeutically irradiated breast.

Mammography is of value in following the response of malignant masses after radiation therapy. Clinical error in evaluating mass size may be considerable, particularly in large breasts or breasts that are contracted and firm. Mammograms of 40 patients treated primarily with irradiation for breast cancer, taken from 3 weeks to 130 months after treatment, were reviewed. The malignant mass markedly diminished or disappeared after radiation therapy in most patients. The rate at which such changes occur is temporally related to the irradiation. Residual radiographically or clinically identifiable mass may persist even in sterilized cancers. Scarring and/or distortion occur frequently. The necessity for mammographic evaluation to determine tumor response and possible recurrence is emphasized, and a mammographic schedule is suggested to facilitate follow-up.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

Radiation esophagitis in the opossum: radioprotection with indomethacin.

Twenty-five opossums (Didelphis virginiana) were evaluated before irradiation by fiberoptic endoscopy and air-contrast barium esophagram examination. All animals received 2250 rad 60Co-irradiation in a single exposure to the entire esophagus and lower exophageal sphincter. Animals received treatment with indomethacin before and daily for 1 wk postirradiation of 16, 16-dimethylprostaglandin E2 before irradiation and every 4 hr for 24 hr postirradiation. Control animals received only injection vehicle. Acute esophagitis occurred 7--10 days postirradiation in control animals and was characterized by erythema, ulceration, and sloughing of esophageal mucosa as determined by air-contrast barium esophagram, endoscopy, and histology. Prostaglandin-treated animals showed more severe evidence of esophagitis than control animals. Indomethacin-treated animals showed no signs or only mild esophagitis posttreatment. It is concluded that indomethacin treatment may significantly reduce the severity of radiation esophagitis perhaps by blockade of prostaglandin synthesis.

Animals↗