Biomedical subjects

H Hoshi

Publications and source records attributed to H Hoshi.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

Purification and molecular cloning of bovine oviduct-specific glycoprotein.

A specific 85-97-kDa (95-kDa) glycoprotein was found in bovine oviductal tissue and fluid during the follicular phase. In this study, a 95-kDa bovine oviductal glycoprotein (95-kDa BOGP) was purified by wheat germ agglutinin affinity and Mono-Q ion-exchange column chromatography. The first 29 NH2-terminal amino acid residues were determined by gas-phase microsequencing. A cDNA expression library prepared from poly(A)+ RNA isolated from bovine oviducts was screened with a monoclonal antibody to 95-kDa BOGP. A single positive clone containing a approximately 2-kb cDNA insert was isolated. The coding region contained 1612 bp translating to 537 amino acids. The derived amino acid sequence contained a partial signal sequence of 18 amino acids followed by 29 amino acids that were identical to the NH2-terminal amino acids determined by protein sequencing of purified 95-kDa BOGP. The amino acid sequence predicted a mature protein of 519 amino acids (57,684 daltons) containing one potential N-linked glycosylation site and five cysteines. Northern blot hybridization with a digoxigenin-labeled probe indicated that a single message of approximately 2.5 kb was present in oviductal RNA, and this message was detected in significantly greater amounts in oviductal RNA during the follicular phase than during the luteal phase. The amino acid sequence of a portion of 95-kDa BOGP was highly homologous (71% identity) to that of a baboon oviduct-specific glycoprotein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1994

Bone scintigraphy as a prognostic factor in patients with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma.

Bone scintigraphy in 26 patients with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATLL) was evaluated. Abnormally high accumulations were observed in 7 of 26 patients (skull, 5; vertebra, 1; rib, 6; bony pelvis, 1; scapula, 2; lower extremities, 1). Serum calcium levels were significantly elevated in patients with abnormally high accumulations on bone scintigraphy. Survival rates of the patients with positive results on bone scintigraphy were significantly lower than were those with negative results on bone scintigraphy (P < 0.05). Survival rates of patients with high serum calcium levels, high WBC counts, and high serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were also significantly lower than were those of the negative groups, in this order of significance. Bone scintigraphy was useful for detecting bone marrow involvement in ATLL and it can be one of the better indicators of the prognoses of patients with ATLL.

Bone and Bones↗

PubMed1994

Regional cerebral blood flow in diabetic patients: evaluation by N-isopropyl-123I-IMP with SPECT.

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured using N-isopropyl-123I-iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP) with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in 27 patients with diabetes mellitus with an average age of 64.1 years and with an average fasting plasma glucose of 145 mg dl-1. Their data were compared with those of 12 non-diabetic subjects with an average age of 64.6 years. None had cerebral infarction on computed tomographic (CT) studies. There were no significant differences in the physiological or laboratory data between the diabetic and non-diabetic groups except for their fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels. A reference sampling method using continuous arterial blood sampling was employed to quantify the rCBF. The average rCBF in each region of the cerebrum and cerebellum was significantly lower in the diabetic group than in the non-diabetic group (P < 0.01). Although a definite cause was obscure, the rCBF of the diabetic patients was reduced even in the absence of findings indicative of cerebral infarction on a CT study.

Amphetamines↗

PubMed1994

Extraocular muscles in Graves ophthalmopathy: usefulness of T2 relaxation time measurements.

PURPOSE: To determine if T2 relaxation time measurements with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in patients with Graves ophthalmopathy (GO) can predict response to therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Studied were 84 patients with GO, 27 with Graves disease without ophthalmopathy (GD), and 12 control subjects without Graves disease. T2 times of extraocular muscles and retrobulbar fat tissue were measured. Twenty-five patients with GO were treated with systemic corticosteroids and retroorbital radiation therapy. RESULTS: T2 relaxation times of muscles in patients with GD were the same as those in controls but were longer in patients with GO (P < .05). T2 times of fat in all patients were the same as those of the controls. The predicted probability of response to treatment increased with increased mean T2 relaxation times of extraocular muscles prior to therapy. Of the 25 patients with combined therapy, only those with particularly prolonged T2 relaxation times showed impressive response. CONCLUSIONS: T2 relaxation time measurements with MR allow noninvasive detection of acute muscle inflammation and predict which patients with GO will likely benefit from antiinflammatory therapy.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1994

Influence of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-alpha on in vitro maturation of cumulus cell-enclosed bovine oocytes in a defined medium.

This study was carried out to determine the effects of growth factors (epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factors-alpha and -beta 1, basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin), gonadotrophins (LH, FSH), and fetal bovine serum added to TCM199 medium on cumulus expansion and fertilization during in vitro maturation, and on subsequent embryonic development of bovine cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes. Epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-alpha, LH and FSH enhanced cumulus expansion and oocyte fertilizability. No significant effect was achieved with transforming growth factor-beta 1 nor with basic fibroblast growth factor. No additive stimulation on cumulus expansion and oocyte fertilizability was observed when epidermal growth factor was combined with LH or FSH. The addition of either epidermal growth factor or transforming growth factor-alpha to the maturation medium increased the number of fertilized ova that developed to the blastocyst stage. These results demonstrate the potential use of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-alpha in obtaining high quality mature bovine oocytes for in vitro fertilization.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Morphological changes in the mouse popliteal lymph node after local injection of dextran sulfate.

Dextran sulfate 500 (DS) is known to be a potent B-cell mitogen. Injection of this compound (500 micrograms) into the footpads of mice produced characteristic changes in the draining popliteal lymph nodes, including elimination of macrophages from the lymphatic sinuses and lining the subcapsular sinus, a marked blast reaction throughout the nodal parenchyma, damage to the stroma of the outer peripheral cortex, and disorganization of all the existing primary and secondary lymph follicles. On day 6 after DS treatment, small lymphocytes bearing surface Ig were detected and distributed loosely and broadly in the deeper part of the peripheral cortex without any tendency to reorganize lymph follicles. On day 21, these small lymphocytes populated the outer and deeper layer of the peripheral cortex, sometimes forming nodular accumulations representing regenerating lymph follicles, and on day 35, various numbers of regenerated lymph follicles were present in the peripheral cortex. Tracer studies using FITC-conjugated human serum albumin showed that intraparenchymal diffusion of labeled HSA was highly blocked at the outer peripheral cortex on days 4 through 14, and that this pathway began to reopen at around 21 days. Disorganization of lymph follicles could be considered due to extensive damage to follicle stromata which became unable to bind B lymphocytes, and follicles seem to be re-organized in response to lymph-carried antigen in addition to restored follicle stromata and repopulation B lymphocytes. Macrophages had little effect on the lymph follicle formation in this study.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Collateral lymphatic configuration of the internal jugular chain and jugulo-omohyoid nodes.

Minute dissection was performed bilaterally on 178 human adult cadavers (356 sides) in order to investigate the collateral lymphatic configurations of the internal jugular node chain. The superior and inferior collateral pathways identified based on the topographical anatomy of the large collecting vessels in the neck region. The superior collateral pathway (in 99 of 208 sides, 47.6%) consisted of a node chain, lying on the common carotid artery or along the medial edge of the internal jugular vein, connecting the submandibular lymphatics to the jugulo-omohyoid node (JO). In contrast, the inferior collateral pathway (in 63 of 356 sides, 17.7%) consisted of a single large collecting vessel, lying immediately superficial to the inferior deep cervical nodes, and which directly connected the JO to the venous angle region. A short cervical lymphatic trunk arising from the inferior deep cervical nodes, was also observed in the inferior collateral pathway. The JO seemed to be located at a critical position, where it connected the two collateral pathways. These results are discussed in relation to the fascial arrangement and development of the lymphatics in the cervical region.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Venous drainage of the thoracic esophagus toward the pulmonary vein.

Venous drainage of the thoracic esophagus toward the pulmonary vein (PV) was investigated in 52 human specimens in which the veins around the esophagus were clearly observed owing to venous blood retention after injection of 10 L of formol solution into the femoral artery. Below the level of the tracheal bifurcation, 43 cases (right, 21; left, 22) of venous drainage toward the PV were observed in 29 of the 52 specimens examined (55.8%). The direct drainage to the PV was observed mainly on the left side (19 of the 22 cases). In contrast, drainage via the bronchial vein toward the PV existed mainly on the right side (18 of the 21 cases). These drainage routes merged into the tributaries of the inferior PV, such as the inferior or superior basal vein. The draining veins often communicated with the azygos vein system on the right side (10 of the 21 cases). The veins passed through the pulmonary ligament, and also often along the vagus nerve or the bronchial artery. No venous valves were found during the course of direct drainage from the esophagus to the PV. Venous drainage toward the PV was considered to be one of the main drainage routes from the thoracic esophagus.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Anatomical relationship between saphenous vein and cutaneous nerves.

The anatomical relationship between the saphenous veins and cutaneous nerves was investigated in 148 lower limbs of 74 cadavers in order to re-examine the stripping technique for treatment of varicose veins. The great saphenous vein frequently ran intimately along the saphenous nerve (59.5% in the middle third and 83.1% in the lower third of the leg) in the leg region. More than half of the latter cases showed an adhesive relationship in which the perineurium of the saphenous nerve was seen histologically to be attached to the adventitia of the vein. Moreover, in the thigh region as well, the great saphenous vein had an intimate relationship with the cutaneous nerves of various origin. In contrast, the small saphenous vein was often located close to the cutaneous nerves of the calf like the sural nerve. However, the adhesive relation between the small saphenous vein and nerves was rarely observed, in contrast to the case of the great saphenous vein. From these results, the anatomical relationship between the superficial vein and nerve in the lower limb were characterized according to each part of the lower limb. Based on our observations, limited extraction of the vein was recommended to reduce the risk of nerve injury during the stripping operation.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Topographical anatomy of the internal mammary lymphatics in the superior mediastinum and anterior mediastinal lymph nodes.

The lymphatics lying along the internal thoracic artery and vein, which are termed the "internal mammary lymphatics" (IML), were minutely dissected in 134 adult cadavers (80 males and 54 females, aged 27-94 years) in order to clarify the configuration of IML in the superior mediastinum. On the right side, IML frequently terminated at the brachiocephalic angle (BA) nodes and often at the nodes situated at an intermediate position between the internal thoracic artery and vein. By way of these nodes, IML communicated with regional lymphatics of the lung and esophagus. Moreover, IML joined the right superficial bronchomediastinal trunks. On the left side, IML consistently terminated at a superficial group of aortic arch nodes, termed the "superior phrenic nodes", lying along the left phrenic nerve and lying medially to the internal thoracic vein and inferiorly to the left brachiocephalic vein. At and around these nodes, IML joined drainage routes from the so-called Botallo's nodes, which received the left lung lymphatics. The efferents of the superior phrenic nodes formed the left superior bronchomediastinal trunks, and passed deeply to the left brachiocephalic vein and on the subclavian artery toward the left venous angle region. Consequently, IML formed common drainage routes with the drainage routes from the lung and esophagus in the superior mediastinum. A transverse communicating route of IMLs via the retromanubrial nodes, lying inferior to or along the left brachiocephalic vein, was often observed. On the right side, the communicating route terminated at the BA nodes or the nodes situated at an intermediate position between the internal thoracic artery and vein. On the left side, the route consistently terminated at the superior phrenic nodes. In addition to the communicating route described above, we identified (1) a direct and superficial transverse communicating route, and (2) a deep transverse communicating route. The former route was composed of fasciculated large collecting vessels directly connecting the BA nodes to the left venous angle region, lying superficial to the left brachiocephalic vein. The latter route was composed of several large collecting vessels, crossing the brachiocephalic and left common carotid arteries superficially, and merging into the left phrenic nodes directly or occasionally via the pretracheal nodes. These results suggested that IMLs of both sides can closely communicate with each other in the superior mediastinum.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Effects of anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody on adhesion of erythroid leukemic cells (ELM-I-1) to hematopoietic supportive cells (MS-5): CD44, but not hyaluronate-mediated, cell-cell adhesion.

Cocultivation of erythroid leukemic cells (ELM-I-1) with hemopoietic supportive cells (MS-5) resulted in a specific adhesion of ELM-I-1 cells to MS-5 cells. This phenomenon was designated as rosette formation. After induction of differentiation of ELM-I-1 cells, rosette formation was reduced, and no rosette formation was observed between erythrocytes and MS-5 cells. Studies on anti-adhesion molecule antibody treatment have revealed that CD44 plays a key role in rosette formation. Expression of CD44 on (the membrane of) ELM-I-1 cells was reduced after differentiation, and no CD44 expression was detected on erythrocytes. CD44 was also expressed on MS-5. Hyaluronate is known as the ligand of CD44, but neither hyaluronidase treatment nor addition of excess hyaluronate to the assay system affected rosette formation. These data indicate that hyaluronate is not responsible for rosette formation. Anti-CD44 antibody (KM81), which recognized the hyaluronate binding site of CD44, inhibited rosette formation. But other monoclonal antibodies against different epitopes except for the hyaluronate binding site, even those against CD44's hyaluronate binding site, did not inhibit rosette formation. Thus, rosette formation between MS-5 cells and ELM-I-1 cells is mediated by CD44 but not by the hyaluronate binding site of CD44.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[The rescue effect of FK506 in refractory rejection after cardiac transplantation].

The patient with dilated cardiomyopathy (NYHA class 4) under went cardiac transplantation at University of California, Los Angeles. Severe cardiac rejection was revealed one month after the transplantation. Steroid therapy was not effective, the rejection was resolved with OKT3 therapy and Anti-thymocyte globulin. Moreover, severe rejection was seen five months later. Steroid therapy was not effective. Cyclosporine administration was substituted for FK506 (0.02 mg/kg/day). After the induction of FK506, the number of CD8 positive cells decreased and cardiac rejection was successfully resolved. As side effect of FK506, bradycardia with heart rate of 50/min for 4 minutes appeared. However, it was well-controlled when the trough level of FK506 was reduced to less than 8 ng/ml.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Preservation of fresh homograft using TC199 solution in rat].

The surgical replacement of human vessels using fresh allografts (homograft) has been reported as useful means. Nevertheless, little is known about preservation effect and immunological consequences using TC199 solution. In this study, defined inbred strains of rats were used. The aorta was extracted from Buffalo rats and preserved for 1, 2, and 3 weeks in TC199 solution at 4 degrees C. The preserved graft was then implanted into the Buffalo rats heterotopically, in the abdominal aorta, in the autotransplant group (AUTO) and into the Lewis rat in the allotransplant group (ALLO). The graft patency and histology including immunohistochemical stain (IgG, IgM, and C3 complement) were assessed at 2 weeks after transplantation. In AUTO, the patency was 100% with grafts 1 and 2 weeks' preservation, and 80% with 3 weeks' preservation. In the ALLO, patency was 100% with grafts with one week's preservation, 80% in those with 2 weeks' preservation and 0% those with in 3 weeks' preservation. Histology revealed that fibroblasts and endothelial cells were significantly deteriorated in 3 weeks' preservation in auto transplantation, however, they were well-maintained in 2 weeks' preservation. In the allo-transplantation group, histological deterioration began after 2 weeks preservation. Immunohistochemical staining showed significant deposits of IgG, IgM and C3 in ALLO. Significant infiltration of antibodies was seen in deteriorated tissue due to prolongation of the preservation periods. These results suggested that freshly preserved allograft was antigenic and 2 weeks preservation using TC199 solution was possible in the rat model.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy in diabetic patients: association with autonomic neuropathy].

123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy was performed in 20 diabetic patients (NIDDM) and 8 control subjects to investigate the association between clinical autonomic nerve dysfunction and myocardial accumulation of MIBG. We used coefficient variance of R-R interval (CVR-R) as a index of the autonomic neuropathy and categorized diabetes into two groups (CVR-R > or = 2.0: non-autonomic neuropathy. CVR-R < 2.0: autonomic neuropathy). In planar imaging studies, heart to mediastinum MIBG uptake ratio (H/M) was calculated on both early and delayed images. The washout ratio of 123I-MIBG in the heart (%WR) was also obtained using myocardial tracer activity on the both images. Mean value of these indices in diabetic group did not reveal any significant difference with the value in the control group. On the SPECT images, low uptake was observed in the posterior-inferior wall with normal uptake of 201Tl in diabetic patients with non-autonomic neuropathy. These areas extended in patients with autonomic neuropathy. The mean value of count ratio of posterior-interior to anterior wall (posterior-inferior/anterior ratio: PI/A) in the diabetic autonomic neuropathy group was significantly higher than in the control group on the both early and delayed images. And the mean value of regional %WR in the posterior-inferior wall calculated by the both MIBG SPECT images was significantly higher in the non-autonomic neuropathy group than in the control group. In the diabetic patients, retention mechanism of 123I-MIBG was considered to be involved at an early stage without autonomic nerve dysfunction clinically. As autonomic neuropathy progressed severely, uptake mechanism was also supposed to be involved. Therefore, 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy was useful for early detection of cardiac sympathetic nervous dysfunction in diabetic patients.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗

PubMed1994

[Suppression of ontogenic development of the rat popliteal lymph node due to blockage of the afferent lymphatic vessels at early postnatal age].

We reported previously that surgical interruption of the afferent lymphatics to the popliteal node at the lowest edge of the popliteal fossa in young rats caused suppression of ontogenic development of the popliteal node. However, in that experiment we did not take into consideration the fact that, in the rat, the popliteal node sometimes receives minute afferent lymphatic channel(s) from the tail. In the present study, therefore, we interrupted the afferent lymphatic vessels at the lowest edge of the left popliteal fossa in Wistar rats at 7 days after birth in order to examine the effects of lymphatic drainage from the tail on the treated nodes, and sacrificed the animals at 2, 5, 10 and 18 weeks after the operation. A solution of 0.4% Evans blue was injected into the root of the tail on the left side 30 min before the animals were killed. Treated nodes receiving lymphatic channel(s) from the tail were stained with the dye and referred to as Eb(+)-treated nodes, whereas those without the channel(s) were unstained and referred to as Eb(-). At 7 days after birth, the normally developing popliteal node weighed 0.2 mg, and its parenchyma was composed of reticular cells with dispersed lymphoid cells. At 4 weeks after birth, each normal node weighed 2-3 mg; its parenchyma was comprised of two layers, an outer layer of peripheral cortex containing 30-40 lymph follicles and an inner discontinuous layer of deep cortex made up to 2-3 deep cortical units.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[Localized cardiac tamponade after aortic valve replacement: a case report].

We report a case of localized cardiac tamponade after aortic valve replacement. A 56-year-old man had an aortic valve replacement for his aortic valve steno-insufficiency. At 3-postoperative day, severe hypotension occurred, causing acute renal failure. There were no cardiomegaly, high central venous pressure, nor echo-free space. A mass shadow, appearing on chest X-ray at 37-postoperative day, was diagnosed as a localized tamponade by means of a computed tomography and a radioangiography at 38 postoperative day. After the spontaneous drainage of old bloody effusion from the partially opened wound in mid-line, his cardiac and renal failure improved rapidly. When the hematoma is localized, computed tomography is most diagnostic while conventional echo-cardiography often fails to show echo-free spaces.

Aortic Valve↗

PubMed1994

[Pre and postoperative management of a patient after cardiac transplantation performed in UCLA].

The patient with dilated cardiomyopathy (NYHA grade 4) underwent cardiac transplantation at University of California, Los Angeles. Postoperative management in our institute consisted 1) cardiac biopsy, 2) measurement of blood concentration of cyclosporin, 3) serum anti-CMV titer, 3) echo cardiography, 4) counts of lymphocyte subsets. Cardiac rejection (Ib) was observed 2 months after transplantation and steroid pulse therapy (methylprednisone 500 mg/day) was performed for 3 days. Blood concentration of cyclosporin was decreased with administration of probucol and increased with diltiazem. Presently, the patient is stable and back to normal work.

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated↗

PubMed1994

Cerebral blood flow study in patients with moyamoya disease evaluated by IMP SPECT.

UNLABELLED: We studied the usefulness of IMP SPECT with acetazolamide in 16 patients with moyamoya disease. Cerebral angiography was performed for all patients who were classified in three grades according to their angiographic stages. METHODS: Techniques used included ring-type emission computed tomography with a minicomputer system. Patients received 111 MBq of 123I-IMP and SPECT images were obtained 20 min postinjection. Nine patients were studied using iodoamphetamine (IMP) SPECT with and without acetazolamide. IMP SPECT with acetazolamide was performed 20 min after each injection of 1 g of acetazolamide. RESULTS: Low perfusion areas in the upper and lower frontal, parietal and temporal regions in grades 2 and 3 using IMP SPECT were observed. The mean cerebral-to-cerebellar activity ratios (C/C ratio) of six regions (upper and lower frontal, temporal, parietal occipital and basal ganglia) in grades 1, 2 and 3 were 0.96 to 1.06, 0.91 to 0.96 and 0.76 to 0.88, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) elucidates cerebral hemodynamic factors, including the reactivity of cerebral vessels which cannot be detected angiographically in patients with moyamoya disease, and that the acetazolamide test is useful for detecting cerebral blood flow reserve. The test can be used to detect disease progress prospectively.

Acetazolamide↗