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Biomedical subjects

H Horikawa

Publications and source records attributed to H Horikawa.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Effects of midazolam on the threshold of lidocaine-induced seizures in the dog--comparison with diazepam.

The anticonvulsive effect of midazolam was compared with that of diazepam in ten dogs. Lidocaine-induced seizure waves on the electroencephalogram were used to observe the suppressive effect of the drugs. Midazolam, 0.2 mg.kg(-1), was found to possess a stronger suppressive effect against lidocaine-induced seizures than the same dose of diazepam. These two drugs showed to possess similar effects on cerebral and systemic circulations and cerebral metabolism during seizures.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Glucose, free fatty acid and ketone body metabolism in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

We examined how the substances, especially glucose, free fatty acids (FFA) and ketone bodies, and hormones associated with energy metabolism change with the disease progress in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Serum creatine kinase (CK) activity was used as an index of the stage of DMD, because this activity is exponentially decreases with the progress of the disease. The glucose concentration in DMD patients with CK activity of less than 1,000 U/l (low CK) was significantly lower than that in controls, although there was no significant difference between that in DMD patients with CK activity of more than 1,00 U/l (high CK) and that in controls. The FFA concentration in both high CK and low CK patients was significantly higher than that in controls. The FFA concentration in low CK patients tended to be higher than that in high CK patients. The ketone body concentration in low CK patients was significantly higher than that in controls and that in high CK patients. The [glucagon]:[insulin] ratio in low CK patients was significantly higher than that in controls and that in high CK patients. It was also observed in a correlational study that the glucose concentration decreased with the age and the decrease in CK activity, i.e., with the progress of DMD. The FFA and ketone body concentrations increased with the decrease in the glucose concentration. The decrease in the glucose concentration may be due to a caloric shortage and/or degenerated muscle, which cannot supply enough gluconeogenic substrates, such as alanine. The kinetics of insulin and glucagon in DMD may help to maintain the glucose metabolism. Increased concentrations of FFA and ketone bodies may be helpful in the advanced stage of DMD, as energy sources and as substrates, sparing muscle protein.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Pentose phosphate pathway in neuromuscular diseases--evaluation of muscular glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and RNA content].

There have been several reports concerning elevated glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), the rate-limiting enzyme of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), in experimental muscle disturbances. PPP produces ribose, a substrate of RNA, and NADPH which is a cofactor of fatty acid synthesis. PPP also has a role of by-path pathway of glycolysis. Then, we evaluated G6PDH activity and RNA content in biopsied quadriceps muscle. The subjects were muscles from 23 neurogenic amyotrophy, 54 myopathy including 19 progressive muscular dystrophy (PMD), and 10 controls whose muscle was obtained at orthopedic surgery. Neurogenic amyotrophy consisted of 12 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 4 spinal muscular atrophy and 7 peripheral nerve disorders. Myopathy were 3 Duchenne dystrophy, 2 congenital muscular dystrophy, 8 limb-girdle type dystrophy, 6 facio-scapular +-humeral muscular dystrophy, 6 myotonic dystrophy, 6 mitochondrial myopathy, 5 endocrinological myopathy, 3 hypokalemic myopathy, 8 polymyositis and 4 other inflammatory myopathy. The assays of G6PDH and RNA were performed after Glock's and Fleck's methods, respectively. The control values were 3.6 +/- 0.8 nmol formed NADPH/mg protein/min (M +/- SD) in G6PDH and 0.69 +/- 0.17 micrograms/mg non-collagen protein in RNA. Most cases of PMD, as well as some cases of ALS, hyperthyroidism, mitochondria hypokalemic myopathy, inflammatory myopathy showed increased values (beyond M + 2SD of control) both in G6PDH and RNA. There were significant positive correlations between G6PDH activity and RNA content in PMD and motor neuron disease. Myotonic dystrophy showed normal values in both G6PDH and RNA. Half number of cases of mitochondrial myopathy demonstrated increased G6PDH alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[A case of neurovisceral storage disease with sea-blue histiocyte and severe horizontal supranuclear ophthalmoplegia].

Neville and coauthors (1973) reported several cases of neurovisceral storage disease with vertical supranuclear gaze paresis, ataxia and other central nervous disorders. This disease is classified into Niemann-Pick disease type C because of the presence of foamy cells or sea-blue histiocytes in bone marrow, and the accumulation of sphingomyelin, cholesterol and other glycosphingolipids. In this paper, we reported a rare case of neurovisceral storage disease with severe horizontal supranuclear ophthalmoplegia and sea-blue histiocyte in bone marrow. The patient was a 9-year-old boy. He was hospitalized for unstable gait. The neurological examination revealed severe horizontal supranuclear ophthalmoplegia, moderate ataxia of four extremities and trunk, and mild dystonia of neck and four limbs on walking and standing. The ocular movement in the vertical direction was less impaired and his mentality was almost normal. The bone marrow aspiration showed a few sea-blue histiocytes. The activities of fibroblast lysosomal enzymes including sphingomyelinase were normal. The rectal biopsy revealed many foamy cells in mucous membrane and submucosa. The cell had PAS-positive and acid phosphatase-positive substances, which showed rose-red metachromasia with Feyrter's thionin method. But these abnormal cells were never stained by Sudan black B. These histochemical reactions were compatible with those of Neville's neurovisceral storage disease (Lake, 1983). Therefore we supposed the pathogenesis of this case was the same as that of Neville's cases. In this case, the horizontal supranuclear ophthalmoplegia was a unique symptom.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1989

[Electrophysiological studies in siblings of De Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome].

Multi-modality evoked potentials in two cases, who were siblings, of De Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome were reported. The case 1, who was elder sister of the case 2, was a 25-year-old female. And the case 2 was a 23-year-old female. They have the history of consanguinity. They were first noted to have skin erythema on exposure to sunlight, and a diagnosis of xeroderma pigmentosum was made. At the childhood neurological manifestation, such as mental retardation, deafness and muscular weakness developed gradually. The case 2, who was a elder sister, was operated on for squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid at the age of 20 and 21 years old. Motor conduction velocity obtained from lower limbs were severely reduced and that from upper limbs were moderately delayed. Sensory conduction velocity of median nerve were severely diminished. Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) of the case 1 showed the prolongation in interpeak latency of I-V. ABR of the case 2 could not be obtained. N19 and N13 of short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) to median nerve stimulation with case 2 could not be obtained too. N13-N19 latency of case 1 was remarkably prolonged compared to the normal subjects. Central motor conduction time (CMCT) was studied in case 2 by using the magnetic stimulator. CMCT of case 2 was within the upper limit of normal control. Interpeak latency of I-V in ABR represents the brainstem dysfunction in auditory pathway, and interpeak latency of N13-N19 in SSEP was recognized as central conduction time from medial lemniscus to primary sensory area of cortex. So the prolongation of these interpeak latency in this cases may mean the dysfunction in the central nervous system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A case of juvenile-type distal and segmental muscular atrophy of upper extremities (Hirayama disease) with the isolated cervical fusion at the C3-C4 levels].

The case, 29-year-old male, had suffered from muscular weakness and atrophy of the bilateral forearms and hands with tremor of the bilateral fingers for about 13 years. A neurological examination showed normal muscle-stretch reflexes and no sensory disturbances. A cervical spinogram revealed a fusion at the C3-C4 levels and mild spondylotic changes. We clinically diagnosed him as juvenile-type distal and segmental muscular atrophy of upper extremities (Hirayama disease) with the isolated congenital cervical fusion. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an enlargement of the anterior epidural space from the C4-C5 levels to the Th 1-Th 2 levels. This abnormal epidural space showed relatively high signal intensity partially with low signal intensity on the T2 weighted spin-echo image and decreased in signal on the T1 weighted spin-echo image. And the dural sac was shifted backward and narrowed. And the soft discs was slightly protruded at the level of C4-5, C5-6 and C6-7. These findings suggest the over swelling and the delayed blood flow of the internal vertebral venous plexus. In this case, the degeneration of the cervical spine and soft disc derived from the congenital cervical fusion seems to have caused the internal vertebral venous plexus congestion and then have damaged the anterior horn cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Purification of prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate specific antigen from human seminal plasma].

Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostate specific antigen (PA), which are useful markers of diagnosis for prostatic cancer, have been purified from human seminal plasma. Total of 54.4 mg PAP and 3.0 mg PA were purified from 426.5 ml human seminal plasma. The purified antigens were demonstrated a single band by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), having a molecular weight of about 50,000 and 34,000, respectively. The PAP and PA purified from human seminal plasma were considered similar to that of prostatic tissue immunologically and biochemically.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1987

Increased serum myosin light chain 3 level in neuromuscular diseases.

A radioimmunoassay for human skeletal muscle myosin light chain 3 (MLC-3) was developed. The serum level of MLC-3 was evaluated in 143 patients suffering from neuromuscular diseases. Increased MLC-3 level was observed in muscular dystrophies. There were significant positive correlations between serum levels of MLC-3 and creatine kinase (CK) in Duchenne and limb-girdle type muscular dystrophy, but the regression lines were different. Patients with neurogenic amyotrophy, especially amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also showed elevated MLC-3 levels with or without high CK, and the frequency of increase in MLC-3 was greater than that of CK. The results of the present study suggest that circulating MLC might be a useful marker for muscle breakdown not merely in myopathies but in neurogenic disorders.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1986

Nasal resistance measured by anterior rhinomanometry.

The technique and principle of the active anterior rhinomanometry were justified by human examination and model experiment. The resistance values obtained from anterior method did not always agree with those from posterior one. Causes of the disagreement were considered to be distortion of the nostrils, air leakage from the apparatus and resistive component in the nasopharynx. These possibilities were demonstrated and analyzed in model experiments. The anterior rhinomanometry was concluded as a precise and convenient method to assess the conductivity of the nasal cavities.

Airway Resistance↗