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Biomedical subjects

H Horikawa

Publications and source records attributed to H Horikawa.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The hemostatic effect of deacetylated chitin membrane on peritoneal injury in rabbit model.

In this study, we determined the effect of 80% deacetylated chitin (DAC-80) membrane on postsurgical bleeding after visceral and parietal peritoneal abrasion. Japanese white rabbits underwent a midline laparotomy followed either by a bilateral peritoneal sidewall abrasion (4 x 4 cm) or an abrasion of liver surface (3 x 2 cm). The injured surface was then covered with a 0.2 mm thick DAC-80 membrane. On postsurgical day 2, the rabbits were sacrificed and the amounts of postsurgical bleeding was determined by quantitating the number of red blood cells recovered in 50 ml peritoneal lavage fluid. The DAC-80 membrane was found to reduce postsurgical bleeding after the abrasion of liver surface (treated with DAC-80 membrane: 2.9 +/- 0.8; control: 24.6 +/- 5.9 x 10(8) cells/peritoneal cavity, P less than 0.005). This same hemostatic activity was not observed after application in the peritoneal sidewall abrasion model. We also measured plasminogen activator activity (PA) and urokinase inhibitory (PAI) activity in the spent culture media of macrophages recovered from the postsurgical peritoneal exudate. The DAC-80 membrane reduced the PA secretion from postsurgical macrophages after liver surface abrasion (treated with DAC-80: 2.8 +/- 0.7; control: 3.9 +/- 0.9 mPU/ml). The DAC-80 membrane also showed similar effects on PA secretion after peritoneal sidewall abrasion. No significant effects were found in the secretion of PAI by postsurgical macrophages in both surgical models. These findings suggest that the DAC-80 membrane may have hemostatic activity through the modulation of fibrinolytic activity of peritoneal exudative macrophages.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

A clinical study of postoperative infections following open-heart surgery: occurrence and microbiological findings in 782 cases.

A total 782 consecutive patients underwent open-heart surgery with CPB between January, 1979 and December, 1988, at the Yamagata University Hospital. We assessed the incidence of postoperative infections in relation to age, the duration of surgery and antibiotic prophylaxis, and examined the causative organisms, after which the types of infecting flora were compared between the 1st period, from 1979 to 1983 and the 2nd period, from 1984 to 1988. Postoperative infection occurred in 104 of the 782 patients (13.3 per cent); in the form of a wound infection in 41 (5.2 per cent), pneumonia in 33 (4.2 per cent), urinary tract infection in 9 (1.2 per cent), prosthetic valve endocarditis in 6 (0.8 per cent), and other infections in 15 (1.9 per cent). Patients aged under 12 months or over 60 years showed a higher incidence of infection, being 17.4 per cent and 19.2 per cent, respectively. Patients who underwent an operation of over 8 hours duration also had a significantly higher incidence compared to those whose operation time was less than 4 hours, being 32.9 per cent and 6.3 per cent, respectively (p less than 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative infection between patients given or not given preoperative prophylaxis. A total 123 species of organisms were isolated from the 104 patients, 52.8 per cent being gram-negative bacteria (GNB), and 43.9 per cent gram-positive bacteria (GPB), and a remarkable increase in the incidence of GPB was seen in the 2nd period compared to the 1st period from 31.7 per cent to 50.0 per cent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Syntheses and antiulcer activities of 2-aminonorbornene derivatives.

2,2,-Disubstituted norbornenes (1, 2), 2,2-Disubstituted norbornane (3), 2,2,3-trisubstituted norbornenes (4, 5), oxanorbornenes (6) and azanorbornenes (7) were synthesized by the Diels-Alder reaction using alpha, beta-dehydroamino acids as a key step, and their antiulcer activities were examined. The oxazolidine derivative (1h) exhibited the most potent activities against several ulcer-models in rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Diurnal sleep apnea in myotonic dystrophy].

We investigated diurnal sleep apnea in myotonic dystrophy with respiratory inductive plethysmography. Five of eight patients met criteria for sleep apnea syndrome and had central apnea mainly. In a case showing periodic breathing with apnea like Cheyne-Stokes type breathing, the duration of apnea and breath was even and the tidal volume went waxing and waning regularly. In the other four cases, central apneas were observed in sequence, but the duration of apnea and the tidal volume changed variously. Large breaths between apneas elevated arterial oxygen saturation rather than stable breaths without apnea. We suspected that hypoxemia, which exacerbated by involvement of respiratory muscles, supine position and sleep, initiated the hyperventilation between apneas. And then the saturation of oxygen raised by hyperventilation would cause central sleep apnea.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Aggravation of hypoxemia in supine position in myotonic dystrophy].

Myotonic dystrophy (MyD) involves a variety of systems. Respiratory disorders are common, namely elevation of diaphragm, alveolar hypoventilation, aspiration pneumonia and sleep apnea. We evaluated respiratory involvement. The subjects were 11 patients with MyD. Also 6 patients with limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LG) were examined to be compared with MyD. Both groups had the similar activities of daily living. All of them never complained of dyspnea. Arterial blood gas studies were performed in supine position and standing position. A new evidence was found that hypoxemia was aggravated and alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure difference was increased in supine position in MyD. Next, pulmonary function tests were done in supine position and sitting position. Functional residual capacity (FRC) were more reduced in supine position in MyD compared with LG. The value to subtract closing capacity from FRC was negative in supine position in MyD, showing closing phenomenon. We propose the mechanism of the aggravation of hypoxemia may be the following. The reduction of FRC caused by respiratory muscle involvement brings out the closing phenomenon. Abnormal uneven distribution of ventilation-perfusion ratio happens and then hypoxemia is worsened in supine position in MyD.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[X-ray computed tomographic scans of lower limb and trunk muscles in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy].

X-rays computed tomographic (CT) scans of muscles of the lower limbs and the trunk in 14 patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSH) were studied. The CT scans showed that the affected muscles were decreased in density and size. The laterality of muscular involvement was sometimes observed. The muscular lesions in the lower limbs showed proximal distribution. In the thigh, the hamstrings were affected first, the adductor muscles second, and then the muscular involvement progressed to the quadriceps femoris muscle. In the lower leg, the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were relatively spared as compared with the tibialis anterior muscle. In the lumbar girdle, the abdominal muscles were involved first, the gluteal muscles second, the back muscles third, and the psoas major muscle were relatively spared. The muscular weakness of this distribution exacerbated lumbar lordosis. The neck muscles were less affected than those of the lumbar girdle. The CT scans in FSH demonstrated the characteristic pattern of muscular involvement, which differed from the inherited muscular diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, and others.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Pharmacokinetics of lidocaine in perfused rat liver].

Lidocaine pharmacokinetics were studied using perfused rat livers under several conditions. 1) In the low perfusion group (perfusion rate = 1/2 of control group), the elimination rate constant and clearance of lidocaine in the first phase were reduced, but in the second phase, metabolism of lidocaine was more active than in other groups. 2) High albumin concentration in the perfusate did not significantly affect lidocaine metabolism. 3) Low pH of the perfusate (pH = 7.10) did not affect the metabolism of lidocaine. 4) Acute and chronic liver damage inhibited the lidocaine metabolism, which may be due to decreases in viable hepatocytes, effective hepatic blood flow and mitochondrial P-450. 5) Halothane in the concentration of 2.5% reduced the lidocaine metabolism. This was probably due to inhibition of hepatocyte activity by halothane because increases in GOT, LDH and lactate in the perfusate and a decrease in the O2 consumption by the rat liver were observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[A successful case of double outlet right ventricle accompanied with complete endocardial cushion defect].

Surgical correction of a case of double outlet right ventricle accompanied with complete endocardial cushion defect was completed successfully. No other complicated anomaly existed in this case. Correction was done by using two patch method. The patch for VSD was designed to be comma-like shape. For ensuring the left ventricular out tract, the patch was sutured with bulging at the circumference of the aortic orifice and the suture line of the patch with atrio-ventricular valve was deviated to the right. There was no stenosis in the left ventricular out tract and tricuspid valve.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

Growth hormone deficiency of hypothalamic origin in septo-optic dysplasia.

Hypothalamic pituitary function and growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) loading tests in two children with septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) revealed isolated GH deficiency in one and deficiencies of growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone and antidiuretic hormone in the other. Secretion of GH was elicited in the first patient by single i.v. bolus administration of GHRH and after repetitive i.v. infusions of GHRH in the second. With these results we confirmed that the hypopituitarism in our patients with SOD was of hypothalamic origin. Both patients also had infantile spasms.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1990

Glucose, free fatty acid and ketone body metabolism in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

We examined how the substances, especially glucose, free fatty acids (FFA) and ketone bodies, and hormones associated with energy metabolism change with the disease progress in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Serum creatine kinase (CK) activity was used as an index of the stage of DMD, because this activity is exponentially decreases with the progress of the disease. The glucose concentration in DMD patients with CK activity of less than 1,000 U/l (low CK) was significantly lower than that in controls, although there was no significant difference between that in DMD patients with CK activity of more than 1,00 U/l (high CK) and that in controls. The FFA concentration in both high CK and low CK patients was significantly higher than that in controls. The FFA concentration in low CK patients tended to be higher than that in high CK patients. The ketone body concentration in low CK patients was significantly higher than that in controls and that in high CK patients. The [glucagon]:[insulin] ratio in low CK patients was significantly higher than that in controls and that in high CK patients. It was also observed in a correlational study that the glucose concentration decreased with the age and the decrease in CK activity, i.e., with the progress of DMD. The FFA and ketone body concentrations increased with the decrease in the glucose concentration. The decrease in the glucose concentration may be due to a caloric shortage and/or degenerated muscle, which cannot supply enough gluconeogenic substrates, such as alanine. The kinetics of insulin and glucagon in DMD may help to maintain the glucose metabolism. Increased concentrations of FFA and ketone bodies may be helpful in the advanced stage of DMD, as energy sources and as substrates, sparing muscle protein.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Pentose phosphate pathway in neuromuscular diseases--evaluation of muscular glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and RNA content].

There have been several reports concerning elevated glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), the rate-limiting enzyme of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), in experimental muscle disturbances. PPP produces ribose, a substrate of RNA, and NADPH which is a cofactor of fatty acid synthesis. PPP also has a role of by-path pathway of glycolysis. Then, we evaluated G6PDH activity and RNA content in biopsied quadriceps muscle. The subjects were muscles from 23 neurogenic amyotrophy, 54 myopathy including 19 progressive muscular dystrophy (PMD), and 10 controls whose muscle was obtained at orthopedic surgery. Neurogenic amyotrophy consisted of 12 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 4 spinal muscular atrophy and 7 peripheral nerve disorders. Myopathy were 3 Duchenne dystrophy, 2 congenital muscular dystrophy, 8 limb-girdle type dystrophy, 6 facio-scapular +-humeral muscular dystrophy, 6 myotonic dystrophy, 6 mitochondrial myopathy, 5 endocrinological myopathy, 3 hypokalemic myopathy, 8 polymyositis and 4 other inflammatory myopathy. The assays of G6PDH and RNA were performed after Glock's and Fleck's methods, respectively. The control values were 3.6 +/- 0.8 nmol formed NADPH/mg protein/min (M +/- SD) in G6PDH and 0.69 +/- 0.17 micrograms/mg non-collagen protein in RNA. Most cases of PMD, as well as some cases of ALS, hyperthyroidism, mitochondria hypokalemic myopathy, inflammatory myopathy showed increased values (beyond M + 2SD of control) both in G6PDH and RNA. There were significant positive correlations between G6PDH activity and RNA content in PMD and motor neuron disease. Myotonic dystrophy showed normal values in both G6PDH and RNA. Half number of cases of mitochondrial myopathy demonstrated increased G6PDH alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[A case of neurovisceral storage disease with sea-blue histiocyte and severe horizontal supranuclear ophthalmoplegia].

Neville and coauthors (1973) reported several cases of neurovisceral storage disease with vertical supranuclear gaze paresis, ataxia and other central nervous disorders. This disease is classified into Niemann-Pick disease type C because of the presence of foamy cells or sea-blue histiocytes in bone marrow, and the accumulation of sphingomyelin, cholesterol and other glycosphingolipids. In this paper, we reported a rare case of neurovisceral storage disease with severe horizontal supranuclear ophthalmoplegia and sea-blue histiocyte in bone marrow. The patient was a 9-year-old boy. He was hospitalized for unstable gait. The neurological examination revealed severe horizontal supranuclear ophthalmoplegia, moderate ataxia of four extremities and trunk, and mild dystonia of neck and four limbs on walking and standing. The ocular movement in the vertical direction was less impaired and his mentality was almost normal. The bone marrow aspiration showed a few sea-blue histiocytes. The activities of fibroblast lysosomal enzymes including sphingomyelinase were normal. The rectal biopsy revealed many foamy cells in mucous membrane and submucosa. The cell had PAS-positive and acid phosphatase-positive substances, which showed rose-red metachromasia with Feyrter's thionin method. But these abnormal cells were never stained by Sudan black B. These histochemical reactions were compatible with those of Neville's neurovisceral storage disease (Lake, 1983). Therefore we supposed the pathogenesis of this case was the same as that of Neville's cases. In this case, the horizontal supranuclear ophthalmoplegia was a unique symptom.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1989

[Electrophysiological studies in siblings of De Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome].

Multi-modality evoked potentials in two cases, who were siblings, of De Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome were reported. The case 1, who was elder sister of the case 2, was a 25-year-old female. And the case 2 was a 23-year-old female. They have the history of consanguinity. They were first noted to have skin erythema on exposure to sunlight, and a diagnosis of xeroderma pigmentosum was made. At the childhood neurological manifestation, such as mental retardation, deafness and muscular weakness developed gradually. The case 2, who was a elder sister, was operated on for squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid at the age of 20 and 21 years old. Motor conduction velocity obtained from lower limbs were severely reduced and that from upper limbs were moderately delayed. Sensory conduction velocity of median nerve were severely diminished. Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) of the case 1 showed the prolongation in interpeak latency of I-V. ABR of the case 2 could not be obtained. N19 and N13 of short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) to median nerve stimulation with case 2 could not be obtained too. N13-N19 latency of case 1 was remarkably prolonged compared to the normal subjects. Central motor conduction time (CMCT) was studied in case 2 by using the magnetic stimulator. CMCT of case 2 was within the upper limit of normal control. Interpeak latency of I-V in ABR represents the brainstem dysfunction in auditory pathway, and interpeak latency of N13-N19 in SSEP was recognized as central conduction time from medial lemniscus to primary sensory area of cortex. So the prolongation of these interpeak latency in this cases may mean the dysfunction in the central nervous system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A case of juvenile-type distal and segmental muscular atrophy of upper extremities (Hirayama disease) with the isolated cervical fusion at the C3-C4 levels].

The case, 29-year-old male, had suffered from muscular weakness and atrophy of the bilateral forearms and hands with tremor of the bilateral fingers for about 13 years. A neurological examination showed normal muscle-stretch reflexes and no sensory disturbances. A cervical spinogram revealed a fusion at the C3-C4 levels and mild spondylotic changes. We clinically diagnosed him as juvenile-type distal and segmental muscular atrophy of upper extremities (Hirayama disease) with the isolated congenital cervical fusion. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an enlargement of the anterior epidural space from the C4-C5 levels to the Th 1-Th 2 levels. This abnormal epidural space showed relatively high signal intensity partially with low signal intensity on the T2 weighted spin-echo image and decreased in signal on the T1 weighted spin-echo image. And the dural sac was shifted backward and narrowed. And the soft discs was slightly protruded at the level of C4-5, C5-6 and C6-7. These findings suggest the over swelling and the delayed blood flow of the internal vertebral venous plexus. In this case, the degeneration of the cervical spine and soft disc derived from the congenital cervical fusion seems to have caused the internal vertebral venous plexus congestion and then have damaged the anterior horn cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Purification of prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate specific antigen from human seminal plasma].

Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostate specific antigen (PA), which are useful markers of diagnosis for prostatic cancer, have been purified from human seminal plasma. Total of 54.4 mg PAP and 3.0 mg PA were purified from 426.5 ml human seminal plasma. The purified antigens were demonstrated a single band by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), having a molecular weight of about 50,000 and 34,000, respectively. The PAP and PA purified from human seminal plasma were considered similar to that of prostatic tissue immunologically and biochemically.

Acid Phosphatase↗