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Biomedical subjects

H Holst

Publications and source records attributed to H Holst.

44 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Effects of hay-feeding on acid/base balance, renal sodium excretion, aldosterone and vasopressin secretion in the goat.

Effects of 30 min intense hay-feeding on acid/base and sodium homeostasis were studied in semi-starved goats during hyper- and euhydration. Parallel analyses of carotid and jugular blood samples revealed that feeding induced metabolic acidosis, which to some extent was subjected to respiratory compensation. The acidosis was accompanied by renal sodium retention and urinary acidification persisting for 2-3 h. The sodium retention was succeeded by an increase in renal Na excretion above the initial level. This natriuresis was most accentuated during hyperhydration. Blood samples taken for hormone assays during euhydration revealed a 15% increase in haematocrit and a significant rise in plasma aldosterone at termination of feeding. Inhibition of the water diuresis in hyperhydrated animals, and moderate increases in renal arginine vasopressin (AVP) excretion and plasma AVP were inconsistent effects of feeding. It is concluded, that simply jugular vein blood provides reliable information on the acid/base status of goats, but that the feeding schedule has to be considered in all experiments where small ruminants are used to investigate the integrated control of acid/base and sodium homeostasis.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1986

Influence of heat exposure on acid/base and fluid balance in hyperhydrated goats.

Hyperhydrated goats were exposed to an environmental temperature of 45 degrees C (relative humidity 70%) for 120 min. After 90 min, rectal temperature and respiratory frequency reached plateau levels of 40.5 degrees C and 280 respirations min-1, respectively. Measurements of arterial and venous blood acid-base parameters revealed that respiratory alkalosis had started to develop after 60 min, and had become obvious at the end of the heat exposure period. Renal compensation (evidenced by gradual increases in urinary pH and renal Na excretion) developed in parallel with the respiratory alkalosis. The heat exposure elicited a moderate, temporary inhibition of the water diuresis, but no obvious increase in the renal excretion of arginine vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH). Preliminary determinations of plasma aldosterone did not show any change during the actual heat exposure period, but a 50% temporary decrease in plasma aldosterone 30 min thereafter. The study confirms the susceptibility of goats to develop respiratory alkalosis during thermoregulatory panting, and shows that this is not to any appreciable extent diminished during hyperhydration. It can further be concluded that a heat-induced rise in body temperature to 40.5 degrees C is no powerful stimulus for vasopressin release in the hyperhydrated goat. The determinations of plasma aldosterone suggest that reduced liberation of the hormone does not contribute to the immediate renal compensation of respiratory alkalosis, but that respiratory alkalosis reaching a certain intensity inhibits aldosterone secretion.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1982

[Results of reconstruction in knee band lesions (author's transl)].

Early operated knee band lesions (n = 61) had better end results than in those later treated (note 2.3 versus 2.6). In knee luxations (n = 8) we had an average result of 3.1. In combined knee band lesions (n = 39) the persistent instability of the anterior cruciate ligament was the main problem. In such lesions we had better results with primary substitution of the anterior ligament by a gracilis tendon graft than with suture of the torn band.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improving drug therapy for patients with asthma-part 2: Use of antiasthma medications.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the use of antiasthma drugs among the study patients and to evaluate whether therapeutic outcomes monitoring (TOM) is associated with improved quality of drug therapy. DESIGN: Prospective, controlled, multicenter study. Consumption of antiasthma medications was measured as the number of defined daily doses (DDDs) purchased. Data were collected from the pharmacies' computer systems for a period beginning 6 months before the start of the study (period 1) and during its first and second half-years (periods 2 and 3). Treatment changes for TOM patients were classified on the basis of drug regimens at periods 1 and 3. SETTING: Community pharmacies in Denmark (16 intervention, 15 control). PATIENTS: Five hundred patients with asthma aged 16 to 60 years who were being treated in primary health care; this study used data from 350 patients from this sample. INTERVENTION: TOM. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in the use of individual drugs and changes in therapeutic patterns--distribution of purchased drugs; proportion of corticosteroid users; frequency of drug regimens used; treatment changes for TOM patients. RESULTS: TOM patients' consumption of beta2-agonists decreased by 12% overall from period 1 through period 3, while control patients' consumption of these medications decreased by only 1%. TOM patients' use of inhaled corticosteroids increased by more than 50% compared with 9% among controls. In both groups, about one-half of all purchased DDDs were for inhaled beta2-agonists. The proportion of inhaled corticosteroids increased from 27% to 42% of total DDDs for the TOM group and remained constant for controls. Of patients using beta2-agonists, 68% also used inhaled steroids initially in both the TOM and control groups. The proportion of inhaled steroid users in the TOM group increased to 84%, and to 70% among controls. The most common regimen was inhaled short-acting beta2-agonists and corticosteroids in combination, and the second most common regimen was monotherapy with short-acting beta2-agonists. With time, the regimens changed more toward consensus guidelines among TOM patients. Changes in drug therapy totaled 451, averaging 2.4 changes per TOM patient. The largest number of changes (49%) involved inhaled corticosteroids. CONCLUSION: Changes in medication use among TOM patients were toward improved asthma treatment. Our results show that community pharmacists, physicians, and patients, working together, can improve prescribing, solve drug therapy problems, and improve outcomes for patients with moderate-to-severe asthma.

Administration, Inhalation↗