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Biomedical subjects

H Holloway

Publications and source records attributed to H Holloway.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Assessment of sheep blastocyst effects on neutral lipids in the uterine caruncular epithelium.

Neutral lipids in the maternal uterine caruncular epithelium were studied by histochemical localization with Oil Red O. Results using a scoring system of 1 (negligible lipid) to 5 (maximal lipid) showed that intraepithelial lipid stores were minimal until Days 7-8 of the oestrous cycle and then increased to have a mean score of 4.4 on Day 14-15. In early pregnancy, although relatively high with a mean score of 3.2 at Day 15-16, such neutral lipids were significantly lower than those present at a comparable stage in the oestrous cycle. Thereafter, levels declined to a mean score of 1 on Days 21-23 of pregnancy. Such neutral lipid loss appears to be one of the first signs of the maternal response to the implanting embryo and precedes morphological evidence of transformation of either maternal or fetal tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Regional cerebral blood flow in awake beagles of different ages.

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in 35 brain regions of awake beagles of different ages, by infusing 14C-iodoantipyrine intravenously. Between 1-3 and 6-12 yrs of age, rCBF was reduced significantly (P less than 0.01) in only 6 of the 35 regions, by 16 to 25%, and mean weighted CBF was not significantly altered. At 14-15 yrs, rCBF was reduced significantly by 25 to 50% in 13 of 28 grey matter regions examined, but in no white matter region, as compared with rCBF at 1-3 yrs of age, and mean weighted CBF was reduced by 30% (P less than 0.01). The course of rCBF during ageing of the beagle corresponded to the reported course of the regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose. The results demonstrate that cerebral functional activity in most brain regions is constant during much of the adult life of the beagle, and that coupling between blood flow and metabolism also is constant. Compensatory morphological and neurochemical mechanisms may account for this homeostasis of CBF. In extreme senescence, generalized reductions in rCBF are found, and probably reflect reduced sensory input to the brain as well as systemic disease.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

Vicarious excretion of contrast medium in patients without azotemia.

Although excretion of urographic iodinated contrast agents via the biliary and gastrointestinal tract is not uncommon in patients with renal insufficiency, such vicarious excretion is unusual in the presence of normal renal function. The observation of such vicarious excretion in 2 patients with acute unilateral ureteral obstruction and no azotemia is reported in conjunction with review of the appropriate literature and suggestion of possible etiologies.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A comparison of standard lipid staining techniques used in electron microscopic studies of mammalian tissues.

Comparisons of several standard techniques for staining lipids in ultrastructural studies have been undertaken using the rat uterine epithelium as the experimental tissue. The best technique for clarity, retention of stain, and acceptability of cellular ultrastructure utilized p-phenylenediamine after primary fixation in glutaraldehyde and postfixation in osmium tetroxide. While osmium by itself stained only unsaturated lipids and p-phenylene-diamine stained no lipids in spot tests, when acting together, the staining of unsaturated lipids was enhanced and some staining of saturated lipids was seen. Further, the marked extraction of stained lipids normally found during dehydration did not then occur.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Sonographic determination of renal volumes in normal neonates.

Renal diseases that affect renal size without altering renal architecture require a quantitative means of detection. A prospective study was undertaken to establish normal values for renal volumes in healthy neonates using sonography. Volumes were determined by two methods; (1) the serial area-volume method using parallel transverse images; and (2) the prolate ellipsoid model of the kidney using orthogonal diameters taken from ultrasound images. Renal volumes for both the right and left kidneys in both sexes were found to be approximately 10 ml. There was no significant difference between the results obtained by either method, nor were there significant differences between the volumes of the right and left kidneys within either sex. No difference in renal volume was noted between sexes. The mean greatest renal length was also computed for right and left kidneys in both sexes. Knowledge of normal renal volumes may aid in the diagnosis of urinary system disorders in neonates.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Triacylglycerols in the rat uterine epithelium during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy.

Specific histochemical techniques showed triacylglycerols to be the predominant neutral lipid in intracellular lipid droplets of uterine epithelial cells. After their extraction from pure samples of uterine epithelial cells, triacylglycerols were in lower concentration (microgram/microgram DNA) during pro-oestrus (0.4) than at any other stage of the oestrus cycle (0.73-0.86), decreased during Days 3 (0.5), 4 (0.25) and 5 (0.24) of pregnancy, and were lower in ovariectomized females receiving oestradiol (0.18) than in those receiving medroxyprogesterone acetate (0.93). It is suggested that these triacylglycerols could be used by the blastocysts and their contiguous endometrium as a readily available energy and metabolite source during implantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Growth and cytodifferentiation of the fetal lamb adrenal cortex prior to parturition.

Growth patterns and cytodifferentiation of the fetal lamb adrenal cortex, from 136 days of gestation to birth at normal term, have been examined. The gland almost doubles in weight over this period (0.45--0.80 g) and the inner cortical zone (zona fasciculata+zona reticularis) nearly quadruples in thickness (0.33--1.25 mm). The phase of rapid growth has begun by 136 days, and the growth patterns are essentially linear. The inner cortical zone consists of light and dark cells, the former increasing in number proportionately more than the dark cells. This change in the cell ratio is linked with increased fetal production of cortisol. As growth and differentiation proceed the light cells increasingly possess a more vesicular SER; mitochondria of the orthodox configuration, with predominantly vesicular cristae; a well developed Golgi complex with numerous small, bristle coated vesicles; and dark granules near the Golgi complex, in the peripheral cytoplasm, and external to the cells. The sixfold increase in the volume of the inner cortical zone and the ultrastructural evidence of cytodifferentiation appear adequate to account for the known increase in the fetal synthesis of cortisol during this stage of pregnancy.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1977

The sheep trophoblast and placental function: an ultrastructural study.

Both the uninucleate cubiodal epithelial cells and the binucleate giant cells of the sheep trophoblast undergo marked structural modifications during pregnancy. Uninucleate epithelial cells show ultrastructural features which may be correlated in temporal order, with the secretion of steroid hormones, the production of ovine placental lactogen, and the performance of normal non-endocrine placental activities. The binucleate cells appear to be of two main types, one concerned with glycogen storage, and the other with the synthesis of a glycoprotein secretory substance. The binucleate cells are always enclosed by a thin continuous lamina of cuboidal cell cytoplasm which separates them completely from the maternal syncytium and the fetal connective tissue. The cuboidal epithelial and binucleate giant cells may either be closely apposed or else separated by canals or spaces of varying complexity. The presence of these interfacial canals indicates that the ovine trophoblast is another example of an epithelium in which the local movement of water and solutes is mediated by standing gradient osmotic flow systems. Such flow systems may well be an integral part of eutherian placental transport mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Who best assesses Crohn's disease?

UNLABELLED: Knowledge of the presence and the degree of inflammation in Crohn's disease would be useful in multicentre therapeutic trials. Objectives; The purpose of the present study was two fold, a) to determine the relationship between clinical assessment of activity by two clinicians with four previously published indices, the Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI), the Van Hees activity index (AI), the simple index of Harvey and Bradsaw (SI) and the Fielding index and b) for the first time, to study the internal correlation between these four indices. METHODS: A hundred and ninety-four assessments were performed on 56 patients with Crohn's disease. Following each clinical assessment, the aforementioned indices were calculated. RESULTS: Both clinicians gave the same rating of activity in 81% (157) of assessments. A good relationship was observed between the median indical values and the clinical gradings for all four indices. The best relationship was demonstrated with the AI with no overlap in 50% values with increasing grades of disease activity. All four indices demonstrated a good correlation with each other (p < 0.01). The best correlation was observed between more objective indices the AI and the Fielding index (r = 0.79) for first assessments only. Conclusion. The Van Hees AI is a reliable measure of inflammatory activity in Crohn's disease and would be useful in multicentre therapeutic trials.

Adult↗