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Biomedical subjects

H Hojo

Publications and source records attributed to H Hojo.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for renovascular hypertension.

Five children with renovascular hypertension were treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, and followed for 12 to 32 months. Blood pressure fell to normal in four patients and improved in one. Angiographic and endocrinological improvements were associated with a fall in blood pressure and no complications were observed. Angioplasty is considered a safe, effective treatment for children with renovascular hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Monoclonal antibodies against human follicle-stimulating hormone.

Five monoclonal antibodies to human (h) FSH have been prepared, isolated, and characterized. They were produced by hybridomas derived from FO myeloma cells and spleen cells from mice immunized with hFSH or its beta-subunit (hFSH beta). Two of the antibodies (A101 and A102) which recognized the alpha-subunit of hFSH bound much better when alpha was associated with the beta-subunit forming the intact hFSH molecule than when alpha was in free form. These antibodies showed 9-10%, 2-3%, and 1-3% cross-reactions with alpha-subunits in hTSH, hCG, and hLH, respectively. Two antibodies (B201 and B202) recognized only free beta-subunit. One antibody (B305) recognized free beta-subunit and native hFSH. There was no significant cross-reaction of these antibodies to FSH beta with hTSH, hLH, and hCG. Using solid phase competitive binding and sandwich assays, we compared the epitopes for these antibodies. Antibodies A101 and A102 recognize the same epitope on hFSH alpha. Antibodies B201 and B202 recognize different epitopes, but they seemed to be adjacent. Antibody B305 bound a different epitope than B201 and B202. Such characteristics of these antibodies can be useful for sensitive and specific assay of hFSH or hFSH beta and also may be helpful in studying FSH interaction with its receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effect of sinomenine on antibody responses in mice.

Sinomenine, an epimorphinan alkaloid, was tested for the immunosuppressive effect in mice. This compound produced a decrease of plaque-forming cells (PFC) to a T cell-dependent antigen, sheep red blood cells, in vivo. The depression of the PFC response induced with sinomenine was dose and time dependent. On the other hand, it failed to suppress the PFC response to a T cell-independent antigen, lipopolysaccharide. The immunosuppressive dose of sinomenine did not alter the cellularity of spleen, thymus, bone marrow and peripheral blood leucocytes, the DNA synthesis activity of bone marrow cells nor the proliferative responses of spleen cells induced by T cell and B cell mitogens in unprimed mice. These data suggest a selective effect of sinomenine on lymphoid cells. This compound has a potential for use in studies of immuno-deficiencies or clarifying some aspect of immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Cytotoxic lymphocytes in rat tumor in situ: effect of intraperitoneal injections of Propionibacterium avidum.

In vitro cytotoxicity against tumor cells of lymphocytes in sc implanted BC47 bladder tumor of ACI/N rats with or without Propionibacterium avidum (P. avidum) treatment was studied. Tumor-associated lymphoid cells (TAL) were obtained from tumor tissues by mechanical treatment (NDi fraction) and by enzymatic treatment with Dispase I, a proteolytic enzyme (Di fraction), followed by passage through glass wool columns to deplete tumor cells. NDi fraction of TAL from P. avidum-treated animals showed a significant cytolytic activity against BC47 cells, but not against other ACI/N bladder tumor cell lines, BC12 and BC50. These TAL lost the cytolytic activity on treatment with anti-rat thymocyte serum or anti-rat T cell monoclonal antibodies, R1-3B3 and R1-10B5, and complement. Natural killer activity determined with YAC-1 cells was low in the cells of NDi fraction and scarcely detectable in the cells of Di fraction from both P. avidum-treated and untreated rats. These results indicate that the antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells in the tumor in situ are induced by in vivo P. avidum treatment. On the other hand, P. avidum treatment augmented nonspecific cytolytic activity of peripheral lymphoid cells such as plastic-nonadherent peritoneal cells, spleen cells and blood lymphocytes in normal and BC47-bearing rats. However, the antigen-specific cytolytic T cells were predominantly induced and recovered in the plastic nonadherent peritoneal cells of BC47-bearing rats by the treatment with P. avidum.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1985

Modulation of reticuloendothelial activity with liposomes.

The effect of multilamellar vesicles (MLV) on reticuloendothelial (RE) activity, as measured by the carbon clearance method, was investigated in mice. MLV were prepared with a mixture of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and a charged agent (7:2:1 molar ratio). RE activity was moderately depressed shortly (1-4 hr) after i.v. injection of all MLV tested; negatively charged MLV with dicetyl phosphate, positively charged MLV with stearylamine and neutral MLV without a charged agent. In the later time, either MLV with dicetyl phosphate or MLV with stearylamine caused a marked stimulation of reticulo-endothelial system (RES), but neutral MLV did not. A peak of RE activity resulted from the treatment of MLV with dicetyl phosphate appeared 48 hr after injection and then gradually returned to the normal level within 7 days. The depression and the enhancement of RE activity induced by the treatment of MLV with dicetyl phosphate were observed to be dose-related and significant at a dose of 1 mg/mouse and 0.3 mg/mouse, respectively. These results should be taken into consideration upon the use of liposomes as a drug carrier, or for blocking RES.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Sequential serum measurements of thyrotropin binding inhibitor immunoglobulin G in transient familial neonatal hypothyroidism.

Infants with transient neonatal hypothyroidism, in whom TSH binding inhibitor immunoglobulin G (IgG) (TBII) were sequentially measured, are described. Their mother had been taking thyroid replacement for hypothyroidism due to nongoitrous autoimmune thyroiditis. IgGs inhibiting TSH binding were detected in maternal sera by radioreceptor assay. These IgGs also inhibited the adenylate cyclase response to TSH in human thyroid membranes. Three infants had frank hypothyroidism immediately after birth, and TBII were detected in two of them. In the two surviving infants, hypothyroidism was transient and improved when TBII disappeared from their sera. The profile of TBII in one patient corresponded to the IgG disappearance curve. These findings suggest that the transient neonatal hypothyroidism reported was caused by transplacental transfer of TBII.

Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1983

Antitumor effect of actinomycin D entrapped in liposomes bearing subunits of tumor-specific monoclonal immunoglobulin M antibody.

Sonicated liposomes containing actinomycin D in the membranes were chemically coated with the subunits of monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody against a mouse mammary tumor-associated antigen (MM antigen) and examined for their in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects against MM46 (MM+) and MM48 (MM-) tumors of C3H/He mouse origin. The antibody-bearing, actinomycin D-containing liposomes (chemoimmunoliposomes) were selectively bound to MM+ tumor cells and showed much more in vitro cytotoxicity against the tumor cells than that shown by free actinomycin D. The in vivo antitumor effect of the chemoimmunoliposomes was tested on the mammary tumor cells (5 X 10(4) to 5 X 10(6) transplanted i.p. into syngeneic mice. A single i.p. injection of the chemoimmunoliposomes containing 0.3, 0.5, or 1 microgram of actinomycin D into MM46 tumor-bearing mice resulted in the cure of some mice and a prolonged survival time in the rest of the mice as compared to results in controls. In this test, free actinomycin D, anti-MM IgM antibody, and bovine serum albumin-coated liposomes containing actinomycin D were marginally effective or ineffective. To examine a systemic antitumor effect of chemoimmunoliposomes, mice were inoculated with MM46 tumor cells and then treated with a single i.v. injection of liposomes 4 days later. If the mice were pretreated with an i.v. injection of unmodified multilamellar liposomes, an injection of the chemoimmunoliposomes containing 1 microgram of actinomycin D resulted in a significant inhibition of tumor growth. Both free actinomycin D and bovine serum albumin-coated liposomes containing actinomycin D were ineffective against the s.c. tumor. These results indicate that an antitumor drug entrapped in the membranes of small sonicated liposomes bearing antitumor monoclonal antibodies can be delivered to antigenic tumor cells and exert more efficient antitumor activity than does the free drug.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Mixed lymphocyte-autologous tumor cell reaction with primary rat bladder tumors: difficulty in the discrimination of tumor-specific antigen.

The presence of tumor-specific or tumor-associated antigens in primary urinary bladder tumors induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) in ACI/N rats was examined by means of mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell culture. Bladder tumors (papilloma with cancer foci or cancer) induced by BBN treatment for 18 weeks or more (BT), epithelial cells from papillary hyperplasia induced by 6-week BBN treatment (PH), and normal bladder epithelial cells (NBE) were isolated from the bladder and used as stimulator cells after mitomycin C treatment. BT, PH and NBE all strongly stimulated the blastogenesis of the autologous lymphocytes on culture in medium containing fetal calf serum (FCS), but the spleen cells also stimulated the autologous lymphocytes in this medium. Although the magnitudes of blastogenesis were lower than those in FCS medium, on culture in medium containing rat serum, BT, PH and NBE, but not spleen cells, stimulated the blastogenesis of the autologous lymphocytes. The response with BT was significantly higher than the response with NBE, but there was no statistically significant difference between the response with BT and the response with PH. These results suggest that FCS medium, but not medium with rat serum, evokes the blastogenic response of lymphocytes cultured with autologous spleen cells, and that blastogenic responses with autologous bladder cancer can be produced by stimulation with some sort of tissue antigen present in normal or pre-neoplastic urinary bladder epithelial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[A case of arteriovenous malformation showed onset of symptoms on the late neonatal period].

Arteriovenous malformation ruptured in the neonatal period is rare. The authors report a case of arteriovenous malformation showed onset of symptoms on the late neonatal period. A female Japanese baby was born at full term. Neonatal history was uneventful until she had bad temper, pallor and vomiting on 23th day. Her head size increased abnormally until it was 42.5 cm when she was admitted to Shizuoka Children's Hospital with a diagnosis of possible hydrocephalus at 2 months old. CT scan showed a large cystic cavity communicated with the dilated lateral ventricles. The ventriculo-peritoneal shunt was performed, but unfortunately the shunt was removed for the suspicion of abdominal complication. At the age of 4 months, right retrograde brachial angiography showed a tangle of abnormal vascular channels in the right fronto-lateral basal region (15X13X8 mm in size), which was fed a frontopolar artery and drained to superior saggital sinus. Frontal osteoplastic craniotomy was performed and total arteriovenous malformation with a partial frontal lobe was excised. Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt was reinserted for the post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus. She was healthy on 3 years old with mild motor deficit.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Age related incidence of cavum septi pellucidi and cavum vergae on CT scans of pediatric patients.

The computed tomography scans of 1,050 infants and children with various degrees of neurological involvement were reviewed to determine the incidence of cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) and cavum Vergae (CV). The incidence was 10% in patients under 1 year, gradually decreasing to 5 to 6% at 2 to 5 years, 2.7% at 6 to 9 years, and 2.3% at 10 to 14 years, with an average rate of 5.5%. An attempt was made to assess possible relationships between clinical syndromes (convulsive disorders, developmental delays, and others) and the presence of CSP-CV. No solid statistical evidence of such relationships could be established.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Cytotoxic cells induced in tumor-bearing rats by a streptococcus preparation (OK-432).

The characteristics of the cytotoxic cells induced by ip injections of an immunoadjuvant, OK-432 (Picibanil), into ACI/N rats bearing syngeneic bladder cancer, BC47, were examined. The cytostatic activity, but not the cytolytic activity, of peritoneal macrophages was augmented when either normal or cancer-bearing rats were treated with OK-432. In contrast, the plastic nonadherent cells of the peritoneal exudate cells from OK-432-treated cancer bearing rats, but not lymph node cells or spleen cells, killed all ACI/N rat bladder cancers tested as well as ACI/N rat hepatoma cells and Meth-A mouse sarcoma cells. The plastic nonadherent cells from OK-432-treated normal rats also killed hepatoma cells and Meth-A cells, but not bladder cancer cells. The cytolytic cells that were induced in cancer-bearing rats by OK-432 treatment and showed cytolytic activity specific for bladder cancer were found to be sensitive to anti-rat thymocyte serum and complement, nylon-adherent, and Fc receptor-negative. The cells that showed nonselective cytolytic activity were nylon-adherent and insensitive to anti-rat thymocyte serum and complement.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Subclinical changes in brain morphology following cardiac operations as reflected by computed tomographic scans of the brain.

Effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and hypothermic circulatory arrest on brain morphology were evaluated by computed tomography (CT). Of 57 children undergoing cardiac operations, 45 (4.5 +/- 2.8 years of age) were operated upon with the use of CPB with high-flow, mildly hypothermic perfusions. Twenty-seven of them were perfused with bubble oxygenators and 18 with membrane oxygenators. In the bubble oxygenator group, all 14 with 20 mu filters in the arterial line showed no postoperative CT changes, whereas four of 13 (31%) with 40 mu filters or without filters showed decreases in brain mass on CT scans. Three of these four patients underwent perfusion for more than 80 minutes. There were no CT changes in the membrane oxygenator group. Twelve infants (10.4 +/- 4.5 months of age) were operated upon with the aid of deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest (core temperature below 20 degrees C). Ten of 12 who had circulatory arrest for less than 60 minutes showed no CT changes, but two infants who had circulatory arrest for more than 60 minutes showed changes similar to those described above. All six children with CT changes had no clinical manifestation of the brain damage, and their CT abnormalities recovered within 6 to 11 months after operation. The specific cause of these changes remains undetermined, but microemboli or hypoxia during operation could be implicated.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1980

Cytological characters, transformation, and ontogenesis of dermal histiocytes and fibroblasts of rats.

Cell morphology of histiocytes and fibroblasts was observed light- and electron microscopically in the subcutaneous connective tissue of unstimulated adult rats. Striking ultrastructural differences between them were noted in the cell surface characters, extent and development of endoplasmic reticula, especially of rough-surfaced ones, and volumes of lysosomal components. Rosetting assays revealed that histiocytes were positive for EA- and EAC-rosette formation and capable of engaging in immunophagocytosis. However, fibroblasts were negative for both rosettings. In the experiments of vital staining with lithium carmine, Fesin phagocytosis, carrageenin granuloma formation, in vivo culture by intraperitoneal implantation of diffusion chambers, and subculture, cytological changes of histiocytes or macrophages and fibroblasts, as well as their transformation, were investigated. Although fibroblasts often simulated histiocytes under certain stimulated conditions, no transformation of fibroblasts into histiocytes was confirmed. Ontogenetically, histiocytes already existed in the subepidermal mesenchyme of rat fetuses before differentiation of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells into fibroblasts and showed no relationship to the fibroblasts. Ultrastructural cell morphology and cultural characteristics of the fetal histiocytes were presented and their possible origin was discussed briefly.

Animals↗