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Biomedical subjects

H Hodge

Publications and source records attributed to H Hodge.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

The effects of ovariohysterectomy plus different combinations of halothane anaesthesia and butorphanol analgesia on behaviour in the bitch.

One hundred and sixty-six behaviours were identified as possible indices of post-operative pain-induced distress in the bitch. These were assessed in bitches after treatment with different combinations of halothane and butorphanol in the absence of surgery and following ovariohysterectomy under halothane anaesthesia with or without butorphanol analgesia given at different stages during the operation. Behaviour was monitored while the bitches were alone (non-interactive) and when routinely examined and handled prior to blood sampling (interactive). Seventy-six of the 166 behaviours occurred so infrequently (less than two occurrences per hour) as to be of no value as indices. Non-interactive behaviours associated with surgery were a decrease in normal speed cage circling and an increase in drawing the rear limbs up in the pike position. The infrequent non-interactive behaviours of incision licking, vomiting and flank gazing were considered to be expressions of pain caused by ovariohysterectomy. During the post-surgical period, bitches given analgesic moved less frequently than those not receiving analgesic. Vocalisation was associated with dysphoria of analgesia rather than pain-induced distress. The behaviour of bitches after ovariohysterectomy suggests that this is a painful procedure which warrants analgesia.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed1996

Pharmacokinetic interactions between repeated dose phenylbutazone and gentamicin in the horse.

This study examined the pharmacokinetics of steady-state phenylbutazone and single bolus intravenous gentamicin when administered together in the horse. The trial design was completed as a cross-over with seven thoroughbred horses. In the first phase each horse received 2.2 mg/kg gentamicin intravenously. After a 2-week washout, each horse received 4.4 mg/kg phenylbutazone intravenously every 24 h for 5 days. On the fourth day each horse received gentamicin as before. Plasma was harvested for gentamicin concentration determination by fluorescence polarization immunoassay and for phenylbutazone concentration determination by high-performance liquid chromatography. All gentamicin data were best approximated by a two-compartment open model using sequential, weighted non-linear regression. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using model-dependent formulae. Phenylbutazone data were analysed by non-compartmental methods. Phenylbutazone induced a 49% increase in the rate of gentamicin return to the central compartment from peripheral tissues (k21) (P < 0.05) and there was a trend to a 24% increase in k12 (P = 0.052). The gentamicin elimination half-life was decreased 23% and the Vd(urea) was reduced by 26%. No induction by gentamicin of changes in phenylbutazone pharmacokinetics were detected. In summary, phenylbutazone induced changes to the rate and extent of distribution and elimination of gentamicin. Therefore, care should be exercised in the use of aminoglycosides in equine patients concurrently maintained on phenylbutazone.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Inflammatory mediators in equine synovial fluid.

Enzyme immunoassay for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and radioimmunoassays for prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) were performed on synovial fluid from normal middle carpal joints of 10 horses, and from 30 middle carpal or antebrachiocarpal joints of horses affected by degenerative joint disease and chip fractures to compare the concentrations of inflammatory mediators. Significantly greater concentrations of PGE2 were detected in fluid from affected than from control joints, but there were no significant differences in the mean concentrations of PGF2 alpha, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and LTB4.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Collagen fibril diameter distributions in ligaments and tendons of the carpal region of the horse.

Since horses bred for the racing industry are subject to rigorous training procedures there is a real need to understand how the stresses experienced by their tendons and ligaments in vivo relate to the major load-bearing elements-the collagen fibrils. Consequently, an age-related study has been made of the collagen fibril diameter distributions of nine ligaments in and around the equine carpus. This is the first stage of a larger study aimed at understanding the ultrastructural changes that occur as a result of exercise. Most of the ligaments showed a bimodal diameter distribution at maturity, and decreased diameters at old age as the fibrils break down. The scaphocapitate ligament, however, was unique in that the constituent fibrils were small, almost invariant in diameter with age, and had a unimodal distribution of sizes. The mechanical attributes of these tissues, as deduced from a theoretical analysis of the diameter distributions, are consistent with observation.

Aging↗
PubMed1995

Post natal development of canine caudal cervical vertebrae.

The morphology and post natal ossification of the fifth, sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae of 51 crossbred puppies (aged from birth to 12 weeks) were examined grossly, histologically and radiographically. At birth there were two centres of ossification, one in the vertebral body and one in the base of each pedicle of the neural arch. By one month of age secondary centres of ossification were present in the cranial and caudal epiphyses of the vertebral body. By two months of age these epiphyseal centres began to show signs of closure. Endochondral ossification of the neural arch occurred from a single centre of ossification within each pedicle with bony fusion of the laminae occurring by one month of age. In addition the dimensions of the neural canal were measured. The difference between the caudal and cranial sagittal diameters of each vertebra was 1 mm or less. It was concluded that, after one month of age, the shape of the neural canal can be influenced only by changes within the physes between the vertebral body and the neural arch or by the remodelling of bone formed by intramembranous ossification.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in hyperthyroid cats.

One hundred and thirty-four male and female hyperthyroid cats (mean age 11.9 years) were tested for the presence of feline immunodeficiency virus antibodies. Thirty-two (23.9%) were positive. The prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus antibodies was greater in male cats (30.5%) than in female cats (17.2%). The prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in hyperthyroid cats is similar to the prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus in the sick cat population and less than that of sick aged cats at the Massey University Clinic and Hospital. The findings of this survey do not support involvement of feline immunodeficiency virus in the pathogenesis of hyperthyroidism in the cat.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Chlamydia infection in cats in New Zealand.

Conjunctival swabs collected in 1991-92 from 333 pedigree and non-pedigree cats were tested for the presence of Chlamydia spp. antigen using an ELISA antigen kit. Forty (18.4%) of the 217 samples from cats with conjunctivitis were positive. Seven (6%) of 116 samples from cats which were in contact with cats with conjunctivitis but which showed no clinical signs at the time of sample collection were positive. Positive-testing cats were frequently from multi-cat households. Chlamydia spp. is present and associated with conjunctivitis in cats in New Zealand. Infection may occur concurrently with viral diseases. Feline calicivirus was recovered from 27 (21 with conjunctivitis) of 37 cats tested in five catteries. Four cats (with conjunctivitis) were FIV-positive.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Changes in plasma cortisol concentrations before, during and after analgesia, anaesthesia and anaesthesia plus ovariohysterectomy in bitches.

Plasma cortisol concentrations were determined before, during and after analgesia, anaesthesia and anaesthesia plus ovariohysterectomy in six New Zealand border collie cross bitches. The treatments were: control, analgesia with butorphanol, anaesthesia with thiopentone sodium, halothane and oxygen and anaesthesia plus surgery. In addition, each bitch was given an ACTH challenge. All the bitches showed transient increases in plasma cortisol concentrations and the integrated cortisol responses (calculated as the area under the cortisol curve above the pre-treatment concentration) for 6.25 hours after treatment increased in the order: control, anaesthesia, analgesia, surgery. The control group had increased cortisol concentrations attributable to the excitement from handling. The plasma cortisol concentrations of the group subjected to surgery were greater than the other groups for at least 6.25 hours, with an approximately four-fold increase above pre-treatment values, but they had returned to pre-treatment levels after 24 hours.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1993

Rhodococcus equi-associated osteomyelitis in foals.

Two cases of Rhodococcus equi infection in foals are described, in which osteomyelitis was a feature. Because rhodococcal infection is usually low grade and chronic, and because the signs of early metaphysitis can be subtle, any articular or periarticular swelling in a foal from a farm with a history of rhodococcosis should be strongly suspected to be associated with R equi until proven otherwise.

Actinomycetales Infections↗
PubMed1988

Going back to basics.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Centralized Hospital Services↗
PubMed1982

Fluoride balance studies in healthy men during bed rest with and without a fluoride supplement..

In a program of studies of disuse osteoporosis, fluoride balances were determined in healthy men during ambulation and then during bed rest for 6 to 17 wk. Control subjects ingested basal diets containing 0.4 mg fluoride per day, whereas experimental subjects received 10-mg fluoride supplements in divided doses with meals. Fluoride and calcium were measured in diets, urine, and feces. Serum analyses included calcium and ionic fluoride. Fluoride balances during both phases were uniformly negative in control subjects (mean -0.46 mg/day) but uniformly positive in supplement subjects (mean +2.58 mg/day). Calcium balances were markedly negative during bed rest in both groups. Serum fluoride concentrations increased proportionally to fluoride intake, averaging 0.016 ppm in the controls and 0.045 ppm in the supplement subjects. The supplement of 10 mg fluoride daily did not protect against bed rest-induced calcium loss, or cause any clinical or laboratory abnormality in any subject.

Adult↗