Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Hirayama

Publications and source records attributed to H Hirayama.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Correlation between nucleolar organizer region score and bromodeoxyuridine labeling index in C6 glioma cell line.

Correlation between the mean number of nucleolar organizer region-associated argyrophilic proteins (AgNORs) per cell and BrdU labeling index (LI), the percentage of S-phase cells, was investigated in vitro using rat C6 glioma cells under several different conditions such as increased concentration of fetal calf serum (FCS) in a stepwise manner in medium. In addition, the effect of dibutyryladenosine cyclic monophosphate (d-cAMP) on the mean number of AgNORs and the BrdU LI was examined. C6 glioma cells cultured with no FCS showed 5.1% BrdU LI and 3.46 AgNOR score. BrdU LI and AgNOR score of the cells cultured with 1% FCS were 26.5% and 6.25, respectively. Those with 5% FCS were 44.7% and 8.41, with 10% FCS; 49.8% and 10.85, and with 20% FCS; 48.4% and 10.64. Treatment of d-cAMP with 10% FCS induced morphological differentiation and reduced BrdU LI (9.4%) and AgNORs score (4.90), compared with C6 cells cultured in medium containing 10% FCS without d-cAMP. Thus, the BrdU LI and AgNOR score of the C6 cells cultured under several different concentration of FCS were shown to be well linearly related (r = 0.97) and both values were decreased with morphological alteration of C6 glioma cells in the presence of 1 mM d-cAMP.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Nucleolar organizer regions in vascular and neoplastic cells of human gliomas.

The number of nucleolar organizer regions in vascular cells and neoplastic cells of human gliomas was counted by a combined staining technique: one-step silver colloid method for nucleolar organizer region-associated argyrophilic protein (AgNOR) and periodic acid-Schiff staining for basement membrane of vascular components. The number of AgNORs (mean +/- SD) in the vascular and neoplastic cells of various tumors tested was as follows: benign astrocytoma (Grade 2, n = 4), 1.52 +/- 0.07 and 1.80 +/- 0.13, respectively; anaplastic astrocytoma (Grade 3, n = 7), 1.98 +/- 0.23 and 2.87 +/- 0.50; and glioblastoma multiforme (Grade 4, n = 11), 2.05 +/- 0.29 and 3.13 +/- 1.13. AgNOR scores in vascular cells of benign astrocytomas, anaplastic astrocytomas, and glioblastomas were significantly higher than those of vascular cells in normal brain tissue without neoplastic alteration (1.26 +/- 0.05; n = 3; P less than 0.01, P less than 0.001, and P less than 0.001, respectively). Moreover, the AgNOR scores of vascular cells in high-grade gliomas (Grades 3 and 4) were significantly higher than those in low-grade gliomas (Grade 2) (P less than 0.01). These results indicate that the proliferative activity of both vascular and neoplastic cells in gliomas increased as histological malignancy advanced, and that the quantification of AgNORs was useful in evaluating proliferative activity in vascular cells as well as in assessing the malignancy of neoplastic tissues.

Anaplasia↗
PubMed1991

[Epidemiological study on Chlamydia trachomatis infection in obstetrics and gynecology field in Tokyo].

In conjunction with the Tokyo Branch of Japan Association for Maternal Welfare, we have been carrying out examinations of Chlamydial infection on women, especially pregnant women, living in Tokyo. Specimens were collected from 212 gyneco-obstetric clinics in Tokyo during 4 years from January 1987-December 1990. A total of 13,925 swab specimens from patients who were suspected of sexually transmitted diseases from clinical findings and pregnant women who requested the examination were tested for the presence of antigen to C. trachomatis with EIA (Chlamydiazyme). Epidemiological analysis based on the results and case cards that were described sex, age, occupation and clinical findings were conducted. The results obtained are briefly summarized as follows. 1) C. trachomatis antigen was detected in 12.8% (1,237/9,657) of the female patients, 31.0% (124/400) of the male patients and 6.8% (10/168) of the infants. The detection rates of C. trachomatis antigen in the male patients was significantly higher than that in the female and the infants patients. C. trachomatis antigen was detected in 6.1% (226/3,683) of pregnant women. 2) The detection rates of C. trachomatis antigen were compared by occupation of female patients. Most high rate was 26.6% (53/199) in bar hostess , subsequently 20.1% (102/508) in students, 19.8% (59/298) in prostitutes, 13.6% (455/3,348) in office girls and 7.2% (471/6,573) in house-wives. It was noteworthy that the detection rates of C. trachomatis antigen in students was as similarly high as that in prostitutes. 3) The detection rates of C. trachomatis antigen was also compared by age groups. The detection rate had a tendency to be high in younger people.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Urinary Tamm-Horsfall protein excretion in patients with primary vesicoureteral reflux.

The excretion of urinary Tamm-Horsefall protein (THP) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated with technetium-99m diethylenetriamine pentacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) renal scintigraphy in 26 consecutive patients with primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) before and after antireflux surgery. Wide variations of urinary THP excretion and GFR were seen in all grades of VUR. On the basis of the relationship between urinary THP excretion and GFR before the surgery, patients were divided into three groups. The first group (group A, n = 8) had normal urinary THP values and normal values of GFR. The second group (group B, n = 11) had high THP excretion and moderately decreased GFR, the third group (group C, n = 7) had normal urinary THP excretion and severely decreased GFR. In group A, urinary THP values remained normal and GFR improved in all patients after surgery. In group B, GFR improved when urinary THP dropped immediately, but GFR did not improve when urinary THP remained high after surgery. In group C, GFR did not improve and urinary THP continued to be low or tended to drop again after the surgery. The results suggested that serial measurements of urinary THP excretion and GFR by 99mTc-DTPA renal scintigraphy before and after antireflux surgery are useful for the evaluation of renal function in patients with primary VUR.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Complete amino acid sequence of luffin-b, a ribosome-inactivating protein from sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica) seeds.

The complete amino acid sequence of luffin-b has been determined. All the twenty-seven tryptic peptides were isolated by reverse-phase HPLC from the tryptic digests of intact luffin-b and one of its CNBr fragments (CB4), and sequenced using the DABITC/PITC double coupling method. The overlap of these peptides was achieved by analyzing the CNBr fragments and their chymotryptic peptides. Luffin-b consists of 250 amino acid residues with a relative molecular mass of 27,275 Da. Investigation for glycosylation sites indicated that Asn at positions 2, 78, and 85 might carry sugars. Sequence comparison with luffin-a showed that amino acid substitution occurred in 55 positions. Luffin-b contains three glycosylation sites instead of the six sites in luffin-a, of which two were found to be conserved.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of flomoxef in perinatal period].

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of flomoxef (FMOX) in perinatal period were carried out and the following results were obtained. 1. Concentrations of FMOX in maternal serum, umbilical cord serum and amniotic fluid were determined subsequently to intravenous injection (4 cases) and intravenous drip infusion method (20 cases) of 1 g FMOX. Maternal serum levels were similar to those of healthy adults, and peak levels of umbilical cord sera and amniotic fluids were 12.0 micrograms/ml and 12.05 micrograms/ml, respectively, using intravenous drip infusion. The levels in amniotic fluids were higher than those in umbilical cord sera at 2 hours after treatment in either administration method. Parameters T 1/2 (beta) and AUC were 1.05 hours and 74.1 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively. 2. In the treatment of 4 cases with perinatal infection and in prophylaxis cases, clinical efficacies of FMOX were all good with 1 g twice daily treatment using intravenous drip infusion. No side effects nor abnormal laboratory test values due to the drug were observed in any cases. These results indicate that single intravenous drip infusion of FMOX 1-2 g twice daily is effective for the treatment and the prophylaxis of perinatal infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Immunohistochemical demonstration of the placental form of glutathione S-transferase, a detoxifying enzyme in human gliomas.

Expression of the human placental form of glutathion S-transferase (GST-pi) in human gliomas was investigated by immunohistochemical methods, and the result was compared with that of normal human glial cells. The gliomas in this study were composed of five benign astrocytomas (Grade 2), ten anaplastic astrocytomas (Grade 3), and 16 glioblastomas (Grade 4). Normal human glial cells showed only a weak immunostaining response for GST-pi in the cytoplasm or some nuclear membranes. All of benign astrocytomas had diffusely weak GST-pi immunostaining, resembling that of normal glial cells. With increasing grade, gliomas showed a strongly positive reaction for GST-pi. The positive reactions were remarkable especially in the gemistocytes and giant cells in the high-grade gliomas. These results suggest that cells of gliomas have some detoxifying function and the expression of this detoxifying enzyme, GST-pi, is related to the degree of malignancy of the gliomas.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1990

A physiological model for renal drug metabolism: enalapril esterolysis to enalaprilat in the isolated perfused rat kidney.

A physiologically based kidney model was developed to describe the metabolism of enalapril and explain the observed discrepancies between generated and preformed enalaprilat (metabolite) elimination in the constant flow single-pass and recirculating isolated perfused rat kidney preparations (IPKs) as a result of the differing points of origin of the metabolite within the kidney, subsequent to the simultaneous delivery of 14C-enalapril and 3H-enalaprilat. The model incorporated clearances for diffusion/transport of drug and metabolite across the basolateral and luminal membranes of the renal cells, an intrinsic clearance for renal drug metabolism, in addition to physiological variables such as perfusate flow rate, glomerular filtration rate, and urine flow rate. Nonlinear curve fitting of single-pass and recirculating data was performed to estimate the rate-limiting step in the renal elimination of enalaprilat. Through fitting and simulation procedures, we were able to predict metabolic and excretory events for enalapril (renal extraction ratio approximately equal to 0.25-0.3; fractional excretion, FE, was less than unity) and the relatively constant pattern of urinary excretion of preformed enalaprilat (extraction ratio approximately equal to 0.07; FE approximately equal to 1). The extraction ratio of the intrarenally formed enalaprilat in single-pass IPK was about twofold that for the preformed metabolite, whereas the FEs of generated enalaprilat in recirculating IPKs were greater than 1, and tended to increase, then decrease with perfusion time. These observations were explained by the optimized parameters which indicated that efflux from cell to lumen was rate-controlling in the excretion of enalaprilat, and another small transport barrier also existed at the basolateral membrane; the lower extraction ratio of preformed enalaprilat was due to its poor transmembrane clearance at the basolateral membrane. The variable FEs for generated enalaprilat vs. the relatively constant FE for preformed metabolite in the recirculating IPK was explained by the changing contributions of both circulating and intrarenal metabolite to metabolite excretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Immunohistochemical expression of glutathione S-transferase placental type (GST-pi), a detoxifying enzyme, in normal arachnoid villi and meningiomas.

Human normal dura mater containing arachnoid villi were examined for their expression of glutathione S-transferase placental type (GST-pi), a detoxifying enzyme, using an immunohistochemical method. All of the arachnoid villi and arachnoid cells in five normal cases were found to have expression of GST-pi, although no positive reaction for the enzyme was present in other tissues of the dura mater. The results show a possible role for arachnoid tissues in protecting human brain from hazardous xenobiotics in the cerebrospinal fluid. Twenty-six meningiomas were also examined for expression of the enzyme. Tissues of meningotheliomatous meningiomas were always positive for expression of the enzyme. Transitional meningiomas also showed the expression in their meningotheliomatous components. No staining reaction of GST-pi was recognized in fibroblastic meningiomas except for two cases with a tendency to meningotheliomatous differentiation. The findings suggest a functional similarity between the arachnoid tissues and meningotheliomatous components of meningiomas.

Arachnoid↗
PubMed1990

Correlation between nucleolar organizer region staining and Ki-67 immunostaining in human gliomas.

Fourteen cases of various grades of gliomas were investigated by an immunohistochemical method using a monoclonal antibody, Ki-67, which reacted with a nuclear antigen in proliferating cells, and the correlation between Ki-67 labeling index and the number of nucleolar organizer regions stained by an argyrophilic method. Four normal brain tissue samples without neoplastic cells, which were obtained at surgery, were also examined for nucleolar organizer region staining. Both the mean number of nucleolar organizer regions and the percentage of Ki-67 positive cells well reflected the histological grade of gliomas (astrocytoma grade 2: Ki-67, 0.5% and nucleolar organizer regions, 1.6; astrocytoma grade 3: Ki-67, 3% and nucleolar organizer regions, 2.5; astrocytoma grade 4: Ki-67, 5.2% and nucleolar organizer regions, 2.8). Also, the percentage of Ki-67 positive cells and the mean number of nucleolar organizer regions were found to be linearly related (r = 0.91). Both values of high-grade astrocytomas were significantly greater than those of low-grade astrocytomas (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001). Thus, the mean number of nucleolar organizer regions as well as Ki-67 labeling index reflect the proliferating potential of gliomas.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1990

Characteristics of the neutron field in the KEK counter hall.

We have measured the neutron leakage spectra outside the shielding in the KEK counter hall using a multisphere technique supplemented by the 12C(n, 2n)11C reaction in a carbon activation detector. The neutron spectra were derived from the measurements using the LOUHI78 unfolding code. The shape of these unfolded neutron spectra matched very closely that of spectra calculated by O'Brien and McLaughlin. A comparison of the dose equivalent as derived from the spectra with that measured by a neutron dose equivalent meter confirmed that the dose equivalent meter measurements usually underestimate the dose equivalent by at least 30%.

Methods↗
PubMed1990

[Extra-weak chemiluminescence of drugs. X. Extra-weak chemiluminescence quenching component of rhubarb].

Active components contained in rhubarb (Rhei Rhizoma) that show a quenching effect of extra-week chemiluminescence (CL) arising from Maillard reaction, had been studied. As the result of fractionation and purification of rhubarb, CL quenching activity was found to exist mainly in the fraction of quinone derivatives as emodin, aloe-emodin or rhein. The authentic samples of these quinones showed high CL quenching activities.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
PubMed1990

[Pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluations on aztreonam in perinatal infections in obstetrics and gynecology. A study of aztreonam in the perinatal co-research group].

Pharmacokinetics and clinical studies on an injectable monobactam antibiotic aztreonam (AZT), were carried out in perinatal infections in obstetrics and gynecology and the obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. Pharmacokinetic study (1) Upon one-shot intravenous injection of AZT 1 g before delivery, maternal serum concentration of AZT was 89.0 micrograms/ml immediately after the injection and a half-life (T 1/2) of 0.96 hour was observed. Umbilical-cord serum concentration showed a peak value of 16.5 micrograms/ml at 1.26 hours after the injection and gradually decreased with a T 1/2 of 1.91 hours. The transfer into amniotic fluid was observed and the peak value of AZT in amniotic fluid reached 12.9 micrograms/ml at 5.57 hours after the injection and slowly decreased thereafter with a T 1/2 of 4.42 hours. Transfer and disappearance in one-shot 2 g intravenous injection and 1 g intravenous drip infusion (1 hour) of AZT were very similar to the results obtained with the one-shot 1 g intravenous injection. (2) The residual serum concentration in neonates after one-shot 1 g intravenous injection of AZT to the mother was almost below the detectable limit. Transfer of AZT into milk was scarcely recognized. 2. Clinical studies (1) AZT was injected to 47 cases with various perinatal infections and it was more than "effective" in 45 cases with an efficacy rate of 95.7%. Also, all the 12 cases to which AZT was administered for prophylaxis of infections showed prophylactic effect. Bacterial eradication was obtained with 25 strains out of 29 aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, but 1 strain "persisted" and for 3 strains results were "unknown", hence an eradication rate of 96.2% was obtained. However, AZT treatment resulted in a little lower eradication rate against Gram-positive bacteria. (2) One case (1.3%) of minor degree of urticaria was found as a side effect, and one case each of eosinophilia and elevation of GOT, GPT and Al-P was observed as abnormal laboratory value. From the above results of pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluation, it has been concluded that AZT is a useful and highly safe drug in various perinatal infections and prophylaxis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Cumulative survival rate of chemotherapy with CDDP for malignant ovarian tumors].

The current study covered 159 patients with primary malignant ovarian carcinoma who underwent various kinds of chemotherapy between 1977 and 1987. The cases in each stage were first divided into two groups. Group A (CDDP Group) and Group B (non-CDDP Group), for comparative analysis. The stage I Group was further divided into Subgroup A (CAP Group) and Subgroup B (FAM Group). Similarly, the Stage III Group was subdivided into Subgroup A (three or more courses of ip administration of CDDP). Subgroup B (three or more courses of iv administration of CDDP centering on CAP), Subgroup C (FAM Group), and Subgroup D (non-CDDP Group). In Stage I, the five-year survival rate in Group A was 94% and the comparable figure in Group B was 59%. In Stage III, the two-year and five-year survival rates were 31% and 11% for Group A as opposed to 24% and 18% for Group B. In Stage Ia, the five-year survival rate for Subgroup A was 90% as compared to 75% for Subgroup B. In Stage III, the two-year survival rate for Subgroup A was 67% as compared to 28% for Subgroup B and 30% for Subgroup C. This indicated a very good prognosis in Subgroup A as compared with the other two subgroups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Transplacental transfer and clinical application of aztreonam].

Preclinical and clinical studies on aztreonam (AZT) in the perinatal period were carried out and the results are summarized below. 1. Concentrations of AZT in maternal serum, umbilical cord serum and amniotic fluid were measured after intravenous injection of AZT 1 g and 2 g, and intravenous drip infusion of AZT 1 g. As results, the transfer of AZT into umbilical cord serum started to increase in 1 to 2 hours, and the transfer of AZT into amniotic fluid started to increase after an elapse of 2 hours. Upon the intravenous injection of 2 g, AZT concentration in amniotic fluid was as high as 27.1 micrograms/ml even at 10 hours 30 minutes after the injection, and it was still 6.9 micrograms/ml at 20 hours or more after the injection. 2. AZT 2 g/day (b.i.d.) was administered by intravenous drip infusion to 1 perinatal infection case with pyelonephritis. It was clinically effective and neither side effect nor abnormal laboratory test value was observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Malignant cerebellar astrocytic tumours in children.

The authors reviewed 5 cases of histopathologically verified malignant cerebellar astrocytic tumours (2 anaplastic astrocytomas and 3 glioblastomas) in children admitted to our department. All cases exhibited symptoms and signs of increased intracranial pressure and of a cerebellar lesion. Brain stem symptoms were present in 4 cases. All of the tumours were located in or near the midline of the cerebellum with no large cyst. Surgical removal (70 to 90% removal) of the tumour was performed in 4 cases. In one case only a biopsy was done. Even with subsequent follow-up treatment including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and/or immunotherapy, the course of the disease could not be reversed, and all of the children died 3 to 13 months (mean 7 months) after admission due to tumour re-growth or recurrence. Tumour dissemination along the walls of the ventricular system was seen in 2 cases, and was considered to be a peculiar, fatal form of tumour recurrence in patients with this type of tumour. Malignant cerebellar astrocytic tumours in children have an extremely poor prognosis. Until, improved therapy is available to counteract this tragic consequence, it will remain so.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Prediction of individual dosage requirements for lignocaine: a validation study for Bayesian forecasting in Japanese patients.

The performance of the Bayesian feedback method for predicting lignocaine dosage developed by Vozeh et al. was evaluated in 53 Japanese patients, treated for either suppression or prophylaxis of ventricular arrhythmias, with respect to accuracy, precision, efficiency, and safety. The lignocaine serum concentrations at 12 h (C12) and 24 h (C24) after continuous infusion was started were predicted and compared retrospectively using the early concentration at 2-4 h (C2-4). The mean of the prediction error (PE) and the root mean-squared error (RMSE) were used as a measure of accuracy and precision. The 95% confidence interval of PE for C12 included zero, but those of PE for C24, whether C2-4 was used alone or in combination with C12, were less than zero, meaning that the prediction of C24 was significantly biased. The RMSE for C12 (13.2%) was less than that for C24 (16.2%), but the difference was not statistically significant. The fraction of measurements lying within the statistically approximate 68% prediction interval (+/- 1 SD) was used to evaluate the estimate of the SD of prediction. The fraction of measurements inside the prediction interval was significantly larger than the expected 68% for both C12 and C24 (p less than 0.05), showing that the estimate of the size of the PE is biased on the safer side. The clinical effects of lignocaine were also evaluated from the viewpoints of suppression of number of ventricular premature beats, prevention of more severe grades of arrhythmias, and toxicity. At least the appearance of toxicity, which four patients exhibited, was related to the lignocaine serum concentration (greater than 6 micrograms/ml).

Adult↗