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Biomedical subjects

H Higashino

Publications and source records attributed to H Higashino.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Clinical evaluation of a new parenteral cephem, cefozopran, in children].

Cefozopran (CZOP, SCE-2787), a new parenteral cephem, was evaluated for its antibacterial activity and clinical efficacy. CZOP, 24.0-78.0 mg/kg/day, was given to 11 pediatric patients in 3 dose a day via 30-minute drip infusion. Clinically evaluated were nine patients including 4 with acute pneumonia, 2 with urinary tract infections, 2 with lymphadenitis and 1 with sepsis. Two patients were excluded because of possible non-bacterial infections. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 5, good in 3 and fair in 1. Bacteriological responses were confirmed for 5 strains in 5 patients. Four strains were eradicated, but one strain was not. MICs of CZOP were equal to those of ceftazidime. Side effects or abnormal laboratory test results were observed in 3 patients; diarrhea in 1, elevated GPT in 1 and thrombocytosis in 1, but none of them was significant.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1992

Comparative studies on the extractability of collagen from aortas of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats.

The molecular states of collagen in the aortas of age-matched stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were studied by analyzing its extractability under defined conditions. The monomeric and oligomeric collagen extractable with 0.5 M acetic acid/6 M urea from aortic homogenates of 9-month-old SHRSP and WKY comprised approx. 0.6 and 2.0%, respectively, of the total collagen. On incubation of the acetic acid/urea-extracted residues with pepsin at 4 degrees C, the levels of the collagen alpha 1(I) and alpha 2(I) chains solubilized from the SHRSP residues were both less than 50% of those from the WKY residues. When the residues were incubated with pepsin at 15 or 25 degrees C, the differences became smaller. When the acetic acid/urea residues were hydrolyzed with cyanogen bromide, nearly identical peptide maps were obtained for SHRSP and WKY. The aortas from 2-month-old SHRSP and WKY contained much larger proportions of acid/urea-extractable collagen than those of the older rats (8.2 and 13% of the respective total collagen). The levels of the alpha 1(I) and alpha 2(I) chains solubilizable from the respective residues by pepsin at 4 degrees C were similar to each other. These results indicate that aortic collagen fibrils in SHRSP are stiffened more prominently than those in WKY.

Aging↗
PubMed1992

[A case with delayed-onset radiation pneumonitis suspected to be induced by oral etoposide].

Radiation pneumonitis usually occurs within 1-3 months after the completion of radiation therapy. A 63-year-old male with primary lung cancer treated by radiation therapy developed radiation pneumonitis 5 months after the completion of radiation therapy. He received 60 Gy to the lung tumor in a conventional fractionation schedule, and then two courses of intravenous chemotherapy using cis-diamine-dichloroplatinum (II) (110-140 mg) and etoposide (140-175 mg). Oral etoposide was initiated for bone metastases on the 104th day after the completion of radiation therapy at a daily dose of 20 mg, to a total dose of 1075 mg. He complained of fever and exertional dyspnea 5 months after the completion of radiation therapy. Chest radiography showed homogeneous infiltrates in the irradiated lung. These clinical signs and symptoms were refractory to antibiotic therapy, but steroid therapy resulted in marked improvement. The development of radiation pneumonitis was suspected to be induced by oral etoposide, which was given before the onset of radiation pneumonitis. These data suggest that etoposide induces a recall phenomenon, as has been demonstrated with such drugs as adriamycin and actinomycin-D.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

[Inhibitory effects of Siamese Tinospora crispa extracts on the carrageenin-induced foot pad edema in rats (the 1st report)].

The naturally occurring Tinospora crispa (T.c.) at Chiang Mai in Thailand has been found to inhibit carrageenin-induced foot pad edema. Compared with the control group, oral administration of the 50% methanol extract (10 mg/kg) from its stems inhibited the edema by 38% in volume, which was induced 4 hr after stimulation by carrageenin in rats. This inhibitory effect on edema formation has been most significant in the n-butanol soluble fraction compared with the ethyl ether- or water-soluble ones, and the action of the n-butanol fraction has been observed in a dose-dependent manner in the range of 1 to 30 mg/kg, p.o. Administration of this fraction by the s.c., or i.p. route also inhibited the carrageenin-induced edema formation to the same degree as that by the oral route. The 3 mg/kg, s.c. dosage of the fraction corresponds roughly to 250 mg/kg sulpyrine and 10 mg/kg diphenhydramine, s.c. Moreover, the fraction administered i.v. also reduced LPS-induced fever in rabbits, and had an antagonistic effect equivalent to 100 mg/kg sulpyrine and 1 mg/kg morphine hydrochloride (in i.p.-administration). The comprehensive anti-inflammatory substance(s) contained in T.c. stems are moderately non-polar compounds soluble in n-butanol and absorbable from both walls of the gut and vessels. The usefulness of a modified dosage of this plant extract for clinical treatment of various types of inflammation is highly suggested.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1992

[Hypoglycemic effects of Siamese Momordica charantia and Phyllanthus urinaria extracts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (the 1st report)].

Hypoglycemic effects of the extracts of two Siamese plants, Momordica charantia (M.c.) and Phyllanthus urinaria (P.u.), were examined in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of a 50% methanol extract (30 mg/kg) of M.c. and P.u. decreased the blood glucose levels (BGL) by 25% and 24%, respectively, at 3 hr after administration. Among other fractions such as the ethyl ether or water soluble fractions, the 10 and 30 mg/kg n-butanol soluble fraction from M.c. extract was most effective in lowering BGL by 26% and 34%, respectively. Similarly with M.c., the n-butanol fraction from P.u. extract decreased BGL by 23% and 39% at the doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg, respectively. In the oral glucose tolerance test, n-butanol fractions from M.c. and P.u. (30 mg/kg, p.o.) both inhibited the initial increase in BGL to the same degree. In the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test the n-butanol fraction of M.c. inhibited the increase of BGL prominently, but the n-butanol fraction of P.u. did not. These plants generally contain moderately non-polar hypoglycemic compound(s) soluble in n-butanol; and specifically, with regards to the hypoglycemic mechanism, the M.c. extract seems to act like insulin or via insulin secretion from the pancreas, like the action of sulfonyl ureas, and the P.u. extract may act via facilitation of glucose metabolism and/or the inhibition of glucose absorption in the gut like the action of biguanides.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical evaluation of a new oral cephalosporin, cefprozil, in pediatrics].

Cefprozil (CFPZ, BMY-28100), a new oral cephalosporin, was evaluated for its antibacterial activity and clinical efficacy. Thirty-four patients were treated with 7.7-36.2 mg/kg per day of CFPZ divided into 3 times. A total of 33 patients including 3 with acute pneumonia, 2 with acute bronchitis, 17 with acute upper respiratory tract infections, 4 with urinary tract infections, 1 with suppurative lymphadenitis and 6 with other soft tissue infections were evaluated for clinical efficacy except for 1 patient whose general conditions were too serious to continue to be treated with orally medication. Clinical effects were excellent in 8 patients and good in 23 but 2 cases were excluded because they were suspected for viral infections, hence the overall efficacy rate was 100%. Bacteriological responses were confirmed on 6 (66.7%) strains which were eradicated by the treatment out of 9 strains identified. CFPZ showed stronger antibacterial activities than those of cefaclor. Side effects or abnormal laboratory test results were observed in 2 patients; nausea and pallor of face in 1 patient and an increase of eosinophil in 1. The above findings suggest that CFPZ is a safe and useful antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections in pediatric patients.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

[Ocular manifestations in a case of infantile cystinosis].

A case of infantile cystinosis was reported. The diagnosis of cystinosis was made by the renal Fanconi syndrome and the ocular findings. The patient showed typical corneal and fundus changes associated with cystinosis. Corneal crystals and fundus pigmentary change were found early in life. The deposition of corneal crystals increased in the course of the disease, especially in the nasal and the temporal sides close to the limbus. By specular microscopy, the corneal crystals were needle-shaped and were larger and more numerous in the superficial layer of the stroma. The same shape of crystals ere found in the corneal endothelium, and the size of endothelial cells was markedly increased. There were also small crystals on the surface of the iris. The entire fundus showed a mottled appearance characterized by mixture of fine granular pigmentation and depigmentation associated with patchy depigmentation in the periphery. On the anterior surface of the retina, a glistening crystal appeared. As the crystal deposition in ocular tissues increases, even after successful peritoneal dialysis, eventual impairment of visual function may be expected.

Crystallization↗
PubMed1991

[Embolotherapy of varicocele by stainless steel coil].

Fifty-two patients with varicocele underwent embolotherapy using stainless steel coils. Forty-six of the patients complained of infertility, four of scrotal mass and two of scrotal pain. The procedure was successful in 42 of the 52 patients (81%). Positive semen analyses increased 53% (16/30), and the number of subsequent pregnancies was five of 33 (15%). We conclude that embolotherapy with the coils is a useful therapeutic procedure for varicoceles.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

An autopsy case of I-cell disease. Ultrastructural and biochemical analyses.

An autopsy case of I-cell disease in a 4-year-old Japanese girl is presented. In this report, the authors analyze the relationship between morphologic (including electron microscopic) and biochemical findings. Lymph node, spleen, and kidney, which were stained with Hale's colloidal iron method, contained large amounts of hexosamine. These substances had accumulated in lymphocytes of B-cell lineage.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1991

Changes in free calcium concentrations in platelets of SHRSP and WKY: its relationship to ATP releasing potencies and platelet aggregation activities upon stimulation of several reagents.

To clarify the relationships between free calcium levels, ATP release and aggregation potencies of SHRSP platelets, we examined the platelets from 9-month-old SHRSP and WKY using fura-2AM and luciferine-luciferase. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, each reagent elevated the free calcium level to the same extent in the samples of both SHRSP and WKY. With regard to ATP release, thrombin and collagen less potentiated the platelet action in SHRSP than WKY, and ATP release was not affected by extracellular Ca2+. Collagen and ADP induced aggregations showed lower activities in SHRSP than WKY. TPA caused higher Ca2+ influx and aggregation activity in SHRSP than WKY in the presence of extracellular Ca2+. These results indicate that Ca2+ release must be followed by ATP release, and ATP release may be less potentiated, while thrombin and TPA induced aggregation is likely to be stimulated in SHRSP platelets, because protein kinase C activity in SHRSP platelets appears to be high.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1991

Myosin and actin from aortae of spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats.

Contractile proteins were extracted from thoracic aortae of 9-month-old spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone (SHRSP) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). The average wet weight of the aortae from SHRSP was approximately 1.6-fold heavier than that of WKY. On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the myofibrillar extracts prepared from normalized, equal weights of aortae of SHRSP and WKY, both the compositions and concentrations of major polypeptides including myosin heavy chains and actin were nearly identical in these extracts. The myosins purified from these extracts contained identical light chains of about 20- and 17 kDa. Proteolytic peptide maps of the heavy chains of myosin from SHRSP were also indistinguishable from those of WKY, suggesting that the same isoforms of myosin are expressed in both aortae. From these results it is suggested that the qualitative differences may be small, if any, between the major contractile proteins in the aortae of SHRSP and those of WKY.

Actins↗
PubMed1991

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical study of cefpirome in children].

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefpirome (CPR) in children were carried out, and the following results were obtained. 1. Peak serum levels were obtained at the end of drip infusion of 20.0, 17.5 and 6.8 mg/kg for 30 minutes and the half-lives were 1.93, 1.91 and 0.48 hours, respectively. 2. Urinary excretion rates in 6 hours were 40.0-96.2%. 3. Thirty-two patients including 17 with respiratory infections, 7 with urinary tract infections and 8 with skin and soft tissue infections were treated with CPR at 52.2-92 mg/kg per day by intravenous administration. Clinical effects were excellent in 12 cases, good in 13 cases, fair in 3 cases and unknown in 4 cases, and the overall efficacy rate was 89.3% (25 cases/28 cases). 4. Bacterial eradication rate was 93.8% (15 strains/16 strains). 5. Rash and diarrhea were found in 1 case each, and abnormal laboratory test values were found in 7 cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome with delayed onset of self-mutilation: hyperactivity of interneurons at the brainstem and blink reflex.

We studied a case of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome with delayed onset of self-mutilation. Athetotic cerebral palsy and mental retardation were diagnosed at 1 year old, but the disease was not suspected until age 8 years when he began biting his lips and fingers. There was no obvious alteration of catecholamine in urine and CSF. We attempted to induce a series of blink reflexes by electric, mechanical and photic procedures. The R1 amplitude increased and the latency of the R2 shortened compared with controls. This shows that not only orbicularis motoneuron itself, but also uncrossed interneurons, are in a state of hyperexcitability. The contralateral R2 was poor which was in favour of hypoexcitability of the crossed interneurons at the brainstem. The significant large response was obtained by photic procedure which was in favour of hyperexcitability of the motoneurons. Therefore, it is demonstrated that a thorough examination of blink reflexes provides a useful method for examination of a state of the underlying neural activity.

Blinking↗
PubMed1989

Inhibition of renal sympathetic nerve activity of anesthetized rats by intracerebroventricular administration of angiotensin II.

Effects of intracerebroventricular (i. c. v.) administration of angiotensin II (AII) on renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), arterial pressure, and heart rate were examined in rats anesthetized with a mixture of urethane and alpha-chloralose. Administration of AII evoked an increase in arterial pressure and a decrease in RSNA with no significant change in heart rate. Prior i. c. v. administration of an AII antagonist, saralasin, greatly attenuated the pressor response and inhibition of RSNA induced by i. c. v. AII. Rats with sinoaortic denervation showed the same magnitude pressor response and decrease in RSNA as intact animals. The result suggests that central AII directly inhibits RSNA via AII specific receptors.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1989

A unified computer program for assessment of attenuation correction and data acquisition methods in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).

A computer based simulation program was developed to assess the usefulness of various attenuation correction algorithms and data acquisition methods in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in a unified approach. The program analytically calculated projection ray sums from a mathematical model with various distributions of activities and either uniform or non uniform attenuation coefficients by using the line integrals including the effect of attenuation. Data acquisition starting at arbitrary angles, various acquisition angles, including a 180 degree scan and a non circular orbit of a gamma camera, including an elliptical orbit can readily be taken into consideration in our simulation program. To simulate non circular orbit data acquisition, the resolution dependence on the object distance from the collimator surface was incorporated into the simulation. This computer based simulation program allows various combinations of attenuation correction algorithms such as hybrid methods, and data acquisition methods can be evaluated under a large number of study conditions. The usefulness of this computer based simulation program is shown with several representative examples.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical study of clarithromycin, a new macrolide antibiotic, in children].

1. Clarithromycin (TE-031, A-56268) was given orally to 46 children with respiratory infections, skin infections and others. A total of 9 patients were excluded; 8 patients refused to take the drug because of it's taste, and 1 patient was later found to have viral pneumonia. Clinical efficacy was therefore evaluated in remaining 37 cases and was good or excellent in 27 cases. 2. Bacteriologically, Haemophilus influenzae strains isolated from 4 patients were eradicated in 1 and decreased in 3, respectively. Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from 1 patient each were both eradicated. 3. Side effect or abnormal laboratory test values were not observed. 4. Based on the above findings, it appears that TE-031 is a safe and is useful antibiotic for the treatment of mild and moderate respiratory infections. It is necessary, however, to improve the taste of the current granule preparation in order to make the drug more easily palatable to children.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on sulbactam/ampicillin in children].

Laboratory and clinical studies of sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) in children have been carried out, and the following results were obtained. 1. Antibacterial effect MICs of SBT/ABPC were only one-tube less than or similar to those of ABPC against susceptible organisms. Against ABPC-resistant organisms at the inoculum size of 10(8) cells/ml however, SBT/ABPC was superior to ABPC when evaluated in terms of their MIC values. When MICs of SBT/ABPC were compared to those of ABPC against organisms with high beta-lactamase producing activities, it was found that many of ABPC-resistant organisms were much susceptible to SBT/ABPC. 2. Absorption and urinary excretion In 2 cases to which 50 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg SBT/ABPC were respectively given over 30 minutes by drip infusion, peak serum levels were obtained at the end of the drip infusion with peak levels of SBT of 45.5 micrograms/ml, 12.5 micrograms/ml, respectively and those of ABPC of 83.0 micrograms/ml, 22.9 micrograms/ml, respectively. The half-lives of SBT and ABPC were 0.94 hour and 0.98 hour, respectively. The mean urinary excretion rates in the first 6 hours after the end of administration were 84.4% for SBT and 63.1% for ABPC. 3. Clinical results Clinical efficacies were evaluated in 24 cases including 9 cases of pneumonia, 2 cases of upper respiratory infection, 7 cases of urinary tract infection and 1 case each of bronchopneumonia, pyothorax, tonsillitis, streptococcal infection, ++ phlegmon and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Clinical efficacies were excellent or good in 19 cases with an overall efficacy rate of 86.4%. Adverse effect was found in 1 case with nausea and vomiting, and abnormal laboratory test values observed were 2 cases each of eosinophilia, slight elevation of GOT and GPT and elevation of LDH, but they were not serious.

Adolescent↗