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Biomedical subjects

H Higashi

Publications and source records attributed to H Higashi.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Ethanolamine oleate is superior to polidocanol (aethoxysklerol) for endoscopic injection sclerotherapy of esophageal varices: a prospective randomized trial.

Thirty-four consecutive patients with liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices were included in a prospective randomized trial done to investigate the efficacy and safety of two sclerosants 5% ethanolamine oleate (EO) and polidocanol (1% Aethoxysklerol [AS]) for use in endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS). Eighteen patients were randomly allocated to the group given EO and 16 to the AS group. These two groups were comparable with regard to age, sex, etiology and severity of the liver disease. The bleeding rate from esophageal ulcers which developed during the course of repeated EIS was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in the AS group (31.3%, 5/16) than in the EO group (0%, 0/18). In 4 occasions bleeding from the esophageal ulcer could not be controlled with AS. In 3 of these 4 bleeding episodes, EO successfully halted bleeding from esophageal ulcer. In the other patient, a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube was inserted to stop the hemorrhage. The period and number of sessions of EIS for eradication of esophageal varices were significantly (P less than 0.05) shorter in the EO group than the AS group (EO: 4.0 +/- 0.8 [means +/- SD] sessions during 4.7 +/- 1.5 weeks versus AS: 4.8 +/- 1.2 sessions during 5.4 +/- 1.6 weeks). The rate of early mortality did not differ between the two groups. We conclude that 5% ethanolamine oleate seems to be superior to 1% Aethoxysklerol when used for sclerosing esophageal varices.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1986

Hyperpolarizing and depolarizing actions of dopamine via D-1 and D-2 receptors on nucleus accumbens neurons.

The effect of dopamine (DA) on the nucleus accumbens neurons in guinea-pig brain slices was studied by intracellular recordings. DA caused a hyperpolarization in 28% of the neurons tested, a depolarization in 11%, and a hyperpolarization followed by a depolarization in 53%. The remaining neurons were unaffected. Analyses of the responses revealed that the DA hyperpolarization was produced by activation of the D-1 receptor and associated with an increase in potassium conductance, whereas the DA depolarization was generated by activation of the D-2 receptor and accompanied by a decrease in potassium conductance. DA uptake inhibitors augmented both the hyperpolarizing and depolarizing responses, while cyclic adenosine monophosphate selectively enhanced the former.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Sensitive enzyme-immunostaining and densitometric determination of ganglio-series gangliosides on thin-layer plate: pmol detection of gangliosides in cerebrospinal fluid.

An immunochemical method has been developed for sensitive detection and determination of ganglio-series gangliosides using thin-layer chromatography/enzyme-immunostaining. After chromatography of gangliosides, the plate was treated with Arthrobacter ureafaciens sialidase to remove all sialic acids from ganglio-series gangliosides. For the complete hydrolysis of gangliosides, sodium taurodeoxycholate was found to be required. The resulting asialo-glycolipids, GA2 and GA1 were reacted first with affinity-purified anti-GA2 and anti-GA1, respectively, and second with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG. Being highly sensitive and reproducible, it allows the characterization of gangliosides in cerebrospinal fluid which cannot be detected by classical methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Detection of 4-O-acetyl-N-glycolylneuraminyl lactosylceramide as one of tumor-associated antigens in human colon cancer tissues by specific antibody.

Antibody to 4-O-acetyl-N-glycolylneuraminyl lactosylceramide [GM3(Neu4AcGc)] was prepared by immunizing chicken with the glycosphingolipid antigen. The specific antibody was purified by affinity chromatography columns of Octyl-Sepharose linked to the homologous immunogen and its deacetylated analogue [N-glycolylneuraminyl lactosylceramide, GM3(NeuGc)], respectively. The specificity of the purified antibody was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and inhibition of equine erythrocyte hemagglutination using authentic glycosphingolipids as antigens. The results indicated that the antibody recognized both 4-O-acetyl and N-glycolyl groups of terminal sialic acid residue as the immunodeterminants. The purified specific antibody was applied in the confirmation of the presence of GM3(Neu4AcGc) in ganglioside fractions of human colon cancer tissues, which were suspected to have this antigen by studies of alkaline, periodate or neuraminidase treatment [Higashi et al. (1985) Cancer Res. 45, 3796-3802.], by thin-layer chromatography (TLC)-immunostaining technique.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1986

Lowering calcium in the nucleus tractus solitarius causes hypotension and bradycardia.

It has been shown that saline microinjected into the region of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) causes, but artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the same volume does not cause, hypotension and bradycardia. This study was done to examine the possibility that the difference in effects between saline and artificial CSF may be due to the lack of calcium ions in saline. In anesthetized rats, saline or artificial CSF with or without calcium ions was microinjected into the region of the NTS. Saline microinjected in volumes of 0.2 and 0.5 microliter produced the volume-dependent decreases in arterial pressure and heart rate. Saline with added calcium ions and artificial CSF did not elicit the hypotensive and bradycardic response, but artificial CSF without calcium ions produced hypotension and bradycardia. These results suggest that the lack of calcium ions in the injected solutions is the factor that determines the hypotensive and bradycardic response. These results suggest that lowering the local availability of calcium to the NTS neurons results in hypotension and bradycardia.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Biochemistry of melanoma-associated ganglioside antigens].

A new method for determination of epitopes defined by monoclonal antibodies has been developed using thin layer chromatography/enzyme-immunostaining. Using this method, monoclonal antibody recognizing the species-interspecies cross-reactive melanoma antigenic determinants widely shared by various mammalian species was shown to react with N-acetyl neuraminic acid containing GM3 ganglioside. We have found the presence of gangliosides containing N-glycolylneuraminic acid in human melanoma tissues. These molecular species were determined to be GM3 (NeuGc), GM2 (NeuGc) and GD3 gangliosides, which have never been detected in normal human tissues and are expected to be strong immunogens. Thus, sialic-acid containing glycoconjugates play important roles in tumor-associated cell surface antigens.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1986

Naloxone attenuates hypoxic depression of ganglionic transmission.

The effect of the opioid antagonist naloxone on hypoxia-induced blockade of synaptic transmission in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) of the rat was studied in vitro. Naloxone (6 X 10(-6) M or more) attenuated the hypoxia-induced blockade of synaptic transmission in the SCG. In addition, in the concentrations studied, naloxone itself had a blocking effect on ganglionic transmission that involved terminal sites of the preganglionic axons. These data suggest that the protective effect of higher doses of naloxone on the hemodynamic responses to hypoxemia or ischemia may originate at least in part from the attenuating effect of naloxone on the hypoxia-induced blockade of ganglionic transmission.

Action Potentials↗