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Biomedical subjects

H Hayashi

Publications and source records attributed to H Hayashi.

At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Cuproproteins of hepatocyte lysosomes in normal and fatty liver.

The pathophysiological significance of cuproproteins in hepatocyte lysosomes was studied in 7 patients with structurally normal livers and 13 patients with fatty livers by energy-dispersion X-ray microanalysis. In most patients, in both groups, copper and sulfur coexisted in hepatocyte lysosomes. The correlation between copper and sulfur indicated that copper transfer between the cytosol and lysosomes was mediated by a cuproprotein. The copper indices of the lysosomal proteins and transfer proteins were high in some fatty livers. These observations suggest that cuproproteins in hepatocytes are not necessarily pathological, but are present in greater amounts in some fatty livers, probably because of impaired bile drainage.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[A case of metastatic spinal tumor from renal cancer reduced by interferon-alpha].

A case of metastatic spinal tumor from renal cancer reduced by interferon-alpha is reported. A 54-year-old man was admitted to Tane General Hospital on April 12, 1990, with the complaint of difficulty in walking. Abdominal CT scan revealed right renal carcinoma, and MRI demonstrated metastatic spinal tumor at Th6, which was mainly occupying the entire lamina, spinous process and right pedicle of Th6. Nephrectomy was performed and, instead of operating on the spinal lesion, the patient was given follow-up treatment with administration of interferon-alpha (5 million units twice a week) and steroid. 1 year and 6 months later the patient's walking ability began to deteriorate and paraparesis progressed, although the size of the metastatic spinal tumor had gradually reduced. This was thought to be because of atrophy of the legs due to prolonged bed rest and steroid administration. Laminectomy with total removal of the tumor was performed on January 16, 1992. In the 12 months postoperatively, there has been neither recurrence nor remote metastasis seemingly due to the administration of interferon-alpha. This appears to be the first report of metastatic spinal tumor from renal cancer reduced by interferon-alpha.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1993

[Relationship of Helicobacter pylori to chronological transition of endoscopic atrophic pattern].

The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) were studied in 117 subjects with no gross findings whose stomach age was equal to its chronological age. HP was detected by culture. The prevalence of HP significantly was higher in thirties and forties than other ages, and in C3 and O1 groups than other groups. Most of forties and fifties belonged to C3 or O1 groups. Histologically, HP infection was significantly frequent in the gastric mucosa with advancing inflammation. These findings suggest that HP infects in early middle age, causes the destruction and atrophy of gastric mucosa and disappears with ageing and chronological expansion of mucosal atrophy. We consider that HP infection may play a causative role of the aging process of the stomach.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Comparison of buprenorphine and fentanyl for postoperative pain relief by continuous epidural infusion].

This study examined analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of buprenorphine and fentanyl for the postoperative pain relief by continuous epidural infusion. Fifty patients after upper or lower abdominal surgeries were assigned to two groups and buprenorphine and fentanyl were epidurally administered postoperatively. Buprenorphine (B) group received bolus injection of B 0.1mg + saline 8 ml and continuous infusion of B 0.8 mg+saline 92 ml (2 ml.h-1). Fentanyl group received bolus injection of F 0.1 mg+saline 6 ml and continuous infusion of F 0.6 mg+saline 84 ml (2 ml.h-1). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the analgesic efficacy, which became lower from 2 to 12 hours postoperatively. However, compared with buprenorphine group, the incidence of nausea or vomiting and dizziness was significantly less in the fentanyl group (11 vs. 4 cases and 7 vs. 1 cases). These results imply that the major site of action of epidurally administered fentanyl is the spinal cord. In contrast, analgesic effect of epidural buprenorphine appears to be enhanced by the supraspinal action. We conclude that fentanyl is superior to buprenorphine for postoperative pain relief by continuous epidural infusion.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1993

[Percutaneous removal of foreign bodies from the cardiovascular system: two experienced cases in addition to a review of 35 cases reported over the past 9 years in Japan].

From 1984 to 1992 in Japan, 37 cases, including 2 cases of our own, have been reported to involve the percutaneous removal of foreign bodies from the cardiovascular system by catheter. We reviewed the cases of these foreign bodies and the locations, approaches and types of catheters used for removal. The reported foreign bodies were usually iatrogenic in origin and were approximately two times larger than those found in patients who had self-dislodged catheters. The most common catheter approaches were from either the right femoral or saphenous veins.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Two autopsy cases of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with 20-year-clinical course without respirators].

The present paper concerns the clinicopathological study of two patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with 21 or 22 years' clinical course without respirators. The two cases developed marked upper motor neuron signs and continually progressive paralysis. Involvement of the facial and bulbar muscles remained fairly mild. At autopsy, the anterior horns showed marked loss of motor neurons associated with numerous reactive astrocytes. On the other hand, the motor cortex and the pyramidal tract showed diminution of Betz cells and large myelinated fibers but no positive materials by fat stain. In addition, the anterolateral funiculi of the spinal cords revealed widespread myelin pallor. One of the case showed intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions in some neurons of the medullary reticular formation. Recent articles have reported several rapidly progressive ALS patients who developed ophthalmoplegia, while on respirators, and widespread degeneration in the CNS. By contrast, our extremely slowly progressive ALS patients developed alterations confined to upper and lower motor neurons. There may exist some diversities in ALS.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Rhabdomyolysis associated with pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib--a case report].

An 18-year-old Japanese female with pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) type Ib presented with rhabdomyolysis. The patient, who had been tired after long-distance hiking, experienced paresthesiae and subsequent muscle cramps of the four extremities after drinking a small quantity of alcohol. An occurrence of rhabdomyolysis was confirmed by marked elevation of serum CK activities and muscle necrosis revealed by both CT scanning and biopsy. The exertion and alcohol intake probably induced the initial muscle injury. Subsequently, the muscle necrosis might have worsened the asymptomatic hypocalcemia and decreased 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D synthesis in PHP type Ib, which resulted in severe muscle cramps and further muscle destruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Development of an enzymatic fluorescence method for detecting of cholesterols in circulating monocyte].

Since the infiltration of macrophage/monocyte into the arterial intima would be the first and most important step to developing the atherosclerosis, it is important to analyze the lipid composition not only in the circulating blood but also in the cell. We developed the high sensitive enzymatic assay method of total and free cholesterol and employed this assay to the measurement of monocyte cholesterol ester. Diabetic patients had high total cholesterol and cholesterol ester of monocyte. The elevated monocyte cholesterol ester was related to the LDL-cholesterol and Lp(a) concentrations in the plasma.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[A case of primary pulmonary lymphoma associated with Sjögren syndrome and IgM monoclonal gammopathy confirmed by DNA rearrangement].

A 70-year-old man was admitted for evaluation of an abnormal shadow on his chest X-ray film, consisting of a mass containing an air bronchogram. He was also found to have a monoclonal gammopathy (IgM kappa type) and Sjögren syndrome. Open lung biopsy was performed with the suspicion of primary pulmonary lymphoma or pseudolymphoma. Southern blot analysis of the tissue revealed clonal rearrangements of immunoglobulin gene, supporting the diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma. Using conventional immunoperoxidase staining (PAP) method, the monoclonality in the tissue specimen is sometimes quite difficult to prove. Southern blot analysis, however, gives more accurate and reliable results. The analysis of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements is quite useful in determining the presence or absence of monoclonality in a specimen in cases of suspected lymphoproliferative disease such as primary pulmonary lymphoma and pseudolymphoma. We strongly recommend the use of Southern blot analysis in making the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Unusual CT and MRI appearance of the epidermoid tumor--a case report].

We reported a case of epidermoid tumor with unusual findings on CT and MRI. A 41-year old woman was admitted because of headache. On admission she had no neurological deficits. CT revealed a lobular homogenous high-dense mass with a sharp margin in the mid-portion of the posterior fossa. The mass was shown as a low signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted MRI. An encapsulated mass containing "motor oil" like viscid fluid was removed by surgical operation. Histological examination revealed epidermoid cyst. CT-dense epidermoid tumor was discussed with referring to the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 1. New quinoline derivatives.

A series of esters and amides of 1-alkyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4- carboxylic acid or 2-alkoxy-quinoline-4-carboxylic acid containing a basic azabicycloalkyl moiety has been synthesized and evaluated for affinity for the [3H]quipazine-labeled 5-HT3 receptors. Most of the esters exhibited 10-fold more potent activity than that of ondansetron (1; Ki = 7.6 nM). Lipophilic substituents at the 1- or 2-position of the quinoline ring enhanced affinity for the receptors. Compounds 21 and 37 showed the highest affinity (Ki = 0.32 and 0.31 nM, respectively) among them. On the other hand, most of the amides showed 100-fold lower affinity than that of the esters. Molecular modeling studies indicated that the carbonyl moiety in 19 (ester) or 31 (amide) was not coplanar to the plane of an aromatic ring (over 20 degrees deviation). Although some of the selected compounds exhibited potent activity in the Bezold-Jarisch (B-J) reflex test, good correlation was not observed between the affinity for the 5-HT3 receptors and the activity in the B-J reflex test (in vivo). From these data, it was suggested that our quinoline derivatives might interact with the 5-HT3 receptors in a different way from that of the reported 5-HT3 receptor antagonists presumably due to the presence of the heterogeneity of the 5-HT3 receptors between brain and heart.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Elevated expression of the ornithine decarboxylase gene in human esophageal cancer.

The mechanisms involved in sustaining the high levels of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in human cancers are not well defined. We examined the level of expression of ODC mRNA together with ODC activity in surgically excised human cancers, including esophagus, stomach, colon, and liver tumors, the objective being to determine whether the ODC mRNA level correlates with enhancement of ODC activity in these cancers. Among these tumors, the esophageal cancers had the highest ODC activity (120 +/- 43.9 pmol of CO2/h/mg of protein), compared with the stomach (37.6 +/- 13.7), colon (22.8 +/- 5.9), and liver (10.2 +/- 5.6) cancers. A remarkable increase in ODC mRNA was seen in all of the esophageal cancers. The ratio of ODC mRNA in the tumors, relative to the paired normal tissues, was 14.6 +/- 3.7. Some increase was noted in some of the stomach (2.9 +/- 0.9) and colon (2.1 +/- 0.9) cancers, but there was no increase in the liver tumors (0.9 +/- 0.2). A significant correlation was noted between ODC activity and mRNA expression in cancerous and noncancerous tissues of the esophagus, stomach, and colon, thereby suggesting that increased steady-state mRNA may be responsible for the high ODC activity in these tumors. Southern blot analysis of the DNA from the esophageal cancers revealed no amplification or significant rearrangement of the gene. Mechanisms sustaining high ODC mRNA levels in esophageal cancers may be an enhancement of the promoter activity of this gene or stabilization of the mRNA.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1992

Activation of a plant gene by T-DNA tagging: auxin-independent growth in vitro.

A transferred DNA (T-DNA) tagging vector with the potential to produce dominant mutations was used with cocultured Agrobacterium tumefaciens and protoplasts to tag genes involved in the action of the plant growth substance auxin. Transgenic calli were selected for their ability to grow in the absence of auxin in the culture media. From one experiment, 12 calli that displayed this phenotype were recovered, of which 11 were able to regenerate into plants. In one plant studied in detail, protoplast division in the absence of auxin genetically cosegregated with a single T-DNA insert. A messenger RNA encoded by a 6.4-kilobase sequence of plant genomic DNA rescued from the mutant is overexpressed relative to untransformed plants. The genomic DNA, as well as a cognate complementary DNA, once transfected into protoplasts promote growth and cell division in vitro in the absence of exogenously added auxin.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens↗
PubMed1992

Insulin treatment stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of the alpha-type 85-kDa subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in vivo.

After adding insulin to cells overexpressing the insulin receptor, the activity of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase in the anti-phosphotyrosine immunoprecipitates was rapidly and greatly increased. This enzyme may therefore be a substrate for the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase and may be one of the mediators of insulin signal transduction. However, it is unclear whether or not activated tyrosine kinase of the insulin receptor directly phosphorylates PI 3-kinase at tyrosine residue(s) and whether insulin stimulates the specific activity of PI 3-kinase. We reported previously that the 85-kDa subunit of purified PI 3-kinase was phosphorylated at tyrosine residue(s) by the insulin receptor in vitro. To examine the tyrosine phosphorylation of PI 3-kinase and change of its activity by insulin treatment in vivo, we used a specific antibody to the 85-kDa subunit of PI 3-kinase. The activity of PI 3-kinase in immunoprecipitates with the antibody against the p85 subunit of PI 3-kinase was increased about 3-fold by insulin treatment of cells overexpressing insulin receptors. Insulin treatment also stimulated the tyrosine, serine, and threonine phosphorylation of the alpha-type 85-kDa subunit of PI 3-kinase in vivo. Phosphatase treatment of the immunoprecipitates abolished the increase in PI 3-kinase activity. The phosphorylation(s) of the kinase itself, tyrosine phosphorylation(s) of associated protein(s), or the complex formation of the phosphorylated PI 3-kinase with associated proteins may increase the activity of PI 3-kinase.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of simulated left bundle branch block on QRST time-integral values of 12-lead electrocardiograms in patients with and without prior anterior wall myocardial infarction.

The effects of right ventricular pacing, which simulated left bundle branch block (BBB), on QRST time-integral values of 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) were examined, and the clinical usefulness of QRST values for estimating the severity of left ventricular wall motion abnormalities due to a prior anterior wall myocardial infarction (MI) in the setting of left BBB were evaluated. Digitized ECGs were recorded during normal sinus rhythm and simulated left BBB in 38 patients (24 with and 14 without prior anterior wall MI). QRST values were calculated in each lead point of 12-lead ECGs. Data from 608 normal subjects were used as control values; the mean +/- 2 SD of these values was regarded as the normal range. The parameter sigma DE was defined as the sum of the differences between the normal mean QRST value and the QRST values of a given patient in leads where the QRST value was less than the normal range. The correlation coefficient of sigma DE for the 2 activation sequences was highly significant. Although small but significant changes were seen in QRST values in leads I, II, III, aVR, aVF and V1 during simulated left BBB, left precordial leads showed no significant changes in QRST values. A criterion of sigma DE > 40 mV.ms for detecting an anterior wall MI showed a sensitivity of 88%, a specificity of 93%, and a diagnostic accuracy of 89%. The sigma DE was significantly (p < 0.001) correlated with the asynergy index calculated from left ventriculograms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bundle-Branch Block↗
PubMed1992

Morphology of central terminations of intra-axonally stained, low-threshold mechanoreceptive primary afferent fibers from oral mucosa and periodontium in the rat.

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected intra-axonally into functionally identified primary afferent fibers within the rat spinal trigeminal tract in order to study the morphology of their central terminations. They were physiologically determined to be large, myelinated afferent fibers from periodontium or oral mucosa by means of electrical and mechanical stimulation of their receptive fields. Twenty-eight axons that innervated the periodontium of incisors and 21 axons that innervated the oral mucosa were stained for distances of 2-5 mm from the injection sites at the levels of the main sensory nucleus (Vms), spinal trigeminal nucleus and rostral cervical spinal cord. The collaterals of these primary afferent fibers formed terminal arbors in the medial or dorsomedial part of the Vms, and the oral and interpolar spinal trigeminal nuclei (Vo and Vi). In the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus (Vc), the collaterals of one half of the periodontium afferent fibers terminated mainly in lamina V at the rostral and middle levels of Vc. On the other hand, the collaterals of the other half of the periodontium afferent fibers terminated mainly in lamina IV at the rostral level of Vc, and rostrally these terminal areas shifted to the most medial part of Vi. The collaterals of mucosa afferent fibers terminated in lamina V at the rostral level of Vc, and these terminal areas shifted gradually to laminae III and IV as the parent axons traveled more caudally. These shifts were staggered rostrocaudally according to the rostrocaudal locations of the receptive fields. The density of collaterals of periodontium afferent fibers in Vi was significantly larger than that of mucosa afferent fibers. The average size of the varicosities of periodontium afferent fibers was significantly larger than those of mucosa afferent fibers in Vo, Vi and Vc. The average number of varicosities belonging to single collaterals of slowly-adapting periodontium afferent fibers in Vi were significantly larger than those in Vo. In Vi, the average number of varicosities of single collaterals of slowly-adapting periodontium afferent fibers were significantly larger than those of rapidly-adapting periodontium afferent fibers.

Afferent Pathways↗