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Biomedical subjects

H Hayashi

Publications and source records attributed to H Hayashi.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Multivariate analysis of everyday handicap of patients with dizziness].

A preliminary questionnaire consisting of 30 questions was developed to evaluate handicaps in everyday life for 105 patients with dizziness. Factor analysis divided the questions into 5 principal factors of handicap due to dizziness: 1) disturbance of social activity, 2) body motion precipitating dizziness, 3) limitation of physical activity, 4) emotional disturbance, and 5) disturbance of interpersonal communications. The score of each factor was calculated as the sum of the scores of three principal questions in the corresponding factor. There was no contribution of clinical diagnosis, patient's age or gender, or duration of the disease to the score of each factor. Thus, it is concluded that the reorganized questionnaire which consists of three principal questions in 5 factors can be used for evaluating dizziness handicaps in everyday life. The score of the emotional factor in patients with Meniere's disease was higher than that for other vestibular disease. The score of the body motion factor in patients with vestibular neuronitis was higher than that for vertebro-basilar artery insufficiency. Thus, the re-organized questionnaire can also be used for evaluating the contribution of each factor to dizziness handicaps in everyday life.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1995

The clinical significance of p53 gene mutation in hepatocellular carcinomas from Japan.

To clarify the clinical significance of the mutation of p53 gene in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 90 resected specimens from Japanese patients were assayed using a polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis. p53 mutations were detected in 25 cases (27.8%) at exons 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, and the most frequent region of the mutation was at exons 5 and 7. No statistically significant correlation was observed between the p53 mutations and the clinical features except for the preoperative alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level (P < .05). According to the pathological features, prognostic factors, such as size of the tumor, vascular invasion, fibrous capsule infiltration, and intrahepatic metastasis, showed no relationship to the existence of the mutation. However, p53 mutations were significantly associated with the degree of differentiation of HCC; that is, the mutation was found in 19 cases of 53 poorly differentiated HCCs (35.9%) and 2 of 3 cases of anaplastic HCCs (66.7%). The presence of p53 mutations was associated with a shortened cancer-free survival (P < .001, by log rank test) and a shortened survival (P < .05). A multivariate analysis by the Cox regression analysis showed that the p53 mutations were an unfavorable prognostic factor related to recurrence (P < .005), which is especially significant within the first postoperative year. These results suggest that the mutations of p53 gene of HCC might be an independent prognostic predictor to help in the selection of candidates who should undergo more intensive postoperative treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Utility of QRST isointegral map].

The clinical usefulness of QRST isointegral map (IQRST map) was evaluated in many disease entities, i.e., 1) detection of myocardial infarction with and without bundle branch block, 2) identification of the site of ventricular premature beat and ventricular tachycardia, 3) left ventricular hypertrophy, 4) diagnosis of the location and size of myocardial infarction.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Improvement of survival of testicular cancer patients through chemotherapy].

Because treatment of testicular cancer has improved dramatically during the past 15 years, about 70% of the patients can be relieved of this disease today. Although this can be attributed to the availability of various tumor markers, better imaging diagnosis and improvement of surgical techniques, the improvement of chemotherapy, mainly based on cisplatin, has made the largest contribution. Hopefully, more powerful chemotherapy regimens will be available for patients who fail to respond to primary chemotherapy or relapse within a short period after primary chemotherapy. Supportive therapy, such as bone marrow transplantation, will serve to enhance the treatment for testicular cancer. On the other hand, milder therapy will given, if it is determined sufficient to treat the patient with an excellent response to the present therapeutic regimen. In the future, more therapeutic regimens will be prescribed to meet the exact needs of individual patients according to their prognoses.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1995

Hyposensitivity of peripheral alpha-adrenoceptors in respirator-dependent amyotrophic lateral sclerosis assessed by intravenous norepinephrine infusion.

Intravenous norepinephrine infusion test was performed in eight patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) supported by respirators and nine control subjects, to examine alpha-adrenoceptor function of peripheral resistant blood vessels. Baseline plasma norepinephrine concentrations in ALS patients were significantly higher than those in control subjects, indicating basal sympathetic hyperactivity (normal 218.2 +/- 59.7 pg/ml; ALS 450.0 +/- 288.4 pg/ml). The stimulus-response curves in the patients were similar to those in control subjects, and there were no significant differences between mean gains of the stimulus-response curves in both groups (normal 18.7 +/- 5.5; ALS 15.2 +/- 11.2). However, three ALS patients, two of whom had circulatory fluctuation and sympathetic hyperactivity, revealed lower gain levels than the mean minus 2 SD in control subjects (4.7, 1.1 and 3.7). This indicates hyposensitivity or down-regulation of the alpha-adrenoceptor function of peripheral blood vessels in these ALS patients. For early detection of sympathetic hyperactivity and prediction of circulatory collapse, it would be useful to measure the plasma norepinephrine concentration and the gain of the norepinephrine infusion curve in respirator-dependent ALS patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

An ultrastructural study of glomerular basement membrane in rheumatoid arthritis patients with urinary abnormalities.

We measured the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) in 48 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with proteinuria and/or hematuria and studied its relationship to clinical features of RA. Ten cases with minor glomerular abnormalities, renal cancer, donor of renal transplantation, were studied as controls. Secondary glomerular diseases and hereditary thin basement membrane disease (TBMD) were excluded. Mean GBM thickness was 289 +/- 74 nm (mean +/- SD) in RA patients, which was significantly thinner than that of control group (342 +/- 38 nm) (p < 0.01). Mean GBM thickness were 276 +/- 72 nm and 336 +/- 68 nm in RA patients with and without gold sodium thiomalate (GST) treatment, respectively (p < 0.05). Mean GBM thickness of RA patients without GST and controls were not different statistically, but RA patients with GST had significantly thinner GBM, compared with controls (p < 0.01). The mean thickness of GBM were also 274 +/- 69 nm and 344 +/- 72 nm in RA patients with and without hematuria, respectively (p < 0.01). According to these results, we suspect that the thinning of GBM in RA patients may be related to GST treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[CT analysis of aortic cobwebs in aortic dissection].

Contrast-enhanced CT images in patients with acute or chronic aortic dissection were evaluated for the purpose of determining the clinical usefulness of "aortic cobwebs", which were originally reported by Williams et al. as an anatomical marker of the false lumen. Aortic cobwebs were detected in 13 of 44 cases (30%), demonstrating as low density structures in the false lumen continuing from the intimal flap. The aortic cobwebs were mainly linear in shape, and the size ranged from 5 x 1 to 15 x 3 mm (mean: 9 x 2 mm). Aortic cobwebs were more frequently demonstrated in chronic than in acute cases, and were more often detected in the abdominal aorta. Follow-up CT examinations of the cobwebs revealed no interval change in six cases, disappearance in three cases and thickening in one case. There was no significant correlation between the sequential changes in the cobwebs and dilatation or thrombus formation in the false lumen. Aortic cobwebs seem to represent partially residual bands of the aortic media incompletely sheared from the aortic wall during the initial processes of aortic dissection. These structures are considered to be a reliable anatomic marker and to be useful for CT identification of the false lumen in aortic dissection.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Contrast enhancement and morphological findings of hematopoietic regions of bone marrow on MR imaging: comparative study with spondylitis and vertebral tumors].

The enhanced MR findings of hematopoietic regions in aplastic anemia were compared with those of spondylitis, metastatic vertebral tumors and hematologic neoplasms. The enhanced MR images showed hematopoietic regions to homogeneously enhance and occupy the margin of vertebral bodies, while spondylitis and metastatic tumors appeared as round, inhomogeneously enhancing lesions. MR images of leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome showed homogeneous enhancement at the margins of vertebrae that was difficult to differentiate from hematopoietic regions. Enhanced MR images were useful in detecting the hematopoietic areas in marrow and differentiating them from spondylitis and metastatic tumors, although further experience is needed to distinguish between tumorous hyperplastic regions and benign hematopoietic regions in marrow.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Factors related to survival rate, and life satisfaction in stroke patients in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan].

This study was designed to identify survival rate, and life satisfaction of stroke patients living in Yamagata Prefecture. Subjects for the survival rate analysis were composed of 2214 patients who were registered after suffering their first stroke in 1989. Observation was continued over 2-years survival rate by the Cutler-Ederer method. In 1991, survivors were interviewed in their home by public health nurses or public health physicians. Locomotion and Activities of daily living (ADL) were investigated in 1015 survivors, and global life satisfaction was investigated in the 623 who were capable of answering questions by themselves. The results obtained were as follows: 1) One month survival rate was 74.0%, one year survival rate was 57.2%, and two-year survival rate was 50.6% in the total patients. The survival rate according to type of stroke was compared between two age groups (< 65 and > or = 65 years). Type of stroke was associated with survival rate in the patients < 65 years old, but not in those > or = 65 years old, especially for long-term outcome. 2) Of the survivors, 10.8% were bedridden over the two years post stroke, whereas 75.4% were competent in locomotion. Dependence of bathing was most common in terms of all activities of daily living, which were considered burdensome to family members. 3) Global life satisfaction as measured by visual analogue scale (VAS) in survivors two years after stroke was maintained well. The strongest determinant of global life satisfaction was contact with friends after stroke for those < 65 years old, while it was competence in eating for those > or = 65 years old.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1995

[A study of vitreous liquefaction using in vitro models--1. The effect of plasma on vitreous liquefaction].

To study the mechanism of vitreous liquefaction following vitreous hemorrhage, an in vitro study was done. We isolated whole vitreous gel of pig eyes, then weighed, incubated it with sample solution and shook it at room temperature. The ratio of weight loss after shaking to initial weight were calculated as vitreous liquefaction rate (VLR). There was no significant difference in VLR between samples incubated with whole blood (50.7%) and with plasma (48.8%), and it was significantly higher than control incubated with isotonic phosphate buffered physiological saline (PBS)(14.8%) after 24 hours shaking. There were no significant differences between control and samples incubated with blood cells (21.1%) and with hemoglobin (20.5%). The VLR of samples incubated with plasma gradually increased with time whereas controls incubated with PBS showed no changes until 24 hours. The VLR and concentration of plasma were highly correlated. These results indicated that contact of plasma with vitreous gel encourages liquefaction possibly by enzymatic digestive action with proteases.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Recurrence near the resection line of hepatocellular carcinoma in the anterosuperior subsegment of the liver--the effect of the argon beam coagulator.

The present paper examines the relationship between the patterns of intrahepatic recurrence after resections of hepatocellular carcinoma and surgical margins in cases located in the anterosuperior subsegment of the liver. In 95 curative resections of the liver for hepatocellular carcinomas less than 5 cm in size, 29 tumors were located in the anterosuperior subsegment of the liver. The recurrence rates of tumors in the anterosuperior subsegment and other regions were 16/29 (55.2%) and 39/66 (59.1%), respectively. Recurrences near the resection line were significantly more common in the anterosuperior subsegment (6/29) than in other regions (2/66) of the liver (P < 0.05). The surgical margin from the tumor edge to the resection line was significantly shorter in tumors of the anterosuperior subsegment (4.6 +/- 9.7 mm) than in those of other regions (9.7 +/- 10.6 mm) (P < 0.01). The effect of an argon beam tissue coagulator was also examined in rat livers. Exposure to an argon beam tissue coagulator for 10, 30 and 60 seconds at a power setting of 100 watts was capable of burning out tissue to a depth of 6.0, 10.5 and 13.3 mm from the resection line of the rat liver, respectively. An exposure of 10 seconds is thought to be sufficient to destroy any microscopic residues of malignant cells near the resection line. Thus, an argon tissue coagulator could potentially be of value for the prophylaxis of recurrence near the resected surface.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Body surface mapping in diagnosing the severity of left ventricular hypertrophy].

Body surface mapping is constructed from numerous electrocardiographic data, obtained from many lead points distributed over the entire thorax. It is generally accepted that the electrocardiographic features of ventricular hypertrophy consists of increase of voltage and prolongation of conduction time. In this report, the usefulness of body surface mapping in diagnosing the quantitative evaluation of left ventricular hypertrophy is reviewed. Finally, we attempted to diagnosis the severity of repolarization abnormalities from QRST isointegral map of patients with left ventricular hypertrophy.

Body Surface Potential Mapping↗
PubMed1995

Topographic analysis of the changes in corneal shape due to aging.

We studied the aging changes in corneal shape using corneal topography. Normal corneas (1,343) from 734 volunteers were examined by Topographic Modeling System-1 (TMS-1). All eyes were divided into eight groups according to age: (a) < 20 years of age and, respectively, in their (b) 20s, (c) 30s, (d) 40s, (e) 50s, (f) 60s, (g) 70s, and (h) > 80. The age-related changes in the averaged map of TMS-1 were evaluated. The findings noted in this map were confirmed by analyzing the data as well as by assessing the average-of-difference map. The averaged maps of subjects from < 20 years of age to the 40s showed a vertical bow-tie-rule astigmatism. In the maps of subjects in their 50s and 60s, the central steep area gradually extended horizontally until it became a round configuration. The maps of subjects in their 70s and > 80 revealed a horizontal oval-shaped steep area, suggesting against-the-rule astigmatism. The average-of-difference map demonstrated a marked corneal steepening at the horizontal meridians. In the data analysis of the averaged map, the mean refractive powers of the cornea increased with age. Moreover, the refractive powers in the horizontal meridians exceeded those in the vertical meridians when they were in the 60s, which verified against-the-rule astigmatic shift. In conclusion, normal cornea becomes steeper and shifts from with-the-rule to against-the-rule astigmatism with age.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Late phase contrast enhanced-CT analysis of thrombosed type aortic dissection].

Seven patients with thrombosed type aortic dissection who underwent both early- and late-phase contrast enhanced (CE)-CT scans were analyzed. The image acquisition of early-phase CE-CT began 30 seconds after the intravenous administration of contrast material at an injection rate of 1.5 ml per second. Late-phase CE-CT began 6 minutes after contrast material injection. The thrombosed false lumens were not enhanced on early-phase CE-CTs in any of the cases. In five of seven cases, on the other hand, false lumens of the descending aorta were enhanced on late-phase images. Late enhancement in the false lumen was roughly divided into two patterns; (1) a crescentic enhancement of the sub-adventitial region (3 cases), and (2) a vague enhancement around the ulcerlike projection (2 cases). The mechanism of late enhancement in the false lumen was not fully elucidated. Although the clinical significance of late enhancement has not yet been established, it will be useful to demonstrate an unstable status of the thrombosed false lumens before organization.

Aged↗