The potential of anticomplement synthetic sulfonic polymers for xenotransplantation.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
H Hayashi
Publications and source records attributed to H Hayashi.
New approach by tissue engineering for extended selective transplantation with a pancreatic B-cell line (MIN6).
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Animals↗
Improvement of adult porcine pancreatic islet isolation; employment of an innovative enzyme solution.
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Animals↗
Anterior capsule contraction and intraocular lens dislocation after implant surgery in eyes with retinitis pigmentosa.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to investigate the extent of anterior capsule contraction, intraocular lens (IOL) decentration, and tilt after implant surgery in eyes with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). DESIGN: A case-control study. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-seven eyes from 47 patients with typical RP and 47 control eyes from 47 age-matched healthy patients were studied. INTERVENTION: Phacoemulsification surgery with polymethylmethacrylate IOL implantation with continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The area of the anterior capsule opening obtained with capsulorrhexis and the amount of the decentration and tilt of the IOL were measured using a Scheimpflug photography system at 1 week and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after surgery. RESULTS: The mean area in the RP group was found to be significantly smaller than that in the control group at 1 month after surgery and later (P < 0.0001). The percent area reduction in the RP group at 6 months was 45.2 +/- 25.8% and 4.6 +/- 13.5% in the control group. Both the decentration length and tilt angle were also greater in the RP group than in the control group. Fourteen (29.8%) of the 47 RP eyes had undergone a neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser anterior capsulotomy at 12 months after surgery, whereas none of the control eyes had undergone an Nd:YAG. CONCLUSIONS: Anterior capsule contraction in the RP eyes was more extensive than in the control eyes, leading to a high Nd:YAG laser anterior capsulotomy rate. Both lens decentration and tilt also were greater in the RP eyes than in the control eyes.
Anterior Chamber↗
Neural repair of the injured spinal cord by grafting: comparison between peripheral nerve segments and embryonic homologous structures as a conduit of CNS axons.
To study the differences between peripheral nerve (PN) and embryonic homologous CNS structures as a conduit for CNS axons, spinal cord segments in neonatal rats were removed at the mid-thoracic level and PN or embryonic spinal cord (ESC) segments were grafted into the vacancy. Neural connections across the graft were examined by the anterograde and retrograde tracing methods. Anterogradely labeled pyramidal tract fibers entered the PN segment meanderingly and were dispersed; most stopped at the caudal end of the graft. Although a small fraction of fibers re-entered the host spinal cord, they terminated near the graft-host interface without further extension. By contrast, similarly labeled fibers entering the ESC segments crossed the graft and extended further to reach the lumbar segments. The fibers were defasciculated in the graft but became fasciculated and oriented dorsally near the caudal end of the graft, and descended in the normal path. Consistent with these findings, the retrograde tracing study revealed that in animals with ESC segment grafts but not in those with PN segment grafts, many neurons in the upper brain structures were labeled with Fast Blue that was injected into the lumbar enlargement. The difference between the two kinds of graft as a conduit for CNS axons is likely to be due to differences in matching growing axons and their guidance cues through the graft-host interface.
Animals↗
Effect of TYB-2285 on peritoneal anaphylaxis in passively sensitized rats.
1. The effect of TYB-2285, a novel anti-inflammatory drug, was investigated on passive peritoneal anaphylaxis in rats, and compared with disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), amlexanox, ketotifen fumarate and tranilast. 2. As parameters of passive peritoneal anaphylaxis, histamine release into the peritoneal cavity and capillary permeability elicited by ascitis were measured. 3. TYB-2285 (10 mg/kg), when given intraperitoneally at 0.5, 1 and 2 min before antigen challenge, inhibited anaphylactic histamine release by 36.2%, 57.5% and 52.6%, respectively. TYB-2285 also inhibited capillary permeability by 20.9%, 57.6% and 49.0%, respectively. 4. DSCG (10 mg/kg), given intraperitoneally 0.5 min before challenge, inhibited histamine release and capillary permeability by 79.6% and 57.6%, respectively. 5. Amlexanox (10 mg/kg), given intraperitoneally 0.5 min before challenge, inhibited histamine release and capillary permeability by 85.6% and 74.8%, respectively. 6. A time-course study showed that TYB-2285 (30 mg/kg) was effective for 30 min after oral administration. A dose-response study suggested that the inhibitory effect of TYB-22585 (postoperatively) on histamine release during PPA reached a plateau at 10 mg/kg. 7. In passive peritoneal anaphylaxis in vitro, TC-1121 and TC-1122, metabolites of TYB-2285, inhibited antigen-induced histamine release at 10(-7) to 10(-5) M in a dose-dependent manner, whereas TYB-2285 itself and other major metabolites of TYB-2285, TC-286 and TC-326, did not inhibit histamine release, even at 10(-4) M.
Anaphylaxis↗
Area reduction in the anterior capsule opening in eyes of diabetes mellitus patients.
PURPOSE: To compare the extent of area reduction in the anterior capsule opening after continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis in the eyes of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with that in the eyes of patients without DM. SETTING: Hayashi Eye Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan. METHODS: Ninety-one eyes of 91 DM patients and 91 age-matched eyes of patients without DM (control group) having intraocular lens (IOL) implantation were recruited for this prospective study. The DM group comprised 36 eyes with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and 55 without retinopathy (NDR). The anterior capsule opening area was quantitated using Scheimpflug photography 1 week and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in mean anterior capsule opening area between the DM and control groups at 1 week or 1 month postoperatively. The area was significantly smaller in the DM group at 3 (P = .0221) and 6 (P = .0075) months. The percentage area reduction was also greater in the DM group than in the control group. The area in the DR group was significantly smaller than in the control group at 3 (P = .0392) and 6 (P = .0080) months. The percentage reduction in the DR group was larger than in the NDR or control group. CONCLUSIONS: After IOL implantation, contraction of the anterior capsule opening area was more extensive in eyes of DM patients than in those of patients without DM, especially in the case of DR.
Aged↗
Low-vacuum, low-voltage scanning electron microscopy of poly(methyl methacrylate) intraocular lenses.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of low-vacuum, low-voltage scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM) in examining the surfaces of intraocular lenses (IOLs) without preparation. SETTING: In vitro laboratory experiment. METHODS: Six commercially available IOLs made of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and one explanted PMMA IOL were evaluated with LVSEM without sputter coating. Sham surgical maneuvers were performed on some IOLs and the surface changes observed. RESULTS: Smooth surfaces of IOL optics and haptics, relatively sharp edges of optic holes, and irregularities at the optic/haptic junction were clearly observed. Crystalline deposits were seen on the surfaces after the IOLs were dipped and dried in saline solution. Scratches and marks were observed after they were grasped with a forceps. CONCLUSIONS: Low-vacuum, low-voltage scanning electron microscopy is a time-saving procedure that can be used by inexperienced investigators. The resolution under relatively low magnification appeared to be satisfactory for evaluating the IOL surface.
Electricity↗
Reproducibility of posterior capsule opacification measurement using Scheimpflug videophotography.
PURPOSE: To examine the intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility in measuring posterior capsule opacification (PCO) using a Scheimpflug videophotography system. SETTING: Hayashi Eye Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan. METHOD: Twenty eyes with PCO and 10 without PCO had 5 independent measurements 15 minutes apart performed by 3 observers. The eyes without PCO were selected within 1 week after surgery. Intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility were evaluated using the coefficient of variation and intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The median coefficients of variation of the 3 observers were 11.6%, 11.3%, and 9.8%, respectively, which indicates an acceptably low observer variability. The intraobserver correlation coefficients of the 3 observers were all more than 0.95, and the interobserver correlation coefficient was 0.976, which indicates excellent reproducibility. CONCLUSION: The results of intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of PCO measurement using the Scheimpflug videophotography system indicate it would be effective for use in research and clinical management of PCO.
Adult↗
Value of mild hypothermia in patients who have severe circulatory insufficiency even after intra-aortic balloon pump.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of mild hypothermia in postcardiac surgical patients with severe heart failure in spite of conventional medical therapy and the use of intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP). DESIGN: Prospective, clinical study. SETTING: Teaching hospital. PATIENTS: 10 postcardiac surgical patients with severe heart failure despite the use of IABP with massive doses of catecholamine. INTERVENTIONS: Patients underwent mild hypothermia produced by surface cooling (to approximately 34.5 degrees C). Hemodynamic criteria for the induction of hypothermia included a cardiac index (CI) of less than 2.2 L/min/m2 with a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) of up to 18 mmHg despite the use of IABP with massive doses of catecholamine. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: After control measurements had been taken at normal core body temperature (37 degrees C), patients were cooled to approximately 34.5 degrees C (using a cooling blanket and gastric lavage with cold water) to decrease tissue oxygen (O2) demand. Patients showed significant improvements in CI (1.9 +/- 0.3 to 2.2 +/- 0.3 L/min/m2), mixed venous O2 saturation, (SvO2; 55 +/- 7 to 64 +/- 6%), and urine output (2.1 +/- 1.1 to 3.4 +/- 2.2 ml/kg/hr). Patients were rewarmed while SvO2 was being monitored. The duration of the hypothermia was 38 +/- 41 hours. Oxygen delivery increased in 8 of the 10 patients, the mean value (+/- SD) for the group rising from 309 +/- 65 ml/min/m2 to 358 +/- 57 ml/min/m2 as temperature was reduced from 36.7 +/- 0.4 degrees C to 34.7 +/- 0.3 degrees C. All patients were successfully weaned from IABP at 140 +/- 107 hours after admission to the intensive care unit. CONCLUSIONS: Mild hypothermia is a simple and useful procedure for improving the circulation of postcardiac surgical patients with severe heart failure despite the use of IABP.
Aged↗
Telomerase activity and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in human uterine cervical cancers and cervical smears.
Telomerase activity and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection were investigated in uterine cervical samples using molecular biology techniques. Thirteen cervical carcinomas and corresponding normal tissue from the same patient, and 102 cervical swabs were examined. Telomerase activity was detected in 12 of 13 cervical cancer tissues (92%). Of the 12 cases that showed telomerase activity, all were HPV positive, and the one case that did not show telomerase activity was HPV negative. A telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay detected telomerase activity in one out of seven normal cervical tissues (14%), and this one case was HPV positive. In cervical smear samples, telomerase activity was detected in two out of 36 normal smears (6%; both HPV positive), in 10 of 32 (31%) CIN1 (cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia) cases (three HPV positive), in four of five (80%) CIN2 cases (two HPV positive), in 15 of 21 (71%) CIN3 cases, (seven HPV positive) and in seven of eight (88%) squamous cell carcinoma cases (six HPV positive). These results suggest that telomerase activity may play some role in cervical carcinogenesis, and telomerase activity is associated with HPV infection in uterine cervical lesions.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
Anti-Fas antibody-induced apoptosis in human colorectal carcinoma cell lines: role of the p53 gene.
The cell surface Fas antigen transducts an apoptotic signal by its crosslinking with Fas ligand or anti-Fas antibody in a variety of human cultured cells. In this study, we examined the expression of Fas antigen and its mediation of apoptosis in six human colorectal carcinoma cell lines. A flow cytometric analysis revealed that LoVo, DLD-1, WiDr and SW837 cell lines showed higher expression levels of Fas antigen, in contrast to lower expression in COLO201 and COLO320DM. Interferon-gamma enhanced the expression of Fas antigen in all of the cell lines examined. Both Fas ligand and Fas-associated phosphatase-1 (FAP-1) were expressed only in COLO320DM. Anti-Fas antibody induced apoptosis in LoVo carrying wild-type p53 gene, but not in the other five cell lines carrying mutated p53 gene. The transfection of wild-type p53 gene using an adenovirus vector upregulated P53 protein in WiDr and SW837 cells, both of which showed, however, no increase in apoptotic cells by anti-Fas antibody treatment. These results indicated that (1) Fas antigen was variably expressed, regardless of the p53 gene status and (2) the susceptibility to anti-Fas antibody-mediated apoptosis did not correlate to Fas, Fas ligand or FAP-1 expression levels. Therefore, we conclude that wild-type P53 expression might not necessarily be essential for Fas-mediated apoptosis in human colorectal carcinoma cell lines.
Journal Article↗
Impaired glucose tolerance in mice with a targeted impairment of insulin action in muscle and adipose tissue.
Type 2 diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by peripheral insulin resistance and impaired beta cell function. Insulin resistance is inherited as a non-mendelian trait. In genetically predisposed individuals, resistance of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue to insulin action precedes the onset of clinical diabetes, and is thought to contribute to hyperglycaemia by leading to impaired beta cell function and increased hepatic glucose production. It is not clear whether beta cell and liver defects are also genetically determined. To test the hypothesis that insulin resistance in muscle and fat is sufficient to cause type 2 diabetes in the absence of intrinsic beta cell and liver abnormality, we generated transgenic mice that were insulin-resistant in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. These mice developed all the prodromal features of type 2 diabetes but, despite the compounded effect of peripheral insulin resistance and a mild impairment of beta cell function, failed to become diabetic. These findings indicate the need for a critical re-examination of the primary site(s) of insulin resistance in diabetes.
Adipose Tissue↗
Heterogeneity and underlying mechanism for inotropic action of endothelin-1 in rat ventricular myocytes.
1. To clarify the mechanisms underlying the positive inotropic action of endothelin-1 (ET-1), we investigated the effect of ET-1 on twitch cell shortening and the Ca2+ transient in rat isolated ventricular myocytes loaded with a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator indo-1. 2. There was a cell-to-cell heterogeneity in response to ET-1. ET-1 (100 nM) increased twitch cell shortening in only 6 of 14 cells (44%) and the increase in twitch cell shortening was always accompanied by an increase in the amplitude of the Ca2+ transient. 3. The ET(A)- and ET(B)-receptors antagonist TAK-044 (100 nM) almost reversed both the ET-1-induced increases in twitch cell shortening and in the Ca2+ transient. In the ET-1 non-responding cells, the amplitude of the Ca2+ transient never increased. 4. Intracellular pH slightly increased (approximately 0.08 unit) after 30 min perfusion of ET-1 in rat ventricular myocytes. However, ET-1 did not change the myofilament responsiveness to Ca2+, which was assessed by (1) the relationship between the Ca2+ transient amplitude and twitch cell shortening, and by (2) the Ca2+ transient-cell shortening phase plane diagram during negative staircase. 5. We concluded that there was a cell-to-cell heterogeneity in the positive inotropic effect of ET-1, and that the ET-receptor-mediated positive inotropic effect was mainly due to an increase in the Ca2+ transient amplitude rather than to an increase in myofilament responsiveness to Ca2+.
Animals↗
Enhancement of the tolerance of Arabidopsis to high temperatures by genetic engineering of the synthesis of glycinebetaine.
Arabidopsis thaliana was transformed with the codA gene for choline oxidase from Arthrobacter globiformis under control of the 35S RNA promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus. As a result, high levels of glycinebetaine accumulated in the seeds of transformed plants. Transformation with the codA gene significantly enhanced the tolerance to high temperatures during the imbibition and germination of seeds, as well as during growth of young seedlings. The extent of enhancement of the tolerance to high temperature was correlated with levels of choline oxidase expressed and of glycinebetine accumulated in the transformed plants. The induction of homologues of heat shock protein 70 at high temperature was less conspicuous in the transformed plants than in the wild-type plants, suggesting that the transformation alleviated the high-temperature stress.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
Cardiac surgery and inhaled nitric oxide: indication and follow-up (2-4 years).
We studied the effect of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) on 80 patients who had undergone cardiac surgery in our center. The indications for receiving NO inhalation and the number of patients were as follows: Pp/Ps > 0.5 for pulmonary hypertension (PH) (n = 32; 21 children and 11 adults), severe PH crisis (n = 9), high pulmonary vascular tone (Glenn pressure more than 18 mm Hg after bidirectional Glenn operation) or arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) less than 70% despite an FiO2 of 1.0 after Blalock-Taussig shunt (n = 6), mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) > 15 mm Hg and transpulmonary gradient (TPG) (mean PAP - left atrial pressure [LAP]) > 8 mm Hg after Fontan-type operation (n = 18), elevated pulmonary vascular tone (mean PAP > 30 mm Hg and left ventricular assist system [LVAS] flow rate < 2.5 L/min/m2) in patients with LVAS (n = 3), and impaired oxygenation (PaO2/FiO2 < 100 under positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP] > 5 cm H2O) (n = 12). Low dose inhaled NO (10 ppm) had the following effects. In adult PH patients, it significantly reduced the mean PAP (from 37.3 to 27.0 mm Hg; average values are given) and increased the mean systemic arterial pressure (SAP) (64.7 to 75.3 mm Hg). In infant PH patients, it increased the mean SAP (51.8 to 56.1 mm Hg). In patients with a PH crisis, it significantly reduced the central venous pressure (CVP) (13.3 to 8.8 mm Hg) while increasing both the mean SAP (49.4 to 57.9 mm Hg) and PaO2/FiO2 (135 to 206). In patients after a Fontan-type operation, it significantly reduced the mean PAP (16.8 to 13.8 mm Hg) and TPG (9.5 to 5.8 mm Hg). In patients under LVAS, it reduced the CVP (11.7 to 8.0 mm Hg) and mean PAP (32.0 to 24.7 mm Hg). In impaired oxygenation patients, PaO2/FiO2 was increased (75 to 106). Sixty-five patients were all followed for 2.0-4.3 years (average, 3.1 years). All 65 patients remained free from oxygen requirement, and possible chronic adverse effects including the occurrence of malignant tumors or chronic inflammation in the respiratory tract were not observed.
Administration, Inhalation↗
Diagnosis of gastric cancer up to three years after negative upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The degree of accuracy of gastroscopy for the detection of gastric cancer is poorly understood. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the accuracy of gastroscopy by using cancer registry records. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Gastroscopic examinations (n = 37094) conducted between 1984 and 1989 were studied by linking them with hospital-based and population-based (Fukui Prefecture, Japan) cancer registry records between 1984 and 1992. False-negative gastroscopies that had been carried out within the three years preceding the diagnosis of gastric cancer were identified. RESULTS: The numbers of true-positive, false-positive, and false-negative examinations carried out were 659, six and 155, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 81.0%, 100.0%, 99.1%, and 99.6%, respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracy of gastroscopy was 99.6%. There was little difference in sensitivity results between the patient groups with regard to reason for referral, type of endoscope used, experience of endoscopist, or location of gastric cancer. The percentage of tumours representing early gastric cancer, identified after false-negative gastroscopy, was lower for those situated in the cardia or gastric body than for those in the angular notch or the antrum. CONCLUSIONS: The accuracy of gastroscopy in the detection of gastric cancer is satisfactory, but false-negative results are sometimes obtained. We emphasize the importance of repeated endoscopic examination for the detection of gastric cancer.
Adult↗
Detection of several mRNA species in rice phloem sap.
Evidence is reported for the presence of the mRNAs of thioredoxin h, oryzacystatin-I, and actin in the rice phloem sap collected by the insect laser method. As the sieve element, the core component of the phloem, is enucleated, these macromolecules are probably transported from the companion cells.
Actins↗