Biomedical subjects

H Hassan

Publications and source records attributed to H Hassan.

66 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

In vitro activity of teicoplanin, vancomycin, A16686, clindamycin, erythromycin and fusidic acid against anaerobic bacteria.

The in vitro activity of teicoplanin and A16686, two new glycopeptide antibiotics was determined against 196 isolates of anaerobic bacteria. The activity of teicoplanin and A16686, in comparison with that of vancomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin and fusidic acid was 2 to 16 times higher against the gram positive anaerobes, namely, Propionibacterium acnes, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium species, Peptococcus species and Peptostreptococcus species. However, Bacteroides fragilis was resistant to teicoplanin and A16686 while Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Bacteroides bivius were found to be sensitive.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1990

Culture-positive thoracic empyema in adults.

Twenty-nine adult patients with culture-positive thoracic empyema were seen at the University Hospital Kuala Lumpur from 1984 to 1988. Cough, fever, chest pain, dyspnoea and weight loss were the common presenting symptoms. The empyema in 16 patients was associated with primary bronchopulmonary infections, nine occurred following thoracentesis of culture-sterile pleural effusions, two occurred as post-thoracic surgery complications, one following a subdiaphragmatic abscess and one as a result of a stab wound. The most common culture isolates were Streptococcus milleri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Closed tube thoracostomy, the most common form of drainage procedure employed, was able to effect a cure or control of the empyema in 11 out of 19 patients in whom it was used.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Use of antimicrobial containing acrylic strips in the treatment of chronic periodontal disease. A three month follow-up study.

Local antimicrobial therapy has been considered for use in the treatment of chronic periodontal disease. This study evaluated chlorhexidine, metronidazole, and tetracycline delivered into periodontal pockets in an acrylic resin vehicle and compared the results with root planed and untreated sites over a three-month follow-up period. One site per patient where pocketing greater than or equal to 6 mm associated with a single rooted tooth was randomly allocated to one of the five possible regimens. Baseline and follow-up measurements included probing depth, loss of attachment, bleeding on probing, crevicular fluid flow, and dark-field microscopy of a subgingival plaque sample. Intratreatment evaluations revealed no significant changes in any parameter for untreated sites. Significant improvements in many parameters occurred with all four therapies although the magnitude and duration were greater in metronidazole and root planing groups. The more important intertreatment comparisons indicated that most treatments produced significant benefits compared with the control group; however, again these were greater with metronidazole and root planing. Furthermore, significantly greater effects were noted for metronidazole and root planing compared with tetracycline and more particularly chlorhexidine. It is concluded that some locally delivered antimicrobials alone may be useful in the treatment of chronic periodontal disease. However, at this time local antimicrobial therapy should be considered as adjunctive to conventional debridement techniques.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Comparison of alcohol shock enrichment and selective enrichment for the isolation of Clostridium difficile.

Two enrichment methods were compared for their ability to recover Clostridium difficile from stool samples. One method used selective enrichment in an antibiotic-containing broth followed by detection with a latex particle agglutination (LPA) reagent. The other used enrichment in a non-selective broth following treatment of the specimen with alcohol. With clinical specimens enrichment culture was significantly more successful at detecting C. difficile than direct plating. Alcohol shock enrichment was twice as effective as direct culture, while selective broth enrichment was three times more effective. The use of LPA for screening selective enrichment broths for C. difficile should prove a cost-effective measure as only positive broths (about 20%) require subculture for confirmation.

Bacteriological Techniques↗

PubMed1986

Effects of Fansidar on chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Pakistan.

Fansidar (SP), a combination of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine, was evaluated for its usefulness as a curative agent for treating individual malaria patients and for reducing the community reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum in 4 villages near Lahore, Pakistan, where resistance of 4-aminoquinolines has recently been reported. Following the end of the major malaria transmission season, we carried out a month-long mass treatment campaign during which SP was given to all available villagers who had parasitemias detected during a concurrent house-to-house malaria blood film survey. Of the 82 falciparum patients followed for 14 days after SP treatment, 80 (97.5%) had parasites sensitive to the investigated drug. Parasitemia clearance time after SP was remarkedly short (1.25 +/- 0.53 days; mean +/- SD). However, we were unable to reduce the parasite reservoir of P. falciparum and P. vivax in these villages, probably because we treated only 337, about one-third, of the parasitemic patients. We conclude that SP is an effective drug for treating individual malaria patients from areas in Pakistan where 4-aminoquinoline-resistant parasites are present, but that more research is needed for assessing its usefulness in reducing community reservoirs of malaria.

Disease Reservoirs↗

PubMed1985

Effects of adjuvants to local anaesthetics on their duration. IV. Effect of hyaluronic acid added to bupivacaine or prilocaine on the duration of nerve blockade in man.

A randomized study of the duration of ulnar nerve blockade induced with 2% prilocaine or 0.5% bupivacaine with and without 0.4% hyaluronic acid was performed in volunteers. In contrast to results in experimental animals, the addition of hyaluronic acid to the local anaesthetic solution did not affect the duration of sensory nerve block.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗

PubMed1985

The development and clinical use of acrylic strips containing anti-microbial agents in the management of chronic periodontitis.

Several methods have been used to deliver antimicrobial drugs into periodontal pockets. This study was concerned with the development of acrylic in strip form for such an application. Initially the release of chlorhexidine acetate from cold cured acrylic strips into water, was measured spectrophotometrically over a 15 day period. The release of chlorhexidine was highest on day 1, was reduced considerably by day 2 and then fell progressively to day 15. With the exception of the release on day 1 there was little difference in daily release from drug admixtures between 40 to 80 per cent. Comparison of the release of chlorhexidine, metronidazole and tetracycline demonstrated a similar release pattern for metronidazole and chlorhexidine but the daily release of tetracycline was considerably less. A bioassay indicated that all drugs were released in active form. In a clinical study chlorhexidine, tetracycline and metronidazole rods were placed in periodontal pockets for 2-3 days and the effects monitored by dark field microscopy. All drugs produced a proportional increase in cocci and marked reductions in other organisms, notably the curved and motile rods and spirochaetes. The effects of metronidazole and tetracycline were greater than those of chlorhexidine. A second clinical study compared the effects of metronidazole and tetracycline strips placed for 2 weeks. Clinically, both treatment methods had immediate effects upon pocketing, bleeding on probing and crevicular flow, which for metronidazole were maintained to the 3-month follow-up period. For tetracycline, the bleeding and crevicular flow were significantly reduced and maintained to the 3-month period but the initial pocket reduction returned to baseline levels by 3 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acrylic Resins↗

PubMed1979

Hypercapnia and hyperkalaemia.

Studies in patients undergoing peritoneal laparoscopy, in which carbon dioxide was used as insufflating gas, showed that artificial hyperventilation was an effective means of preventing serious hypercapnia. The hypercapnia caused a rapid hyperkalaemia and there was a linear relationship between the two. Reversal of the hypercapnia caused the serum potassium to fall towards normal but the speed of this fall did not match the speed of reduction in Paco2. It is suggested that the changes in serum potassium following changes in Paco2 may have some clinical relevance in potassium-depicted patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1978