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Biomedical subjects

H Hashimoto

Publications and source records attributed to H Hashimoto.

At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of sulbactam/ampicillin in the pediatric field].

The usefulness of sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) in the treatment of pediatric infections was evaluated. 1. Twenty pediatric patients with infection were treated with SBT/ABPC and an intravenous dosage of 27.8-47.4 mg/kg, 3 to 4 times a day. Clinical efficacies in 18 patients excluding 2 patients of Mycoplasma pneumonia (9 cases of pneumonia, 6 urinary tract infection, 1 tonsillitis, 1 maxillary sinusitis and 1 osteomyelitis) were judged to be excellent in 13 patients and good in 5. There was no case of failure. 2. Bacteriological efficacies against 16 strains (1 Staphylococcus aureus, 3 Enterococcus faecalis, 4 Haemophilus influenzae, 2 Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 5 Escherichia coli and 1 Serratia sp.) isolated from 13 of the 18 patients were rated as "eradicated" for 13 strains, "decreased" for 1 and "unchanged" for 2 with an eradication rate of 81.3%. Of 13 strains eradicated, 3 were those with high beta-lactamase productivity. 3. Rash as a side effect developed in 1 patient and eosinophilia and elevated GOT and GPT were observed in 7 patients but none of them were serious. 4. Blood levels of the drug following an intravenous dose of 30 mg/kg were determined in 2 pediatric patients. Blood levels of SBT and ABPC at 30 minutes after intravenous administration were 19.0 and 29.2 micrograms/ml in one patient and 21.0 and 31.6 micrograms/ml in another, respectively, and those at 4 hours were 0.48 and 0.62 microgram/ml in one patient and 0.59 and 0.89 microgram/ml in another, respectively. The half-lives of SBT were 0.67 and 0.70 hour and those of ABPC were 0.64 and 0.69 hour in the 2 patients, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

[Eosinophilic lymphofolliculosis (Kimura's disease) complicated with aortitis syndrome].

A 47 year-old-man was admitted because of mild congestive heart failure. A differential white blood cell count revealed eosinophilia and a biopsied inguinal lymph node showed well-developed lymphoid follicles with germinal centers, eosinophil infiltration and marked proliferating vessels with swollen endothelial cells. He was diagnosed as eosinophilic lymphfolliculosis (Kimura's disease). He also was hypertensive and vascular murmur was pointed out in his abdomen. Angiography revealed the complication of aortitis syndrome. Renal complication in eosinophilic lymphfolliculosis was reported in some cases and it was though that the disease had a clinical aspect of systemic diseases. The complication of aortitis syndrome in our case is interesting from a point of view of eosinophilic lymphfolliculosis as a systemic disease.

Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of the 1987 revised ARA criteria for rheumatoid arthritis in Japan].

Three hundred and sixty two Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 455 patients with other rheumatic diseases (SLE 233, PSS 63, MCTD 51, PM-DM 41 Behcet's disease 33 and OA 33) were examined for the evaluation of the 1987 revised ARA criteria for RA. In our cases sensitivity was slightly decreased and specificity was markedly increased 5 out of 7 criterions compared with the results reported by ARA. In the investigation how many number of criterions at least which the patients with RA should satisfy, 4 out of 7 criterions in the 1987 criteria turned out the highest figure in the accuracy (the mean of sensitivity and specificity values). So the patients who satisfied at least 4 criterions were classified to have RA. Sensitivity of the 1987 criteria decreased to 90% although that of the 1958 ARA criteria was 93%. Specificity were markedly increased from 88% to 95% (the 1958 and 1987 criteria, respectively). These results might be based on the revision of the duration of "morning stiffness" (lasting at least 1 hour) and on the deletion of "joint pain or tenderness" which was relatively less specific for RA.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1989

Altered responsiveness to sympathetic nerve stimulation and agonists of isolated left atria of diabetic rats: no evidence for involvement of hypothyroidism.

To clarify the role of hypothyroidism in diabetes-induced sympathetic neuropathy, we examined the responsiveness to sympathetic nerve stimulation and to agonists of the left atria of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, and compared it with those in hypothyroid, thyroxine(T4)-treated diabetic or T4-treated hypothyroid rats. Positive inotropic response of isolated left atria to transmural nerve stimulation (TNS) was examined in the presence of atropine. In diabetic rats, plasma triiodothyronine and T4 levels decreased markedly. The responses to TNS and norepinephrine (NE) also decreased. The decrease was greater in response to TNS, which may be due to the reduction of presynaptic NE release. As to the postsynaptic response, the maximal response to NE decreased without any significant change in ED50 value, and a similar decrease in the maximal response to Ca++ was also observed in spite of a slight decrease in the beta receptor density. Therefore, in diabetic rats the decreased response to TNS may result mainly from a decreased NE release from nerve endings and a decreased contractility beyond the adrenoceptor level. In hypothyroid rats, the response to TNS and NE decreased, and the decrease was again greater in response to TNS. The decrease in the NE response was due to the increased ED50 value without any change in the maximal response. Similarly, the maximal response to Ca++ did not change. Thus in the hypothyroid rats, the decreased response to TNS probably results from a decreased NE release from nerve endings as well as a decreased sensitivity to NE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effects of trisodium nitrilotriacetate monohydrate, nitrilotriacetic acid and ammonium chloride on urinary bladder carcinogenesis in rats pretreated with N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl) nitrosamine.

The effects of trisodium nitrilotriacetate monohydrate (Na3 NTA.H2O) nitrilotriacetic acid (H3NTA) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) on two-stage urinary bladder carcinogenesis were examined. Carcinogenesis was initiated by administration of 0.2% N-bis (2-hydroxypropyl)-nitrosamine (DHPN) to male Wistar rats in the drinking water for 2 weeks, and then the animals were treated with basal diet containing Na3NTA.H2O, Na3NTA.H2O plus NH4Cl, H3NTA, H3NTA plus NH4Cl, or without these chemicals for 28 weeks. Na3NTA.H2O increased significantly the resultant incidence of neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions of the urinary bladder. Moreover, treatment with Na3NTA.H2O, without the initiation, itself induced papillary or nodular (PN)-hyperplasia. H3NTA produced only a slight increase in the incidence of preneoplastic urinary bladder lesions (PN-hyperplasia) in rats initiated by DHPN, and this was not statistically significant. Elevation of both pH and sodium ion concentration in the urine were correlated with promotion of tumor development. These data showed that Na3NTA.H2O was more effective than H3NTA with regard to promoting potential, and that changes in both urinary pH and concentration of sodium played important roles in enhancement of urinary bladder tumorigenesis by these chemicals.

Acetates↗
PubMed1988

Promotive effect of 4,4'-methylenebis(N,N-dimethyl)benzenamine on N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine-induced thyroid tumors in Wistar rats.

The promotive effect of 4,4'-methylenebis(N,N-dimethyl)benzenamine (MDBA) on 2-stage thyroid tumorigenesis induced by N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN) in Wistar male rats was investigated. Animals were given i.p. injections of DHPN, and then a basal diet containing 0.0375% MDBA for 19 weeks. In addition, localization of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the pituitary gland was investigated. Levels of TSH and T4 in serum were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The addition of MDBA to the diet significantly increased the incidence and numbers of preneoplastic lesion (focal hyperplasia), adenoma and carcinoma of the thyroid. TSH was usually localized in the thyroidectomy-cell in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, and the number of TSH-positive cells increased in the group treated with MDBA. Mean circulating levels of TSH were elevated in all MDBA-treated groups, and mean T4 levels in groups treated with MDBA were significantly lower different (P less than 0.05) than those in control groups.

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMed1988

Enhancement of UDP-glucuronyltransferase, UDP-glucose dehydrogenase, and glutathione S-transferase activities in rat liver by dietary administration of eugenol.

Male Fisher rats were fed a diet ad lib. containing eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) to observe its effects on liver drug-detoxifying enzymes such as UDP-glucuronyltransferase (GT), UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (DH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Liver weights were not affected significantly by a diet containing 3% eugenol (w/w) for 13 weeks. The activities of GT of liver microsomes toward various xenobiotic substances such as 4-nitrophenol, 1-naphthol, 4-hydroxybiphenyl and 4-methylumbelliferone were enhanced by dietary administration of eugenol, but the activity of GT toward its endogenous substrate, bilirubin, was not changed. Dose-response relationships between the enhancement of GT activities toward these xenobiotics and the dose of eugenol were observed. The induced higher activities of GT toward these xenobiotics were maintained during 13 weeks of eugenol treatment. Similar results on DH and GST activities in the liver cytosol were obtained by dietary administration of eugenol, while no effect on cytochrome P-450 content in the liver microsomes from the rats fed the eugenol diet was observed during 13 weeks. These results suggest that the intracellular content of the active intermediates of various drugs or carcinogens would be reduced by this specific enhancement of drug-detoxifying enzymes in the liver of rats given a diet containing eugenol, as previously described for a diet containing 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) [Y-N. Cha and H. S. Heine, Cancer Res. 42, 2609 (1982)].

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Detection of myocardial reperfusion by analysis of serum creatine kinase isoforms.

Serum creatine kinase (CK) MM isoforms were determined by chromatofocusing in 22 patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing intracoronary thrombolysis. In 13 patients with successful coronary recanalization within 3.6 +/- 1.0 (SD) h after onset, time to peak CK activity occurred 13 +/- 3 h after onset which was significantly shorter (p less than 0.01) than that in 9 patients without coronary recanalization (20 +/- 4 h). The proportion of CK MM-A, the myocardial isoform, in serum in the reperfused group at 6, 10, and 14 h after onset (53 +/- 9, 38 +/- 5, and 27 +/- 4%, respectively) was always significantly lower (p less than 0.01) than that in the nonreperfused group (69 +/- 7, 59 +/- 8, and 43 +/- 4%). During the same period, the proportions of CK MM-B and CK MM-C, the converted isoforms derived intravascularly from MM-A by circulating carboxypeptidase, in the reperfused group were always significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than those in the nonreperfused group. The ratios of MM-A% to MM-B% and MM-A% to MM-C% amplified the differences between the two groups. At 10 h after onset, these ratios clearly differentiated the reperfused and the nonreperfused group at the values of 1.0 (MM-A/MM-B) and 3.0 (MM-A/MM-C) with the diagnostic sensitivity of 85% and 92%, respectively. Thus, myocardial reperfusion was detectable noninvasively by analysis of serum CK MM isoforms during the early stage of acute myocardial infarction.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

MR imaging of intraspinal tumors--capability in histological differentiation and compartmentalization of extramedullary tumors.

Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 29 consecutive patients with intraspinal neoplasms (9 intramedullary tumors, 20 extramedullary tumors) were reviewed to evaluate the utility of MR imaging in distinguishing the intraspinal compartmental localisation and signal characteristics of each lesion. Compartment and histology of all neoplasms were surgically proven. MR correctly assigned one of three compartments to all lesions, 9 intramedullary, 14 intradural extramedullary (6 schwannomas, 3 neurofibromas, 5 meningiomas), and 6 extradural (3 schwannomas, 1 meningioma, 1 cavernous hemangioma, 1 metastatic renal cell carcinoma). All intramedullary tumors showed swelling of the spinal cord itself. In all five extradural tumors a low intensity band was visualized between the spinal cord and tumor. On the other hand, a low intensity band was demonstrated in no cases with intradural tumors. Visualization of this low intensity band is important in differentiating extradural from intradural-extramedullary lesions. We call this low intensity band, "the extradural sign". Signal intensity of intradural tumors varied with histology. In extramedullary tumors, signal intensity of schwannomas was similar to that of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) both on T1 weighted (inversion recovery) and T2 weighted spin echo (SE) images. On the other hand, meningiomas tended to be isointense to the spinal cord on both T1 and T2 weighted SE images. We found relatively reliable signal characteristics to discriminate meningioma from schwannoma.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1988

Molecular cloning and complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of Japanese encephalitis virus Beijing-1 strain.

The genomic RNA of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) Beijing-1 strain was reversely transcribed and the synthesized cDNA was molecularly cloned. Six continuous cDNA clones that cover the entire virus genome were established and sequenced to determine the complete nucleotide sequence of the JEV RNA. The precise genomic size was estimated as 10,965 bases long. With flanking 95 bases at the 5' and 583 bases at the 3' non-coding regions, one long open reading frame (ORF) was revealed encoding a virus polyprotein with 3,429 amino acid residues. Because of sequence homologies observed between JEV and other flaviviruses, the genome organization of JEV appears to be identical with other flaviviruses. Genetic variation detected among flavivirus genomes is consistent with the established serological relatedness between JEV and other members of flaviviruses. The secondary structure of the JEV genome is deduced and discussed concerning its involvement in genome replication.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Influences of prolactin upon spermatogenesis and spermatozoa during in vitro fertilization in mice.

Hyperprolactinemia, induced by pituitary isografts for 20 weeks in male mice and confirmed by radioimmunoassay using anti-mouse prolactin serum, did not impair spermatogenesis in the testis and maturing processes of spermatozoa in the epididymis. Incubation of freshly obtained epididymal spermatozoa for 90 min in culture media containing various levels of mouse prolactin did not yield any adverse effects on percentage motility rates of epididymal spermatozoa. When the level of mouse prolactin in the preincubation medium for epididymal spermatozoa was 100 ng/ml, the rate of fertilization by these preincubated spermatozoa in the subsequent in vitro fertilization experiment was significantly lowered compared with that observed in controls. However, when the level of prolactin in preincubation media was 10 ng/ml, no significant reduction in the rate of fertilization occurred. The present experiments seem to indicate the existence of some differences in the effects of prolactin on male germ cells until they reach the tail of the epididymis and on the processes of capacitation and/or fertilization by epididymal spermatozoa after they leave the epididymis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effects of prolactin on gametes and zygotes during in vitro fertilization in mice.

Hyperprolactinemia is one of the major causative factors of infertility. However, the effect of prolactin on gametes during in vitro fertilization has not been elucidated. In the present study, the effects of mouse prolactin on the motility of spermatozoa, in vitro fertilization, and in vitro development of the zygote were investigated in mice using media containing three different concentrations (10, 50, and 100 ng/ml) of mouse prolactin. The development of unfertilized and fertilized oocytes (zygotes) was not affected in vitro by prolactin regardless of the amount of prolactin added to culture media. However, the fertilizing capacity of the spermatozoa was suppressed when they were preincubated for 90 min in culture media containing prolactin at concentrations of 50 and 100 ng/ml. The motility of spermatozoa was not affected by prolactin regardless of the concentration of prolactin used for preincubation. The present study indicates that prolactin may have some effects on the capacitation process of spermatozoa in vitro. This result should be taken into consideration in in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer procedures in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effects of atrial natriuretic polypeptide and organic nitrates on levels of relaxation and cyclic nucleotide of canine coronary artery with and without endothelial injury.

We studied the effects of organic nitrates and human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (hANP) on relaxation and tissue cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels using isolated canine coronary arteries with and without endothelial injury. Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), and hANP relaxed both the injured and control coronary arteries, and they increased tissue cGMP levels in a dose-dependent fashion without changing tissue adenosine 3':5'-cyclic phosphate (cAMP) levels. The extent of relaxation was larger and the increase in cGMP was greater in the injured coronary artery than in the control artery. Methylene blue inhibited relaxation induced by GTN and hANP, and decreased tissue cGMP levels in both the injured and control groups. M&B 22,948 enhanced relaxation induced by GTN and hANP and increased tissue cGMP levels in both groups. The results suggest that organic nitrates and hANP relax the coronary artery by directly activating the guanylate cyclase in coronary smooth muscle and that such activation is independent of the endothelium-dependent vasodilator system.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effects of a new thromboxane A2-antagonist (ONO-3708) and a new leukotriene-antagonist (ONO-1078) on thromboxane A2 analogue-, leukotriene C4-, and D4-induced regional myocardial blood flow reduction.

Effects of the administration of a thromboxane A2 (TXA2) analogue (STA2), a leukotriene C4 (LTC4), and a leukotriene D4 (LTD4) on regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) and hemodynamics were studied in anesthetized, open-chest dogs. The blocking ability of a recently synthesized TXA2 selective antagonist, ONO-3708, and a peptidoleukotriene-selective antagonist, ONO-1078, was also investigated. RMBF was measured continuously in three areas: the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) area, the circumflex artery (Cx) area, and the area between LAD and Cx. STA2, LTC4, and LTD4 caused a significant dose-dependent reduction of the RMBF in the LAD area. The peak percentage decrease in RMBF followed by a 10 micrograms dose of STA2, 1 micrograms dose of LTC4, and 1 micrograms dose of LTD4 is 38.6% +/- 3.0%, 39.0% +/- 3.1%, and 36.2% +/- 2.4%, respectively. ED50 for the action of LTC4, LTD4, and STA2 on RMBF is 3, 3, and 50 micrograms, respectively. Pretreatment with the newly developed TXA2 antagonist, ONO-3708 (1 micrograms/kg/min for 10 min), completely inhibited the RMBF reduction induced by STA2 (10 micrograms). Pretreatment with the peptidoleukotriene antagonist, ONO-1078 (1 mg), inhibited the RMBF reduction induced by LTC4 or LTD4 (0.3-3 micrograms). Following pretreatment with a 1 mg dose of ONO-1078, the peak percentage decrease of RMBF caused by a 1 micrograms dose of LTC4 and LTD4 was reduced to 21.1% +/- 2.3% and 19.8% +/- 3.1%, respectively. However, the LTC4 (1 micrograms)-induced reduction of the RMBF was not affected by pretreatment with a TXA2 antagonist, ONO-3708, or an inhibitor of the endogenous production of TXA2, OKY-046.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Endoscopic ultrasonography of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Endoscopic ultrasonography was used for assessment of the extent of tumour invasion of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including analysis of submucosal tumour and detection of lymph-node metastasis. The normal oesophageal and gastric wall was depicted as five layers by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). The outer layer invaded by cancer was defined as the depth of tumour invasion. In 173 cases of oesophageal cancer, the depth of cancer invasion was diagnosed correctly in 88%. In 146 cases of gastric cancer, it was diagnosed correctly in 79%. In submucosal tumours of the GI tract, the site of tumour in the wall was diagnosed correctly in 99% and the histological type of tumour was predicted. EUS can also be used to detect small lymph nodes. According to the criteria, used in this study, EUS had a sensitivity of 84%, a specificity of 88% and an overall accuracy of 88% for detection of lymph-node metastases.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Quantitation of 1,2-diacylglycerol in rat heart by iatroscan TLC/FID.

1,2-Diacylglycerol, which has been recognized as one of the intracellular second messengers, was measured quantitatively in the lipid extract from rat hearts using the thin layer chromatography and flame ionization detection (TLC/FID) method. Cholesterol acetate was added to the tissue as an internal standard, and the crude lipids from the tissue were purified with silicic acid column to eliminate phospholipids. Development of Chromarods was carried out using two solvent systems and a three-step development technique. The relationship of the peak area ratio detected by flame ionization detector to weight ratio was linear compared with cholesteryl acetate. The 1,2-diacylglycerol content in the rat heart in the unstimulated condition was 72.5 +/- 15.3 ng/mg wet wt (mean +/- SD).

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Increased 1,2-diacylglycerol content in myopathic hamster hearts at a prenecrotic stage.

1,2-Diacylglycerol (DAG) has been suggested to be a secondary messenger. In this study, we determined the amount of 1,2-DAG in heart tissue from Syrian hamsters with hereditary cardiomyopathy at 30 days (prenecrotic stage) and 90 days of age by thin-layer chromatography with flame ionization detection (TLC-FID). Myocardial triglyceride contents were higher at 30 days of age and lower at 90 days of age compared to the levels in age-matched normal hamsters. Decreases in major species of phospholipids in hearts were observed only at 90 days of age. However, elevated 1,2-DAG content in myopathic hearts was found at 30 days of age, whereas there was no difference between the two groups at 90 days of age. It is suggested that the increase in 1,2-DAG at the prenecrotic stage is involved in the pathogenesis of the cardiomyopathy.

Animals↗