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Biomedical subjects

H Hashimoto

Publications and source records attributed to H Hashimoto.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Galactosylation of cyclodextrins and branched cyclodextrins by alpha-galactosidases.

Transgalactosylated derivatives of cyclodextrins (CDs) and glucosyl and maltosyl CDs (G1- and G2-CDs) were synthesized by alpha-galactosidases from coffee bean and Mortierella vinacea (M. vinacea). The structures of the transfer products were analyzed by FAB-mass, 13C-NMR and methylation. Coffee bean alpha-galactosidase transferred a galactosyl residue not only to side chains of G1-CDs and G2-CDs, but also directly to CD rings. M. vinacea alpha-galactosidase transferred a galactosyl residue only to side chains of G2-CDs.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Impaired interleukin-8-dependent chemotaxis by synovial fluid polymorphonuclear leukocytes in rheumatoid arthritis.

The accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in synovial fluid is a common feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We studied the chemotactic response of PMN obtained from the synovial fluid and from the peripheral blood of patients with RA using a modified Boyden's method, in which interleukin-8 (IL-8) or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) was used as a chemotactic agent. The IL-8-induced response of peripheral blood PMN from 15 patients with RA did not differ from that of 15 healthy controls. A decreased chemotactic response to IL-8 was, however, observed in PMN from the synovial fluid of 12 patients with RA compared with peripheral blood cells of the same individual. This defective chemotactic ability of PMN was inversely correlated with the number of infiltrating cells in the synovial fluid. We also obtained similar results with FMLP. These results indicate that the chemotactic ability of PMN may be reduced after migrating to the synovial fluid.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Primary Ewing's sarcoma of the occipital bone--case report.

A 12-year-old boy presented with primary Ewing's sarcoma of the occipital bone manifesting as intermittent high fever and local pain in the occipital region. Plain skull x-ray films disclosed an unclear lytic lesion in the occipital bone. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the irregularly enhanced mass. The tumor was removed totally. He received intensive chemotherapy and radiation therapy postoperatively. No recurrence or metastasis has been noted, and he was in good condition 18 months after the operation.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1994

Experimental study of the mechanism of seizure induction: changes in the concentrations of excitatory amino acids in the epileptic focus of the cat amygdaloid kindling model.

L-glutamate (Glu) and L-aspartate (Asp) are two major excitatory amino acids that may be involved in seizure susceptibility and seizure induction. The concentrations of Glu and Asp were measured by microdialysis in the epileptic focus in a cat amygdaloid kindling model. Sequential changes in Glu and Asp (before, during, and after seizure) were measured in the partial seizure (S4) and generalized seizure (S6) groups. By stimulation at and 50 microA below the partial seizure-triggering threshold in the S4 group and the generalized seizure-triggering threshold in the S6 group, Glu was released from the epileptic focus in the S4 group, and both Glu and Asp were released in the S6 group after seizure and stimulation (below threshold), and the amount of Glu and/or Asp release determined seizure induction. Excitatory amino acids may be the trigger of seizure induction in the cat amygdaloid kindling model.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1994

HLA antigens in Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

To determine the association of HLA antigens with SLE and the clinical findings of the disease, HLA antigens were tested in 58 Japanese patients with SLE, who fulfilled the ARA diagnostic criteria, along with 97 normal controls. HLA class I and II antigens were typed serologically using the antisera provided by the 11th HLA Workshop. Among the HLA class II antigens, further DRB, DQ and DP alleles were defined by DNA typing using the PCR/SSOP method. There were significantly more SLE patients with HLA-B39, DRB1*1501, DRB5*0101 and DQB1*0602 than normal controls. This result suggested that the haplotype of HLA-DRB1*1501-DRB5*0101-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602 consists of the SLE-associated MHC markers in Japan. There were some positive and negative associations between the HLA antigens and clinical or serological findings in SLE. There is a possibility that some HLA alleles might be related to the clinical and/or serological subsets of SLE.

Alleles↗
PubMed1994

[Changes in surgical treatment of peptic ulcer in the elderly by H2-blockers].

It has common knowledge that the advent of H2-blockers has radically changed the treatment of peptic ulcer. We reviewed 26,667 endoscopic examinations, 5,800 consecutive autopsies and 134 consecutive patients operated for peptic ulcer over an 18-year period to evaluate the effects of H2-blockers on the treatment of peptic ulcer in the elderly (> or = 60 years of age). The number of operations for peptic ulcer in the elderly markedly declined after H2-blocker therapy was introduced. This is mainly due to decreased operative indications for gastric bleeding as a result of conservative treatment. However, the incidence of perforating ulcers has hardly changed even after the introduction of H2-blockers. More than 90% of these cases were non-diagnosed or non-treated ulcers and 50% of them were NSAID- or steroid-treated, which is characteristic in the elderly. We conclude that patients to be treated by anti-inflammatory drugs should be screened by endoscopy, and should be given anti-ulcer drugs prophylactically if necessary.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Prognostic factors influencing survival after operations for gastric cancer in the elderly].

The prognostic factors influencing survival after operations for gastric cancer in the elderly were evaluated by Cox's proportional hazards model analysis. Data were obtained from 511 operations over a 10-year period, in patients with a mean age of 75.6 +/- 7.9 years. The significant prognostic factors of survival out of 47 examined risk factors were, in order of standardized coefficient values, (1) stage of cancer, (2) %IBW, (3) peritoneal dissemination (P-factor), (4) multiple non-gastric cancers, (5) postoperative hepatic injury and (6) postoperative cardiac complication. No other factors, including preoperative associated diseases and postoperative pulmonary complication (the major risk factor of operative death), were significant risk factors of survival. We conclude that by giving special postoperative attention to prevent hepatic injury and cardiac complication, the length of survival of elderly patients with gastric cancer will improve.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Postoperative delirium and abnormal behaviour related with preoperative quality of life in elderly patients].

Postoperative delirium and abnormal behavior were studied in 160 patients aged 60 and over with relation to their QOL assessed before surgical operation. QOL was assessed physically, psychologically, mentally and socially. Physical status was assessed with ability in daily life, seeing, hearing and severity of disease. Psychological condition (depression) was assessed by using GDS (Geriatric Depression Scale of Sheikh), Mentality (dementia) was assessed by using CDR (Clinical Dementia Rating) and HDS-R (Revised version of Hasegawa's dementia Scale). Sociality was assessed by social life and familial environment. Postoperatively 37.1% of males and 28.9% of females developed delirium and abnormal behaviour. Abnormal behaviour of demented patients was not defined as due to delirium or as dementia itself, so it was included in the classification "delirium and abnormal behaviour" because of the same aspect in terms of practical nursing care. The following factors were found to be statistically related to the occurrence of postoperative delirium and abnormal behaviour: disability in daily life, dementia, disturbance of hearing. Scores of HDS-R was closely related with the possibility of postoperative delirium and abnormal behaviour.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1994

Recurrence of ICA-PCoA aneurysms after neck clipping.

Between 1975 and 1992, 2211 patients underwent aneurysmal neck clipping at the Nara Medical University clinic and associated hospitals. The aneurysm in 931 of these patients was situated at the junction of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and posterior communicating artery (PCoA). Seven patients were readmitted 4 to 17 years after the first surgery because of regrowth and rupture of an ICA-PCoA aneurysmal sac that had arisen from the residual neck. On angiograms obtained following aneurysmal neck clipping, a large primitive type of PCoA was demonstrated in six patients and a small PCoA in one. A small residual aneurysm was confirmed in only two patients and angiographically complete neck clipping in five. Recurrent ICA-PCoA aneurysms were separated into two types based on the position of the old clip in relation to the new growth. Type 1 aneurysms regrow from the entire neck and balloon eccentrically. In this type, it is possible to apply the clip at the neck as in conventional clipping for a ruptured aneurysm. Type 2 includes aneurysms in which the proximal portion of a previous clip is situated at the corner of the ICA and aneurysmal neck and the distal portion on the enlarged dome of the aneurysm, because the sac is regrowing from a portion of the residual neck. In this type of aneurysm, a Sugita fenestrated clip can occlude the residual neck, overriding the old clip. Classifying these aneurysms into two groups is very useful from a surgical point of view because it is possible to apply a new clip without removing the old clip, which was found to be adherent to surrounding tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Studies on enhancement of drug absorption through the bladder mucosa].

We examined the effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), hyaluronidase and saponin on drug absorption through the bladder mucosa. Female Wistar rats underwent intravesical instillation of each agent prior to the administration of lanthanum solution or anticancer drug; 4'-O-tetrahydropyranyldoxorubicin (THP). The absorption of lanthanum was recognized as dense grain in bladder tissue under electron microscope. The concentration of THP in bladder tissue and plasma was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The ultrastructural change caused by instillation of DMSO, hyaluronidase and saponin was also investigated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The electron microscopic study of the bladder treated with DMSO revealed the exfoliation of superficial cells, and the electron-dense grains of lanthanum were observed in submucosal layer. The concentration of THP was twice as high as that of untreated animals in both bladder tissue and plasma. The treatment with hyaluronidase caused no severe histological change of bladder mucosa, and lanthanum was observed only in the cytoplasma of superficial cells. The increased concentration of THP was slightly exhibited in plasma but not in bladder tissue. The treatment with saponin caused vacuolization and swelling of superficial cells, and many grains of lanthanum were observed between superficial cells and intermediate cells. The concentration of THP in bladder tissue was significantly higher than that of untreated animals, but in plasma no difference was revealed. These findings indicate that each three agent caused an unique effect on drug absorption of bladder mucosa and such characteristic of each agent must be considered for clinical application. Saponin is thought to be useful on intravesical chemotherapy because of increased concentration of anticancer drug (THP) in bladder tissue without that in plasma.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Nationwide investigation in Japan on the efficacy of arbekacin in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.

A clinical investigation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections to study the efficacy of arbekacin (ABK) was carried out by the MRSA Forum composed of 18 groups from 115 institutions in Japan. 348 patients (237 male, 111 female) were evaluated. All had infectious diseases clearly related to MRSA. 74 patients were treated with ABK alone and 274 with ABK in combination with other compounds. Most of them (94.6%/96.4%) had primary disease and suffered from pneumonia (38/175), sepsis (6/35) and other infections (30/64). Pure infection by MRSA was noted in 41/159 and polymicrobial infection with MRSA in 33/115. 53.6%/56.4% of MRSA was eradicated; bacteriological clinical efficacy was 75.6%/67.9% in pure infection and 63.6%/71.3% in polymicrobial infection. Clinical effect was obtained within three days in 70.3%/69.3% of total cases, 60.5%/72.0% in pneumonia and 90.0%/80.8% in the patients pretreated with other drugs, respectively. Efficacy ratio was shown to be 78.6%/71.4% in 30 min and 63.2%/66.4% in 60 min. Adverse effects were seen in 4.76%/5.70%, including renal function disorder (2/11), but no case was serious. Abnormal laboratory findings were noted in 15.4% of cases. ABK is effective against MRSA infection. Concurrent treatment with ABK and other drugs is effective in refractory infection.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Thoracic outlet syndrome due to first rib anomaly: a case report].

Compared to cervical rib, first rib anomaly is less familiar to us as a cause of thoracic outlet syndrome. We report a case of thoracic outlet syndrome due to first rib anomaly. A 50-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of right arm pain when his arm was raised up. Chest X-ray showed an abnormal right first rib which made a J-shaped curve and was attached to the second rib. A palpable mass was noted in the supraclavicular region. Angiography revealed complete occlusion of the right subclavian artery in the Allen test position. During conservative therapy for two months, the symptom was gradually getting worse. We performed resection of the right first rib and anterior scalenotomy by the supraclavicular approach. The patient made a good recovery after the surgery. Postoperative angiogram showed no stenotic lesion of the right subclavian artery. If a patient has complaints suggesting compression of the subclavian neurovascular bundle, we should be careful not to overlook the first rib anomaly on chest X-ray.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Modulation of tumor immunogenicity of rat glioma cells by s-Myc expression: eradication of rat gliomas in vivo.

The Myc family proteins represented by c-Myc are thought to play a crucial role in cellular proliferation, differentiation, transformation, and apoptosis. In this study, we demonstrated the novel role for a Myc family protein in elicitation of immunogenic phenotypes in tumor cells. Injection of rat 9L or C6 glioma cells, together with the s-myc gene linked to the cytomegalovirus promoter, completely prevented formation of both brain tumors and s.c. tumors derived from the parental glioma cells. However, introduction of the s-myc gene had no inhibitory effect on development of B104-derived neuroblastoma. In addition, unlike the s-myc gene, injection of the c-myc or wild type p53 (wt-p53) gene together with glioma cells did not modulate the tumor immunogenicity and resulted in formation of gliomas in the animals. These findings suggest that s-Myc expression may stimulate the presentation of a tumor antigen common to 9L and C6 cells to T lymphocytes and augment the activity of the host immune system, resulting in prevention of glioma formation in vivo. This success in tumor eradication indicates the possibility of application of the s-myc gene for gene therapy of human brain tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Neuroleptanesthesia for a patient with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy].

This report describes a patient with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy who underwent an ophthalmic surgery under original neuroleptanesthesia. This 28-year-old female patient had been suffering from bilateral external ophthalmoplegia and blepharoptosis. Her preoperative neurological examination revealed a mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Biopsy and blepharo-elevation for her left eyelid were scheduled. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental 5 mg.kg-1 and vecuronium 0.07 mg.kg-1, and maintained with total doses of 10 mg of droperidol, 400 micrograms of fentanyl and 4 mg of vecuronium. The patient recovered from anesthesia smoothly and her postoperative course was uneventful. Anesthetic management of patients with this disease and possible complications were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Vascular involvements in systemic lupus erythematosus].

It is an established fact that systemic vasculitis can occur during the course of SLE as well as other rheumatic diseases. The principal disorders of SLE are found to be associated with small arteries. However, clinical evidence of arterial disease in SLE patients varies considerably from patient to patient. Clinical manifestations of lupus vasculopathy including vasculitis and microangiopathy were described. Regarding systemic vascular lesions in SLE, the prognosis for the patients with thrombosis and vascular involvement of medium-sized arteries was the most grave. Treatments including steroids, immunosuppressants, plasmapheresis, anticoagulants, etc. are used according to causative factors which result in lupus vasculopathy.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

[A clinical study of total cystectomy for patients with bladder cancer].

We assessed the treatment outcome of total cystectomy for 67 patients with bladder cancer treated at Asahikawa Medical College Hospital between 1977 and 1991. The analyses of cause-specific 5-year survival rates by pathological stage (pT) and grade revealed a lower survival rate for higher stage, higher grade and non-transitional cell carcinomas. The condition of lymph node metastases (pN) was also correlated to the survival rate. Significant differences were observed between the survival rates of the patients with pT < or = 2 and pT > or = 3, and the patients with pNO and pN > or = 2. The cancer deaths were mainly caused by distant metastases. Preoperative irradiation showed prognostic advantage in the patients who had acquired down-staging by this treatment, and postoperative systemic chemotherapy also improved the prognosis in the patients with pT > or = 3.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[A case of minocycline-induced pneumonitis with bronchial asthma].

We report a case of minocycline-induced pneumonitis. A 30-year-old woman was treated with minocycline for mycoplasma pneumonia of the right upper lobe. About 15 days after starting treatment, she developed a productive cough, stridor, and dyspnea. The chest X-ray film showed pulmonary infiltration in the left middle lung field. Based on the clinical history and the detection of eosinophilia in the bronchoalveolar fluid, drug-induced pneumonitis was suspected. Treatment with minocycline was discontinued and prednisolone (20 mg/day) was started, after which her symptoms subsided and there was marked regression of the pulmonary infiltrates on chest X-ray films. The lymphocyte stimulation test for minocycline was negative, but the diagnosis was confirmed by a positive oral provocation test.

Adult↗