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Biomedical subjects

H Hart

Publications and source records attributed to H Hart.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Continuities of common behaviour problems in preschool children.

This paper describes the prevalence of behaviour problems in 2 populations of preschool children in London, and the continuities over time of common problems. Night waking was the most common problem under the age of 2, being reported in 21% of 1-year-olds. Just under half of these night wakers were still waking at 18 months, and from 18 months to 2 years just over half the children continued waking The continuities of feeding problems were stronger after the age of 2 years, with poor appetite being reported to persist more than food fads. Over 2 years the most common problem reported was temper tantrums, and 45% of the children having frequent tantrums at 2 years were still having frequent tantrums at 3 years. The implications for services and the need for intervention studies are discussed.

Child Behavior Disorders↗
PubMed1984

Possible use of monoclonal antibodies to standardize the production and use of human urokinase.

Urokinase, a plasminogen activator found in urine is used in the treatment of pulmonary embolism, and is supplied commercially by several companies in Europe, U.S.A. and Japan. It exists in two forms, of molecular weights 50-55 000 and 33 000 daltons, which may differ in their therapeutic efficiency. A variety of assay systems exist to measure plasminogen activator activity--clot lysis, casein hydrolysis, amidolytic cleavage of synthetic peptide substrates. These assays are time-consuming, relatively insensitive, and cannot accurately assess the amount of the two molecular species in any preparation of urokinase. Standardization therefore presents a problem to manufacturers, control agencies, and clinicians. We have prepared a variety of monoclonal antibodies to human urokinase and have assessed their value as standardizing different commercial preparations of urokinase and measurement of urokinase for therapeutic monitoring.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1983

The behaviour, development, and health of the young child: implications for care.

Children with recurrent physical illnesses such as infections of the ears and chest are more likely than average to have developmental and behavioural disorders as well. Specialist skills are needed for the assessment and management of these disorders; the belief that "the child will grow out of it" is rarely correct. Any reorganisation of the child health services should take account of the need for children with developmental and behavioural disorders to be treated within the community by doctors and other health workers with the appropriate skills.

Child Behavior Disorders↗
PubMed1982

Lack of association of cytomegalovirus with adenocarcinoma of the colon.

Tumor specimens from patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum were examined for the presence of cytomegalovirus (CMV), and specimens of normal mucosa from the same patients were studied in parallel. Frozen sections of 14 specimens were made and the presence of CMV mRNA assayed by in situ hybridisation using 3H-labelled CMV-DNA as a probe. Nine of these sections were also tested for cytomegalovirus antigens by immunofluorescence. No viral nucleic acids or antigens were detected. In addition to these direct approaches, the specimens were disaggregated and 19 were successfully cultured in various media over several months without yielding virus on any occasion. Areas containing epithelial cells were found in some cultures, foci of bipolar cells in others, while, in several, fibroblastic cells predominated. To ensure that any virus-containing cells were not lost by this method, the disaggregated tumour and normal intestinal cells were directly co-cultivated and also fused with human embryo lung cells, which are permissive for cytomegalovirus replication. The resulting cultures were examined over two to three months for the presence of cytomegalovirus, and in no instance was virus found, despite attempted induction by iododeoxyuridine. Two fusion cultures became contaminated with cytomegalovirus, strain AD-169, which was being handled in the laboratory at the same time. The strain was identified by the pattern of viral DNA fragments produced by restriction endonuclease cleavage. Thus the accidental passage of virus in the heterokaryons did not alter its DNA and would further indicate the absence of any cytomegalovirus genomes in the adenocarcinoma cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Lack of association of cytomegalovirus antibody level with carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Serum samples were collected from 199 patients attending a gynaecological clinic, colposcopy specimens being taken at the same time for routine pathology of paraffin sections which ranged from normal, through the degrees of dysplasia to carcinoma in situ. Other parameters noted were age, number of pregnancies and time since last pregnancy. When level of antibody to cytomegalovirus in each serum sample was tested by ELISA, anti-complement immunofluorescence and neutralisation, no correlation was found between antibody titre and pathological diagnosis. The only interdependence seen was that, as the age of the patients increased, so did the frequency of sero-positivity to cytomegalovirus. Also in the group studied the frequency of carcinoma in situ was not age dependent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Association of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) with mink and rabbit lung cells.

The association of human cytomegalovirus with mink and rabbit lung cells was studied. Strain AD-169 was used which was free of Mycoplasma and other contaminating agents. It was found to be incapable of productively infecting mink lung cells. Infection appeared to be initiated but aborted at an early stage. This was indicated by indirect immunofluorescence, assays of culture supernatants and cell lysates for infectious virus, electron microscopy of ultra-thin sections of infected cells, labelling of virus and viral DNA with 3H-thymidine and assay of virally-induced DNA polymerase at various times after infection. On the other hand, using these methods. AD-169 was found to infect rabbit lung cells, the virus being produced in low amounts over a period of up to one month after infection. At this time, focal areas of infection were still apparent and 15 per cent of the cells expressed nuclear viral antigens as shown by immunofluorescence. The viral genome was assumed to have become latent in some rabbit cells with a few being capable of producing infectious virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Use of the child health clinic.

Attendance at child health clinics in two areas of London, north Westminster and south Camden, is described. Routine examinations were attended by 97% of children although such visits accounted for only one-third of attendances. There were more non-routine visits than have been reported in most other studies--about 14 visits in Westminster and 12 in Camden during the first year. Over half the mothers sought advice on a wide variety of medical, developmental, and behavioural problems.

Child Health Services↗
PubMed1981

Growth in culture of adenocarcinoma cells from the small intestine of sheep.

Explant cultures were initiated from adenocarcinoma of the small intestine in sheep and from various metastases. Several cell types grew, most being fibroblastic in nature. However, 2 cultures yielded mixed cells which arranged themselves into areas of epithelial-like cells surrounded by fibroblast-like cells and this pattern was consistent over 30 subcultures and several months of culturing. The epithelial-like cells were separated from the others by the use of a modified medium containing citrulline or by sedimentation through a bovine serum albumin solution. Various properties, including their growth rate in 5% and 0.5% serum, the absence of surface fibronectin and their ability to grow in semi-solid agar, indicated that they may represent carcinoma cells. Screening for virus production from these cells and all other explant cultures proved negative.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Pattern of development of ascending and descending fibers in embryonic spinal cord of chick: I. Role of position information.

Previous studies on the rigid time and position pattern of embryonic spinal cord development are extended to include the pattern of growth of axonal processes. This study was designed to analyze the position of axons in the marginal zone as they course (fasciculate) in the ascending and descending direction from a single spinal segment. Injections of 3H-proline were made into L1 or T6 of chick embryos of stages 21--29 (3.5--6 days of incubation). The location of radioactive label in the marginal zone was analyzed autoradiographically to show the location of labeled axons originating from the injected segment. In the early stages of development (stage 21), the labeled descending axons were located in the most ventromedial aspect of the marginal zone. The labeled ascending axons were located more laterally and to the perimeter of this zone. In stages 27--29, the labeled axons near the site of injection were located in the inner two-thirds of the marginal zone, and in the progressively more rostral levels the label shifted laterally and to the perimeter in a laminar pattern. It was concluded that the labeled ascending axons from an individual spinal segment layer upon the axons which originate from the more rostral segments. How this rigid time and position pattern of axonal growth can impart a topographic order into fiber tracts of the spinal cord was discussed.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1980

Pattern of development of ascending and descending fibers in embryonic spinal cord of chick: II. A correlation with behavioral studies.

Studies on the embryonic spinal cord were extended to include the development of the ascending and descending fibers from the brachial level. This study was designed to correlate morphological development of the intersegmental system with physiological and behavioral observations of early embryonic behavior. Chick embryos were analyzed prior to day 6 of incubation, which is before closure of the reflex arc and arrival of supraspinal inputs to the embryonic spinal cord. Injections of 3H-proline were made in the upper brachial level of chick embryos of stages 27--29 (5--6 days). The location of radioactive label in the marginal zone was analyzed autoradiographically to show the projection of labeled axonal flow from the site of injection. The majority of the labeled axons in the marginal zone was in the first 2--3 segments in both ascending and descending directions from the site of injection. By stage 27 (day 5), ascending labeled axons extended to the upper cervical level and labeled descending axons extended only about 4--5 segments to the upper thoracic level. By stage 29 (day 6) labeled ascending axons extended into the medulla oblongata, and labeled descending axons still extended only 4--5 segments caudally. These studies (Parts I and II) show that at stage 27 (day 5) there was considerable axoplasmic flow of radioactive label in the marginal zone from the lumbar to the brachial plexus but not in the opposite direction from the brachial to the lumbar plexus. Also, axoplasmic flow of label initially extended from the brachial plexus to the medulla oblongata sometime between stages 27--29. It was concluded that the intersegmental system of the embryonic spinal cord is well developed by day 6 of incubation and provides the neuro-anatomical substrate for early embryonic behavior.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1980

Search for viruses in rheumatoid macrophage-rich synovial cell populations.

The adherent cells remaining after short-term culture of synovial fluid and synovial membrane cells from rheumatoid and non-rheumatoid patients were examined for the presence of a productive virus infection and for various viral antigens. Labelling was carried out with 3H-thymidine and 3H-uridine followed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation of the culture supernatant. Only in 1 case was there incorporation of 3H-uridine into material of density 1 . 21 g/cm3. Viral antigens were tested for by indirect immunofluorescence with antisera to rubella virus, the retroviruses RD-114 and simian sarcoma associated virus, early adenovirus type 2 antigens, late adenovirus type 2 antigens, SV-40 T antigen, and in 1 case measles virus. No cell showed immunofluorescence with any antiserum except the early adenovirus type 2 antiserum, which stained the cytoplasm of about half the synovial cell cultures, some from rheumatoid and some from non-rheumatoid patients.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1980

Assessment of speech and language development in the young child.

A clinical method of assessing speech and language development in preschool children is described. Sixty-two 3-year-old children were assessed by a pediatrician, a speech therapist, and a psychologist. In 55 children there was agreement between all three examiners. Three children with articulation problems were rated as having normal comprehensive and expressive language by the psychologist. Three children were rated as having normal speech and language development by the pediatrician and speech therapist but delayed by the psychologist; all three had behavior problems. One further child rated as having a speech and language problem by the pediatrician was rated as normal by the speech therapist and psychologist. It is concluded that pediatricians can make reliable assessments of speech and language development.

Child, Preschool↗