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Biomedical subjects

H Handa

Publications and source records attributed to H Handa.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Intolerable pulse-synchronous tinnitus caused by occlusion of the contralateral common carotid artery. A successful treatment by aorto-carotid bypass surgery.

A case with severe pulsatile tinnitus of the left side caused by occlusion of the right common carotid artery was reported. Tinnitus in this case was supposed to be due to the rich blood flow of the external carotid systems developed as collateral routes resulting from the occlusion of the right common carotid artery. It subsided with the establishment of a bypass using a vein graft between the ascending aorta and the residual patent portion of the right common carotid artery.

Aorta↗
PubMed1989

Clinical study of OKY-046, a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, in prevention of cerebral vasospasms and delayed cerebral ischaemic symptoms after subarachnoid haemorrhage due to aneurysmal rupture: a randomized double-blind study.

A double-blind study was conducted at 48 neurosurgical services in Japan to investigate the usefulness of OKY-046, an imidazole derivative and a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, on cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischaemic symptoms in patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms. OKY-046 was administered in two daily doses of 80 mg (L group) and 400 mg (H group), and compared with a group given a placebo (P group). The following results were obtained: the occurrence of cerebral vasospasm was significantly lower in the L group than in the P group; the development of low density area (LD) in CTs was significantly lower in both the L and H groups than in the P group; motor paralysis in the L group improved significantly sooner, and that in the H group tended to improve sooner than that in the P group; in subjects with severe vasospasm, the incidence of LD was significantly lower, with better functional prognosis, in the L group than in the P group; in subjects with severe grades on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Japan Coma Scale (JCS) or High Density (HD) Score the functional prognosis at 1 month after the aneurysmal rupture was significantly better in the L group than in the P group, though no significant differences were seen in the overall investigation; there were no significant differences among the three groups in the development of either laboratory-determined abnormality or of adverse reactions. It is thus concluded that OKY-046 is clinically useful at a dose of 80 mg/d for cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischaemic symptoms after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) caused by aneurysmal rupture.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1989

[Orthodontic approach to temporomandibular arthrosis. A case report of medial displacement of the articular disk].

This clinical report presents orthodontic applications of double contrast arthrotomography and arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint. We examined a case of mandibular shift with stomatognathic dysfunction using these techniques, and found medial displacement of the articular disk. Generally, displacement of the articular disk is examined only from sagittal section. However, this case indicates that frontal section of double contrast arthrotomography is necessary for the three dimensional understanding of the TMJ. Mandibular position with disk reduction was obtained by double contrast arthrogram, and medial displacement of the disk and malocclusion were treated by dynamic positioner. It is suggested that orthodontic treatment is an effective method both for treatment of internal derangement of the TMJ and also for the final reconstruction of occlusion.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMed1989

[Cerebral hemodynamics and functional prognosis in hydrocephalus].

The functional outcome of cerebral hemodynamics in the chronic stage of juvenile hydrocephalus was determined using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Five patients including three with aqueductal stenosis, one with post-meningitic hydrocephalus, and one case with hydrocephalus having developed after repair of a huge occipital encephalocele. Early images of cerebral blood flow (CBF) were obtained 25 minutes after intravenous injection of 123-I-Iodoamphetamine (IMP), and late images were scanned 3 hours later. Cerebral blood volume (CBV) was also measured using 99mTc in three patients. Twenty cases with adult communicating hydrocephalus were also investigated from the point of view of shunt effectiveness. Although there was no remarkable change in the cerebrovascular bed in the juvenile cases, CBF of the remnant brain parenchyma was good irrespective of the degree of ventricular dilatation. There was a periventricular-reduced IMP uptake in each case, however it somehow matched the ventricular span. Functional outcome one to 23 years after the initial shunt operation was good in every case, despite multiple shunt revisions. Redistribution on late images had no bearing on clinical states. In adult cases, 8 patients with effective shunting demonstrated a relatively localized periventricular low perfusion, with preoperative increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. On the contrary, 12 patients with no improvement with or without shunting showed disproportionately widespread periventricular-reduced IMP uptake, despite low CSF pressure. The present study indicates that periventricular hemodynamics may play an important role in cerebral function compromised by hydrocephalus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

In vivo effects of vitamin E on peritoneal macrophages and T-kininogen level in rats.

In order to clarify the modulating effect on macrophages by vitamin E, we investigated the in vivo effects of vitamin E on the peritoneal macrophages and T-kininogen level in rats. Peritoneal injections of vitamin E for 6 successive days resulted in a significant increase of leucocytes, mostly consisting of macrophages, in the peritoneal cavity. Namely, in the case of 5 mg vitamin E per rat (400 g body weight), the number of leucocytes in the peritoneal cavity and T-kininogen level in plasma showed 171.57 +/- 15.96 X 10(6) per rat and 1372 +/- 364 micrograms/ml, whereas the placebo vehicle was 28.54 +/- 8.24 X 10(6) and 315 +/- 130, respectively. Macrophages, in which alpha-tocopherol contained approximately 158.2 ng/10(6) cells after exogenous vitamin E treatment, showed less acid phosphatase activity and less O2- generation than that treated with placebo vehicle. In contrast, the acid phosphatase activity of cellfree peritoneal exudate fluid with vitamin E increased approximately two to three-fold as compared to the placebo vehicle. From these results, we discussed the relationship between in vivo effects of vitamin E on peritoneal macrophages and T-kininogen induction.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

[Factors responsible for prognosis of chronic subdural hematomas].

239 adult patients with chronic subdural hematoma were reviewed in order to analyse recent characteristics, and the responsible factors affecting functional prognosis. Patients with hygroma, diagnosed by the nature of the subdural fluid, were included since the mode of treatment is regarded as the same. 226 cases were surgically treated with standardized two burr-holes and irrigation, within which 24 cases required reoperation and 13 cases were medically treated since the hematoma was small and there was no mass effect. Functional outcome was evaluated by the Glasgow Outcome Scale. The number of cases have gradually increased, especially among elderly patients and in female ones. 179 patients were categorised as having good recovery, 25 as moderately disabled, 27 as severely disabled, 3 as persistently vegetative, and 5 patients died. Aged patients with preoperative mental change and a disturbance of consciousness, with low dense or mixed dense hematoma without sizable mass effect, with watery-clear or xanthochromic fluid cavity tended to have poorer outcome. Also the prognosis of patients not operated on was poor despite the spontaneous disappearance of the cavity. The delay in re-expansion of the brain had less bearing on the functional prognosis than might be expected. The factors which impeded good recovery were primary brain damage due to preceding diseases such as cerebral infarct or hemorrhage, initial head injury, parkinsonism, and postoperative psychiatric disturbances. The mean age of these patients was significantly higher than those with good recovery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Sigma region located between C mu and C delta genes of human immunoglobulin heavy chain: possible involvement of tRNA-like structure in RNA splicing.

Noncoding regions within the cluster of immunoglobulin heavy chain constant genes in the human genome contained a number of repeats. In the mu-delta intron, two repeating units were contained. One 442-base-long fragment located JH-mu intron (defined as "sigma mu(sigma mu)") occupied the position in the mu-delta intron. The other 1166-base-long fragment located somewhere in front of S (class switch) region of C gamma gene was also found in the mu-delta intron. We defined the repeats in the mu-delta intron as "SIGMA (sigma)". The polarities of the longer repeats in the genome were opposite between the mu-delta intron and the upstreams of C gamma genes. These inverted copies (defined as sigma gamma 3 and sigma gamma 4), located 6 kb upstream of their respective C gamma's, were apparently transcribed in vitro, via RNA polymerase III and transcripts should have contained tRNA-like structures. Small DNA fragments capable of encoding tRNA-like structures were also found in corresponding regions of mouse Ig C gamma cluster.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Immunoregulatory effects of interleukin 2 and interferon on syngeneic murine malignant glioma-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes.

The effects of interleukin 2 (IL2) and interferon (IFN) on the generation and lytic activation of syngeneic murine malignant glioma (a methylcholanthrene-induced ependymoblastoma of C57BL/6 mouse origin, 203-glioma)-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (G-CTL) were investigated. The surface marker analysis showed that G-CTLs from both intracranial and s.c. tumor-bearing mice were composed of thymectomy-resistant (mature) Lyt-1-.2.3+ and thymectomy-sensitive (immature) Lyt-1+.2.3+ CTLs, which markedly decreased concurrently with increased intracranial pressure. G-CTLs were confirmed to be activated with target specificity by both factors in a different way. The CTL activation by IL2 (20 units/ml) remained for a longer time, although a lag time of 5 days after initial culture was required. IL2 influenced Lyt-1+.2.3+ CTLs to proliferate and develop the lytic potential. In contrast, even a 3-h incubation with IFN (1000 units/ml) could enhance the cytotoxicity, but the augmenting effects were observed no longer than 5 days later. IFN activated Lyt-1-.2.3+ CTLs and increased their proportion of the total cell population with a simultaneous decrease of Lyt-1+.2.3+ CTLs. Therefore, it was suggested that IL2 may provide a growth of CTL populations and that IFN can accelerate recruitment of new effectors, causing activation of the lytic process.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Identification of T-kinin-Leu(T-kinin-containing peptide) released from T-kininogen by cathepsin D of granulomatous tissues in rats.

Acid proteinases of granulomatous tissues in rats with carrageenin-induced inflammation released kinin from T-kininogen. By column chromatography on pepstatin-Sepharose 4B, two types of acid proteinase seems to be responsible for kinin release. One of the acid proteinase was identified as cathepsin D from SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western-blot analysis, using anti-rat liver cathepsin D IgG. Cathepsin D alone could not release T-kinin, but T-kinin-containing peptides. The T-kinin-containing peptides were separated into two peptides by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. From determination of its amino acid composition and its immunoreactivity toward anti-bradykinin antiserum, one of the T-kinin-containing peptides was identified as T-kinin-Leu.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1988

Diagnosis and treatment of pineal tumours. Kyoto University experience (1941-1984).

Our current policy for the treatment of pineal tumours is presented, based upon our experience of 139 cases of pineal tumours in a period of 44 years from 1941 through 1984. First of all, it should be emphasized that germinomas are extremely radiosensitive and are treated successfully by radiotherapy alone. Accordingly, the treatment of choice for germinomas would be radiotherapy without surgery, if the diagnosis could be made confidently by the modern armamentarium of investigations, including CT, cerebrospinal fluid cytology and serum level of tumour markers, such as alphafetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin. When the diagnosis of germinoma is suspected although not straightforward, CT is reexamined after a trial of diagnostic radiation of 20 Gy. If the tumour size has not been reduced at all, it is unlikely that the tumour is a germinoma and surgery should be considered for removal as well as establishment of the histological diagnosis.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

A specific domain of the adenovirus EIV promoter is necessary to maintain susceptibility of the integrated promoter to EIA transactivation.

We constructed a series of mutations that delete sequences in the promoter region of the early-region IV (EIV) promoter of adenovirus type 5. We fused these promoter mutations to the coding sequences of either the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase or the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene and tested the ability of a cotransfected EIa gene to stimulate EIV expression. All of the mutations tested were stimulated in these assays, implying that no specific sequence is required for stimulation. Two mutant promoters, deleted for either the TATA box or the region residing between -39 and -177 upstream from the cap site of EIV mRNA, did show a reduced level of stimulation by the EIa products. To assess the effects of the EIA gene products on expression from an EIV promoter integrated into the chromosome, we isolated CHO cell lines containing EIV-DHFR chimeric genes. After introduction of the EIa gene with a second selectable marker, expression from all mutant EIV-DHFR genes was increased. Surprisingly, one mutant promoter, deleted for sequences between -39 and -177, lost the ability to respond to the EIa region on passage of cells, although deletions in any part of the region still retained this ability. These results demonstrate that multiple elements residing between -39 and -177 in the EIV promoter are necessary to maintain susceptibility of the integrated promoter to regulation.

Acetyltransferases↗
PubMed1988

Identification of two transcription factors that bind to specific elements in the promoter of the adenovirus early-region 4.

Two kinds of trans-acting factors that regulate transcription from the promoter of the adenovirus early-region 4 (E4) have been identified by reconstituting nuclear extracts of HeLa cells. They were designated E4TF1 and E4TF3 for E4 transcription factors. These factors were responsible for efficient and accurate transcription in vitro from the E4 promoter, as were another transcription factor, designated E4TF2, and a crude fraction containing endogenous RNA polymerase II. E4TF1 stimulated transcription from the E4 promoter but not from the major late promoter or the E4 mutant promoter lacking the E4TF1-binding site. Footprint analysis of E4TF1 revealed that it binds to a specific region, residing between 132 and 152 base pairs upstream from the initiation site of the E4 mRNA. E4TF3 also regulated transcription from the E4 promoter. E4TF3 protected four ca. 20-base-pair regions in a DNase I footprinting assay. They were located around 40, 160, 230, and 260 base pairs upstream from the initiation site of E4 mRNA. Specific inhibition of E4 transcription was observed by addition of DNA fragments covering one of the E4TF1- and E4TF3-binding sites to in vitro transcription assays. These results suggest that both E4TF1 and E4TF3 regulate E4 transcription by binding to the specific upstream elements in the E4 promoter. These factors may be involved in the E1A transactivation of E4 transcription.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1988

Presynaptic and postsynaptic alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in human cerebral arteries and their alteration after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

The nature of alpha-adrenergic receptors in human cerebral arteries was characterized, and alteration of these receptors after subarachnoid hemorrhage was examined using a radioligand binding assay. Norepinephrine content of control arteries was also analyzed and compared with that of arteries after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Norepinephrine content in human cerebral arteries in cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage was about 5% of the control group. Specific binding of [3H]yohimbine, a selective alpha 2-antagonist, to cerebral arteries of the control group indicated two classes of binding sites: high-affinity sites with KD of 0.5 nM and Bmax of 18 fmol/mg protein and low-affinity sites with KD of 29 nM and Bmax of 248 fmol/mg protein. In cerebral arteries obtained from the subarachnoid hemorrhage group, [3H]yohimbine binding sites were of a single class with KD of 53 nM and Bmax of 456 fmol/mg protein. These results suggest that sympathetic denervation and subsequent alterations in alpha 2-adrenergic receptors occurred after subarachnoid hemorrhage in human cerebral arteries. These changes in sympathetic innervation to cerebral arteries were considered to be one of the antecedents of delayed vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Degradation of phospholipid molecular species during experimental cerebral ischemia in rats.

Previous investigators have shown that free fatty acids that accumulate during ischemia are an indicator of evolution in ischemic brain damage. Our study describes the temporal relations between free fatty acid accumulation and degradation of phospholipid molecular species after cerebral ischemia. Using the four-vessel occlusion model of adult Wistar rats, we analyzed quantitatively the cerebral phospholipid molecular species of diacyl phosphatidylcholine and diacyl phosphatidylethanolamine and released free fatty acids during ischemia. Total diacyl phosphatidylcholine molecular species decreased gradually but did not show any significant difference even at 60 minutes. By contrast, total diacyl phosphatidylethanolamine abruptly decreased after 5 minutes and continued to decrease significantly thereafter. Polyunsaturated molecular species showed a higher ratio of degradation than saturated and monounsaturated molecular species of either phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine. Total free fatty acid accumulated according to the time elapsed, and statistical significance was obtained after 10 minutes. Free arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids were attributed to these significant accumulations at 10, 15, and 30 minutes. At 60 minutes, individual free fatty acids increased nonspecifically. Free fatty acids, which are hydrolyzed from phospholipid classes, are known to be further metabolized to bioactive substances such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Rapid degradation of phospholipid molecular species, especially of diacyl polyunsaturated molecular species, could be an important finding to membrane perturbation. Effective prevention of these changes might enhance tolerance to ischemic brain damage.

Animals↗