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Biomedical subjects

H Haller

Publications and source records attributed to H Haller.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Intracellular free calcium and plasma calcium in patients with essential hypertension. Is there a correlation between extracellular and intracellular disorders of calcium regulation in essential hypertension?].

Alterations in intracellular free calcium regulation as well as disturbances of extracellular calcium homeostasis have been observed in patients with essential hypertension. It has been hypothesized that a generalized defect of calcium regulation might be of importance in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. In one hypothesis a primary calcium-deficiency in essential hypertension has been linked to subsequent membrane instability and altered intracellular free calcium concentrations. We therefore investigated the relationship between intracellular free calcium concentrations in platelets and ionized as well as total plasma calcium in patients (n = 38) with essential hypertension and in age-matched normotensive subjects (n = 35). Intracellular free calcium in hypertensive patients was elevated by 13% (p less than 0.05) although there was a wide overlap between the values of the two groups. However, no difference with regard to the ionized or total plasma calcium concentrations could be observed. Total plasma calcium concentration, ionized plasma levels as well as intracellular free calcium were positively correlated (p less than 0.05) with mean arterial blood pressure. No correlation however was found between the extracellular and intracellular calcium compartments. We therefore could not observe a generalized defect of calcium regulation in essential hypertension, and extracellular calcium concentrations do not seem to be related to intracellular calcium derangement in this disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Partial intercarpal arthrodesis].

An intercarpal arthrodesis was performed in 21 patients with Kienböck's disease, scaphoid non-union, and instability of the wrist. In eight patients we used the method of Graner, in eight cases the procedure was an arthrodesis between scaphoid and lunate and in five cases an arthrodesis between other carpal bones. Eighteen of these patients were reviewed one to 14 years postoperatively. 30% were pain free, 40% had some residual pain, and 20% had moderate to severe pain. The range of motion in the wrist was restricted mainly in extension. In 40% we found arthrotic changes. Two cases resulted in an arthrodesis of the wrist. Based on the poor results found in this review, we feel the indications for intercarpal arthrodesis are very limited.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Loss of fat, water, and protein during very low calorie diets and complete starvation.

The magnitude and composition of weight loss obtained in obese women on two forms of very low calorie protein-supplemented diets (Cambridge diet, Dresden drink) as well as by complete starvation has been investigated. With the VLCD, nitrogen equilibrium was reached on the 10th day of fasting, the cumulative nitrogen balance also being compensated. Nearly half of the body weight loss is due to loss of fat. In order to assess the benefit of fasting regimes, we propose to measure at least two parameters which are independent of each other, e.g., nitrogen balance and total body water. Both types of VLCD were equally effective, safe, and acceptable in achieving rapid body weight reduction.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1987

Effect of digitoxin on cardiac arrhythmias in hemodialysis patients.

Digitoxin is considered a risk factor for ventricular arrhythmias in hemodialysis patients. In a randomized, crossover controlled study, 55 hemodialysis outpatients with sinus rhythm were prospectively investigated in two 48-h periods of electrocardiographic monitoring, one on and one off digitoxin or vice versa. The frequency of ventricular ectopic beats (mean +/- SD) which were found in 31 of 55 patients (56%), was slightly higher on hemodialysis (10 +/- 28 beats/h) than in the following 20 h (5.4 +/- 10 beats/h) and the next day off hemodialysis (3.6 +/- 6.6 beats/h); however, no difference was seen in patients on digitoxin during hemodialysis (10 +/- 29 beats/h), in the following 20 h (4.8 +/- 15 beats/h) and on the next day off hemodialysis (1.2 +/- 6.6 beats/h). The frequency of ventricular bigemini, polymorphous ectopies, couplets, more than 30 ectopies/h, salvos and tachycardias (10 vs 9 patients) on and off digitoxin was about the same (n.s., Fisher test). Supraventricular bigemini, salvos, tachycardias, and atrial fibrillation, however, occurred in significantly fewer patients on digitoxin (3 vs 13) than in those off digitoxin (P = 0.01, Fisher test). It is concluded that digitoxin does not increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmias in hemodialysis patients. Digitoxin, however, may have a beneficial effect on the supraventricular arrhythmias frequently observed in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Metabolism kinetic characterization of hypertriglyceridemias in drug therapy variations].

In 26 male patients with primary hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) the radioglycerol labelling technique was used to assess triglyceride production rates and fractional catabolic rates pertaining to the rapidly turning-over compartment of endogenously produced triglycerides (TG). On the basis of these data the patients were allotted to 3 groups: group I with predominating TG overproduction, group II with predominating disturbances of TG removal from the bloodstream, and group III with a combination of both dysfunctions. All patients were examined prior to and after 4 weeks of drug intake at the metabolic ward. Each group got a medical treatment aiming at removing the pathogenetic cause of the HTG. Biguanides used in group I decreased TG production rates without affecting fractional catabolic rates. In group II an anabolic steroid (chlormethyltestosterone) proved to be able to improve TG removal, but this improvement was accompanied by a significant lowering of HDL cholesterol and an increase in LDL cholesterol. In contrast, clofibric acid influenced both overproduction and removal impairment in group III. Our results give an insight into mechanisms of action of certain lipid-lowering drugs providing a basis for future improvements in the elimination of the risk factor HTG.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Presentation of an insulin-treated patient group within the scope of a 5-year study of the Diabetes Intervention Study (DIS)].

The diabetes intervention study (DIS) is an intervention and examination programme which in dietetically conducible diabetics who freshly became manifest shall decrease the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and analyse the influence of various steps of intervention on the course of diabetes. In the course of 5 years 54 out of 988 patients were insulinized by reason of deteriorations of metabolism. There were no significant differences between the intervention and control group concerning age, sex, index of ideal weight, fasting blood glucose, quantity of injected insulin and duration of the insulin treatment. By means of a C-peptide short-time test following glucagon stimulation an attempt of differentiation into type 1 and type 2 diabetics, was performed and compared with the results in literature.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1987

Effects of acute hypermagnesaemia on intracellular calcium concentration and adrenergic activity.

The effects of acute hypermagnesaemia on intracellular free calcium and adrenergic activity were investigated in six normotensive volunteers given intravenous magnesium sulphate for 3 h. The free calcium concentration in platelets decreased after the first hour of infusion (P less than 0.05), but did not remain significantly depressed after 2 and 3 h of continued infusion. Plasma noradrenaline increased during the infusion (P less than 0.05), with no change in plasma adrenaline. The results demonstrate that the effects of intravenous magnesium sulphate on free intracellular calcium and plasma catecholamines are similar to those described with calcium antagonists.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Plasma exchange treatment in autoimmune hemolytic anemia of the warm antibody type with renal failure.

A patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia of the warm antibody type developed a hyperacute hemolytic crisis with acute renal failure under conventional treatment with corticosteroids. Because of the life-threatening situation it was decided to start a combined treatment with immunosuppression and plasmapheresis. Already after the first plasma exchange the direct antiglobulin test became weakly positive, the hemoglobin level rose from 4.1 to 8.1 g/dl, and the hemolytic crisis subsided. Four more exchanges were performed; thereafter, the patient's clinical condition and laboratory data stabilized.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1987

Changes in sensitivity to angiotensin II in platelets.

Our study on intracellular effects of angiotensin II in human platelets showed that: (1) angiotensin II increases intracellular free calcium in platelets via a receptor-operated mechanism and this increase is dose-dependent; (2) the effect on platelet intracellular free calcium depends on the extracellular calcium concentration; (3) ACE inhibition leads to an increased sensitivity of intracellular free calcium to angiotensin II but does not alter epinephrine-induced calcium increase; (4) nifedipine reduces the susceptibility of platelet intracellular free calcium for angiotensin II.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

[Subcutaneous profundus tendon rupture--reconstruction or primary arthrodesis].

Subcutaneous rupture of the flexor tendon is not as rare as described. Between 1972-1982 14 patients with ruptured flexor tendons were treated at the accident hospital in Linz. The average age was 34.8 years. In most of the cases we use primary arthrodesis with the Harrison-Nicolle-Peg, because the external fixation is very short and the method gives secure ankylosis or arthrodesis of the distal finger joint.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Vasopressin is increased in mineralocorticoid-induced blood pressure increase in man.

Vasopressin has been studied intensively in DOCA-salt rats and seems to play an important role in this model of hypertension. In the present study we investigated plasma vasopressin in seven normotensive young volunteers during the early phase of mineralocorticoid-induced hypertension. We administered 0.8 mg/day fludrocortisone for 1 week. Body weight, blood pressure, plasma vasopressin, plasma osmolality and electrolytes, as well as plasma renin activity, were evaluated on days 0, 3 and 7. Blood pressure increased significantly from 117/67 to 121/76 mmHg (P less than 0.05) within 1 week, while plasma osmolality remained unaltered at 284 +/- 3 mOsmol/l. Plasma vasopressin (0.45 +/- 0.1 pg/ml) was increased after 3 days (0.68 +/- 0.5 pg/ml) and rose further to 1.53 +/- 0.27 pg/ml after 1 week (P less than 0.05). Changes in plasma vasopressin concentration were not correlated with alterations in blood pressure. Our results show an increase in plasma vasopressin in the early phase of mineralocorticoid-induced hypertension in man. However, the observed increase is moderate and does not seem to explain the increase in blood pressure alone, but could contribute to the blood pressure increase during mineralocorticoid treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Platelet intracellular free calcium and hypertension.

Platelet intracellular free calcium concentration was assessed by the quin-2 method in 38 patients with essential hypertension and in 35 normotensive subjects. The concentrations were found to be significantly higher in the hypertensive patients (p less than 0.05); however, there was a wide overlap between the values of both groups. In addition, we determined platelet intracellular free calcium in another model of increased blood pressure, the blood pressure elevation following administration of the synthetic mineralocorticoid fludrocortisone. Administration of 0.8 mg fludrocortisone per day to eight normotensive volunteers resulted in a pronounced increase in intracellular free calcium after the first week and a decrease toward control levels thereafter, while blood pressure remained elevated throughout the period of fludrocortisone administration. Our findings suggest that an increase in intracellular free calcium concentration is a transitory phenomenon and not directly related to the blood pressure elevation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Microbore wires in osseous tendon ruptures of the distal finger joint].

Osteosynthesis with crossed Kirschner-wires is a common method for fracture stabilization. With wires of 0.8, 0.6, 0.5 and 0.4 mm thickness, small avulsion fractures of tendons in the digits are reduced and fixed anatomically. In cases of ideal closed reduction, percutaneous insertion of the wires is possible.

Arthrodesis↗
PubMed1987

Predictive value of the index of desirable body weight for total body fat mass as measured by dilution of tritiated water--problems and limitations.

The index of desirable body weight is currently used for classification of patients' weights. We examined how it is related to the degree of adiposity, and whether it can serve in the prediction of body fat to the same degree as Quetelet's index. Sixty-five women and 142 men comprising a wide range of weight indices were studied. Body fat (F) was measured by the tritium dilution technique with a precision of +/- 1.26 kg. Regressions of F/W0 on the index of desirable weight W/W0 gave a correlation coefficient of 0.969 for women and 0.939 for men. Regressions of F/H2 on Quetelet's index W/H2 had correlation coefficients of the same order, i.e. 0.971 for women and 0.936 for men. Hence both indices are equally powerful for calculation of body fat within the study population. Further progress was achieved by multiple regression of F on W and W0 which yielded correlation coefficients of 0.976 for women and 0.953 for men. The residual standard deviation reflecting the mean difference between calculated and estimated fat was 3.4 kg for women and 3.8 kg for men. Despite this self-consistency, prediction of body fat for persons outside the study population is only possible within wide limits. These are given by about twice the residual standard deviation. Therefore, prediction of body fat from weight indices can only be used for detection of larger abnormalities in body composition.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Cardiologic findings in newly manifested type II diabetics of the diabetes intervention study].

In 1,126 newly manifested primarily purely dietetic manageable type II-diabetics (628 men, 498 women) of the diabetes intervention study (DIS) at the age from 30 to 55 years the prevalence of the ischaemic heart disease was established with the help of the ECG in rest (Minnesota code) and in 70% of the test persons by an additional electrocardiography after work. Including the two parameters in 9.2% of the diabetic men and 26.1% of the women electrocardiographic findings of an ischaemic heart disease could be proved. The proportion of pathological findings of the ECG increased with age. While the proportion of a probable ischaemic heart disease (code 1.1-1.2) in the ECG in rest and with 1.4% the same size in the two sexes, in women, the percentage of a possible ischaemic heart disease (code 1.3, 4.1-4.3/5-5.3/8.3) prevailed with statistical significance after the 45th year of age. The at present numerically largest study on newly detected diabetics of type II gives evidences to the previous cardial lesion when the diabetes is manifest at medium age on the basis of the homogeneity of the number of patients.

Adult↗