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Biomedical subjects

H Hahn

Publications and source records attributed to H Hahn.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Improved computer-assisted reading of identification and shortened MIC data for reporting on urine specimens at a Berlin university hospital.

Results of bacteriological analyses of urine specimens from patients of Steglitz University Hospital at Berlin Free University are transmitted directly from the laboratory reading station to a mini-computer by means of an input tablet and a menu-driven programme. First, an identification of each specimen is entered on reception and printed out to form a working list. After culturing, the microorganisms are inoculated into microdilution plates for susceptibility testing and differentiation of Enterobacteriaceae. At the reading station, the urine data acquisition programme stores the observed CFU/ml values as well as up to 6 pathogens for each specimen. For each pathogen susceptibilities to 30 antibiotics are tested and reported for up to 4 levels of sensitivity. Enterobacteriaceae are speciated largely according to the results of 17 biochemical tests. User-programme interaction can be monitored on an LCD. Two correction facilities are provided: (1) within the current specimen, or (2) by recalling earlier specimens. Antibiotic usage patterns and species coding may be modified without reprogramming by editing the configuration files for (1) usage of the menu, (2) species coding, and (3) substrate-species combinations. The results are printed on self-adhesive labels, which are returned to the senders of specimens on the conventional request forms.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1988

In search of an animal model for experimental Campylobacter pylori infection: administration of Campylobacter pylori to rodents.

Various mouse strains and Lewis rats were either orally or intravenously infected with high inocula of Campylobacter pylori and bacterial counts in the liver, spleen, heart, kidneys, and the stomach were followed over time. The intravenously infected animals displayed transient bacteremia and colonization of their livers and spleens. A loglinear decrease led to complete bacterial clearance after 72 hours. Oral administration of Campylobacter pylori neither resulted in colonization nor tissue invasion in any of the infected mice, even if infection had occurred under complete drug-induced achlorohydria. We conclude that under the conditions chosen, mice and rats are not suited for an animal model for experimental Campylobacter pylori infection.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Effects of Staphylococcus epidermidis on cellular immunity to infection with Listeria monocytogenes.

With the present study, the effects of intravenous applications of Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) on the course of experimental infections of mice with Listeria monocytogenes were evaluated. SE treatment 24 h prior to Listeria infection led to a reduced growth of Listeria organisms in both livers and spleens and to an increased resistance of infected animals against a lethal Listeria challenge. SE treatment 24 h after Listeria infection resulted in an enhanced growth of and retarded elimination of Listeria organisms from animal organs as well as in a reduction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to soluble Listeria antigen. Adoptive immunotherapy accomplished by transferring immune peritoneal exudate T-lymphocyte-enriched cells (PETLEs) to Listeria-infected recipients 24 h before SE treatment did not prevent the delay in clearance of Listeria organisms. When Listeria-infected recipients compromised in their immune response by SE treatment were infused with immune PETLEs either immediately or 24 h after the application of SE, the immunosuppression induced by SE proved to be reversible. It is concluded that, in analogy to other bacterial immunomodulators, Staphylococcus epidermidis is able to either nonspecifically activate macrophages or interfere with T-lymphocyte functions.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

T-cell subsets in delayed-type hypersensitivity, protection, and granuloma formation in primary and secondary Listeria infection in mice: superior role of Lyt-2+ cells in acquired immunity.

Immunity to Listeria monocytogenes was studied in mice treated with rat monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the Thy-1.2, L3T4, and Lyt-2 T-cell markers. Three characteristic T-cell-mediated phenomena were investigated. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to listerial antigen was totally abolished in mice treated with anti-Thy-1.2 or anti-L3T4 MAbs, whereas anti-Lyt-2 MAb treatment had no effect, regardless of whether the MAb was given during the induction or the expression of DTH. On the other hand, the elimination of bacteria from the spleens of infected animals was inhibited only by the application of either anti-Thy-1.2 MAb or anti-Lyt-2 MAb. This could be shown most impressively during the secondary infection of immune mice with a normally lethal dose of listeriae. In this situation, treatment with anti-Lyt-2 MAb sufficed to completely abolish immunologic memory, whereas anti-L3T4 MAb had only a marginal effect on antibacterial protection. However, the accelerated development of mononuclear cell foci in the livers of immune mice was inhibited by the application of both anti-L3T4 MAb and anti-Lyt-2 MAb. It is concluded that in murine listeriosis, DTH and acquired immunity to reinfection are dissociable phenomena. Although DTH is a function of L3T4+ T lymphocytes, Lyt-2+ T cells are necessary and sufficient for the expression of acquired resistance to L. monocytogenes. The roles of the different T-cell subsets in granuloma formation warrant further investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Interleukin 2 receptor in patients with localized and systemic parasitic diseases.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify soluble interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) in the serum of patients with helminthic and protozoal infections. The results demonstrated that levels of IL-2R were normal in patients with helminthic infections limited to the intestinal tract (ascariasis, trichuriasis), but significantly elevated in patients with systemic or long-lasting infections (strongyloidiasis, schistosomiasis, fascioliasis, opisthorchiasis). In patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni levels of IL-2R were higher in those with the hepatosplenic than in those with the intestinal form of the disease. Patients with malaria also showed increased serum levels of IL-2R, irrespective whether the infection was caused by Plasmodium falciparum or P. vivax. No difference was observed between patients with acute or history of malaria. The highest levels of IL-2R were observed in patients with visceral leishmaniasis. Interestingly, in these patients the concentration of IL-2R correlated to specific antibody titre. The results are discussed in the context of preferential activation of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and/or macrophages during the course of the different parasitic infections investigated.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
PubMed1988

[Psychiatric care in Leipzig--10 years' regionalized care in a large city by 3 major clinics].

The paper deals with experience gained in the town of Leipzig in the course of the implementation of the regionalized organisation of psychiatric care. The idea behind the organisational structure is that of a complete psychiatric system of treatment, covering hospitalised, partially hospitalised, and out-patient treatment, supported by ancillary services, to provide continued care. The organisational structure has proved effective for basic psychiatric care in a large town.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed1987

[Campylobacter pylori in the stomach, duodenum and colon of gastroenterological patients. An epidemiologic study of 120 subjects].

In a prospective study of 120 gastroenterological patients in Berlin, Germany, the prevalence of Campylobacter pylori was determined. When the gastric mucosa was normal, the prevalence was one in 19 patients (5.3%). In 101 patients with chronic gastritis it was cultured in 55 (54.5%). In 31 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis the organism was cultured in 25 (81%); in 60 patients with severe gastritis it was present in 75%, in 35 with moderate or severe chronic active gastritis in 82.8%. The diagnosis of gastric ulcer (9) or duodenal ulcer (12) was associated with the isolation of Campylobacter pylori in 55.6 and 91.7%, respectively. The prevalence of this organism in antral mucosa of this group of patients thus corresponds to that in Australia, England and North America. The organism was also demonstrated in the duodenum of 10 among 25 patients examined. But in none of 25 patients was it demonstrated in the sigmoid colon.

Berlin↗
PubMed1987

[Aeromonas hydrophila as an autochthonous causative agent of infectious enteritis in Germany].

Aeromonas hydrophila was identified by culture technique in diarrhoeal stools and ascites in a patient of 57 years of age who suffered from known alcoholic cirrhosis and additional acute gastroenteritis. No other pathogens that would produce acute diarrhoea were found. The isolated Aeromonas hydrophila strain was characterised by the pathogenic properties known to date as pertaining to this species (formation of haemolysin and enterotoxins). Hence it is evident that Aeromonas hydrophila occurs in Germany also as an autochthonous pathogen of acute infectious enteritis.

Aeromonas↗
PubMed1987

Comparative investigations about three different identification systems for Campylobacter pyloridis from human antrum mucosa.

Campylobacter pyloridis (C. p.) which was first isolated in 1983 in Australia by Marshall and Warren from human gastric mucosa has since been associated with chronic gastritis and ulceration of stomach and duodenum. A typical characteristic of this microorganism is very strong urease formation. Therefore, from the appearance of that enzyme in the gastric mucosa colonization with C. p. can be inferred. The investigations reported here were done to compare the cultivation of C. p. as a direct proof of the presence of this microorganism with two different enzymatic procedures to be used as a rapid indirect method for demonstration of the presence of C. p. A total of 100 patients were involved. The results show rather good agreement between all three procedures used (80%), so that, at least for epidemiological surveys, the demonstration of urease may be used as an indirect procedure for the demonstration of the presence of C. p.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1987

Adapting the environment to people with disabilities: constitutional issues in Canada.

Many problems experienced by people with disabilities can be ascribed to the effects of a disabling environment rather than personal deficiencies. Adapting the environment to make it less handicapping therefore has become a significant item on agenda of reforms sought by people with disabilities, but pursuit of this objective has wider legal, political and constitutional implications. Canada is one country in which all of these avenues have been explored in order to achieve progress in this sphere. This article, based on interviews with key informants, reports the constitutional and historical background to the Canadian experience and identifies various problems that have been encountered by the organisation and persons who have sought to secure appropriate changes. It is argued that this particular example, founded on a hard-won clarification of rights and entitlements under the Constitution, may offer a more promising way forward than alternative approaches focused on legislative or administrative regulations.

Canada↗
PubMed1987

Allergic and irritant contact dermatitis from falcarinol and didehydrofalcarinol in common ivy (Hedera helix L.).

Experimental and chemical investigations revealed that common ivy (Hedera helix susp. helix) contains 3 compounds which are powerful irritants and moderate sensitizers. Only 2 of these constituents, falcarinol and didehydrofalcarinol, are present in the plant during the whole year. Besides Panax ginseng and Schefflera arboricola, this is the third species of the Araliaceae in which these polyacetylenic sensitizers have been found. Falcarinol and didehydrofalcarinol also occur in Hedera helix subsp. canariensis. 4 patients have been patch tested. Even in low concentrations (0.03%), the main allergen falcarinol elicited strong reactions in all of them. One of the authors became sensitized during the investigations.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Pathogenesis of the mucosal hyperplasia in self-filling blind loops of rat jejunum: a morphometric study in germ free animals.

Bacterial overgrowth and high intraluminal concentrations of deconjugated bile acids are thought to be responsible for mucosal hyperplasia in self-filling blind loops of rat jejunum. To investigate this hypothesis further we have assessed the three dimensional architecture of these loops created in germ free animals without or with di- or mono-association of different bacterial species. It was found that mucosal hyperplasia develops in the absence of any bacterial contamination and that bacterial association does not lead to a more pronounced mucosal proliferation. This implies that other mechanisms provoke this morphological phenomenon. Increased bulk contents in these loops or immunological events are probably the most likely explanation.

Animals↗