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H H Storm

Publications and source records attributed to H H Storm.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Risk of contralateral breast cancer in Denmark 1943-80.

The incidence of a second primary breast cancer in the contralateral breast among 56,237 women with a first primary breast cancer diagnosed between the years 1943-80 in Denmark was established. The relative risk (RR) for a breast cancer patient to get yet another breast cancer was studied, taking account of age, stage and treatment of the first primary breast cancer. Based on 345,573 women years at risk and 1,840 non simultaneous contralateral breast cancer cases the overall relative risk (RR) of invasive cancer in the contralateral breast following a first primary breast cancer, was found to be 2.8 (95% Confidence Interval (CI); 2.7-3.0). Among women who survived 10 or more years the risk was higher among those irradiated for the primary breast cancer (RR = 2.6) than among non-irradiated (RR = 2.0). In the large group of patients with localized disease the association with radiation was obvious for all ages combined (irradiated RR = 3.0, not irradiated RR = 1.6), but not obvious among premenopausal (age less than 45 years) and perimenopausal (age 45-54 years) women at primary breast cancer until followed for 20 years. The RR was higher among irradiated than non-irradiated post-menopausal (age greater than 55 years) women from the time of diagnosis of the first cancer, but was not significant after 14 years of follow-up. The probability for a woman diagnosed with breast cancer at 45 years of age or younger, of developing a contralateral breast cancer if surviving to the age of 75 years, is 25%. Close surveillance of the remaining breast of breast cancer patients is advised, especially if young or following an irradiated localized primary breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Leukaemia after cervical cancer irradiation in Denmark.

A matched case-control study among cervical cancer patients in Denmark was conducted to evaluate the possible influence of radiation therapy on leukaemia risk. Among 25718 women treated between 1943-1977, 27 cases of leukaemia occurred one or more years after diagnosis. Four controls were matched to each case on age, calendar year of diagnosis and survival without developing a second cancer. Detailed medical records were abstracted, and individual radiation doses to active bone marrow were determined by medical physicists. All leukaemia diagnoses were classified by one haematopathologist. A 2.5-fold risk of radiogenic leukaemia was found, although the excess was not statistically significant (95% Cl = 0.5-12.1). The pattern of risk by dose was somewhat compatible with animal experiments, ie, the risk rose, peaked, and then decreased to near normal levels at the highest dose categories. The average dose to the total bone marrow was 783 rads, and thus a much greater risk of leukaemia was predicted on the basis of estimates from other exposed populations. Assuming that the pelvic bone marrow is essentially destroyed by high-dose radiotherapy and should, perhaps, be disregarded for the purpose of risk estimation, risk coefficients consistent with other studies can be computed. Nonetheless, the very low risk of radiogenic leukaemia found among cervical cancer patients suggests that the induction of leukaemia by radiation is a complex function of dose, and that very high doses may result in a decreased risk, possibly associated with cellular sterilization or other mechanisms.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Cancer registration in Denmark and the study of multiple primary cancers, 1943-80.

The Danish Cancer Registry began in 1942 as the world's first program to register all cases of cancer arising in an entire nation. The Registry covers a population with free access to good medical care. Voluntary notifications are received of patients with reportable malignant and certain related diseases from hospital departments, pathology institutes, and practicing physicians. The Registry is linked annually to death certificates made available by the Danish National Board of Health to ascertain additional cancers and to learn whether patients previously reported to the registry have died. During the period 1943-77, coding of the reported diseases was done by the Registry's medical and clerical staff according to an extended version of the Seventh Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Since 1978, information has been coded according to the ICD for Oncology. Multiple primary cancers in the same patient are entered individually into the Registry; however, before 1978 only multiple primary cancers in different organs were registered. An evaluation of the completeness and the validity of diagnoses in the Danish Cancer Registry generally confirms the high quality of its data. However, it appears that the approach taken by the Registry in accepting multiple primary cancers has been a conservative one, and the risk of a person developing second cancers of some sites will thus be underestimated.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Second cancer following cancers of the buccal cavity and pharynx in Denmark, 1943-80.

Cancers of the buccal cavity and the pharynx are not only anatomically related but, except for the nasopharynx, also have risk factors in common. Multifocal occurrence of cancers in the buccal cavity and pharynx must be kept in mind when one is interpreting findings on multiple tumors. However, susceptibility to common risk factors, predominantly alcohol and tobacco, seem to be in operation among males, inasmuch as excess lung cancer followed cancers of the tongue [relative risk (RR) = 2.2], other parts of the mouth (RR = 2.2), and pharynx (RR = 2.0). Among females, lung cancer was in excess after cancers of the tongue (RR = 3.7) and mouth (RR = 3.6). Among males, esophageal cancer was elevated after cancers of the mouth (RR = 4.7) and tongue (RR = 5.7). Other combinations of tobacco-related cancers among males include those of the bladder (RR = 2.5) after cancer of the tongue and larynx (RR = 5.4) after pharyngeal cancer. Common etiologic factors or the multifocal nature of tumors of the buccal cavity might also account for the increases of cancer of the mouth (RR = 2.6) following lip cancer and cancer of the tongue (RR = 14) following mouth cancers among males. Among females, cancer of the mouth (RR = 17) was elevated after tongue, tongue (RR = 31) after mouth, and tongue (RR = 10) after salivary gland tumors. The excess of pharyngeal cancers in women (RR = 19) following cancer of the lip may be explained by common risk factors. Observed deficits of colon cancer following cancer of the lip in males and after tongue and salivary gland tumors in females could reflect low socioeconomic status, although a deficit of stomach cancer among males (RR = 0.1) also followed cancer of the salivary glands.

Denmark↗
PubMed1985

Introduction to the study of multiple primary cancers.

To lay the groundwork for subsequent chapters in this monograph of multiple primary cancers in Connecticut and Denmark, we present a description of the historical significance of previous studies, focusing on key surveys that have enhanced our understanding of the origins of multiple cancers. Case reports, hospital series, and cancer registry studies have progressively sharpened our perspective on the patterns and causes of multiple cancers. These findings in turn have generated hypotheses about host and environmental determinants of various combinations of cancer and have provided clues to the actual mechanisms of carcinogenesis. The registries of Connecticut and Denmark which began in the 1930s and 1940s, respectively, afford investigators a unique opportunity to analyze the cancer experience of well-defined populations, followed for long periods. The major contribution of this monograph is the evaluation of second cancer risks among long-term survivors of cancer, including relatively rare tumors about which little information currently exists. For patients with a particular cancer, the number of observed second cancers are tabulated over time and compared with those expected if the patients experienced the same rates prevailing in the corresponding general population. We have discussed problems in distinguishing statistical artifacts from biologically plausible associations in light of the potential biases inherent in follow-up surveys of cancer patients; for example, heightened medical surveillance and mistaken metastases could result in false indications of elevated risk. Several differences in the reporting, follow-up, and coding practices between the Connecticut and Denmark registries are described and probably account for many differences in the reported findings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Connecticut↗
PubMed1985

Second cancer following cancer of the female genital system in Denmark, 1943-80.

Between 1943 and 1980, approximately 53,000 women in Denmark survived 2 or more months after initial diagnosis of cancers of the cervix uteri, corpus uteri, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and ligaments. No significant excess of new cancers was observed following cancers of the cervix and corpus uteri. However, after second cancers of both the cervix and corpus uteri were eliminated from the analysis (because it was likely they were surgically removed or not recorded due to conservative coding practices), 6 and 4% excess risks of borderline significance were found among women with cancer of the cervix and uterus, respectively. A significant 25% excess of all second primary cancers was observed following cancer of the ovary (relative risk = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.14-1.37). Significant excesses of colon and breast cancers followed cancers of the ovary and corpus uteri. Subsequent to cervical cancer, the risk of cancers of the lung, esophagus, bladder, and kidney occurred significantly above expectation. These associations may be explained by common risk factors related to reproduction and possibly diet for cancers of the breast, colon, ovary, and corpus uteri; and to cigarette smoking for cancers of the lung, esophagus, bladder, and cervix uteri. The significant deficit of breast cancer after cervical cancer could be due to different patterns of risk factor (i.e., reproductive and socioeconomic variables) and loss of functioning ovaries as a part of the treatment for cervical cancer. Each of the female genital sites showed significant excesses of second bladder cancers, and the risk increased significantly with time, which indicate a relation to radiotherapy. The pattern of risk of leukemia observed following cancer of the ovary was also compatible with effects of treatment, especially chemotherapy.

Denmark↗
PubMed1985

Second cancer following lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers in Denmark, 1943-80.

In Denmark, approximately 5% of all malignant neoplasms occur within the lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. Between 1943 and 1980, 23,367 persons with these diseases fulfilled the criteria for entering the study. The risk of developing a second primary cancer was significantly increased only after Hodgkin's disease [relative risk (RR) = 1.6], whereas no increase was found after non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [(NHL); RR = 1.0] or leukemia (RR = 1.1), and a significant deficit occurred after multiple myeloma (RR = 0.8). All initial cancer sites showed a higher incidence of second primary cancers among males than females. Significant elevated risks for acute non-lymphocytic leukemia occurred after Hodgkin's disease (RR = 17), NHL (3.8), and multiple myeloma (9.1). Among persons initially diagnosed with leukemia, NHL was significantly elevated (RR = 2.6). However, these RR should be regarded as minimum figures due to the likelihood of serious underreporting of second primary hematologic cancers in Denmark. The secondary leukemias were likely induced by the treatment of the first primary cancer (chemotherapy, radiotherapy), but common etiologies, misclassification, or progression of the initial cancer cannot be ruled out entirely. Other second primary cancers found to be above expectation following Hodgkin's disease were cancers of the pancreas, lung, and urinary bladder. The risk for bladder cancer increased with time, which suggested a causal relation to radiation or chemotherapy, or both. Cancers of the colon and rectum following NHL and female breast cancer following leukemia occurred below expectation and remain unexplained.

Denmark↗
PubMed1985

Summary: multiple primary cancers in Denmark, 1943-80.

The risk of developing a second primary cancer was studied among 171,749 men and 208,192 women who were reported to the Danish Cancer Registry between 1943 and 1980. Only those who survived at least 2 months were included in the analysis, and more than 1.7 million person-years of observation were accrued. Altogether, 15,084 second primary cancers developed in organs other than the initial cancer site [relative risk (RR) = 0.99]. Adjustment for possible underreporting of multiple primary cancers increased the RR to 1.06. The overall RR of a second cancer developing for all sites was 0.91, but interpretation of this risk is difficult because new tumors arising within the same organ are generally not recorded in Denmark. The RR for all sites increased with time from 0.94 during the first decade of follow-up (excluding the first year) to 1.13 among 30-year survivors. Patients below the age of 20 years when first diagnosed with cancer experienced significantly increased risk of developing a second cancer. Elevated risks were also observed for sites thought to have a common etiology. For example, cancers of smoking-related sites were increased in both directions for cancers of the oral cavity, respiratory tract, and urinary organs. For cancers suspected to have a hormone- or dietary fat-related association, significant reciprocal relationships were seen among cancers of the endometrium, ovary, and colon. Cancer treatment probably is an important factor in second cancer development, even when judged indirectly in the present study. For example, radiotherapy may have been responsible for an elevated risk of subsequent cancers of the thyroid, breast, colon, rectum, bladder, connective tissue, and hematopoietic system in long-term survivors. Chemotherapy may have increased the risk of subsequent leukemias. Our data further indicate that cancer patients have no general susceptibility to develop new malignant tumors, although high rates may be found for particular sites sharing common risk factors. Conversely, the occurrence of one cancer does not appear to protect against developing a new cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

A Fickian diffusion transport process with features of transport catalysis. Doxorubicin transport in human red blood cells.

The transport of the antineoplastic drug doxorubicin (Adriamycin) in human red blood cells was investigated by measuring the net efflux from loaded cells. Previous data indicated that doxorubicin transport was a Fickian diffusion transport process of the electrically neutral molecule through the lipid domain of the cell membrane (Dalmark, 1981 [In press]). However, doxorubicin transport showed saturation kinetics and a concentration-dependent temperature dependence with nonlinear Arrhenius plots. The two phenomena were related to the doxorubicin partition coefficient between 1-octanol and a water phase. This relationship indicated that the two phenomena were caused by changes in the physiochemical properties of doxorubicin in the aqueous phase and were not caused by interaction of doxorubicin with cell membrane components. The physicochemical properties of doxorubicin varied with concentration and temperature because of the ability of doxorubicin to form polymers by self-association in aqueous solution like other planar aromatic molecules through pi-electron orbital interaction. The hypothesis is proposed that doxorubicin transport across cell membranes takes place by simple Fickian diffusion.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1979

Kidney scintigraphy with 99mTc-DMSA and 131I-hippurate.

43 patients underwent an extended scintigraphic procedure with 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinylic acid in order to investigate its proper use for diagnosing morphological and functional kidney abnormalities. The group was comprised of patients without renal disease, and patients with diffuse parenchymal disease, obstructive uropathy, renal cysts and renal tumors. The study was followed by 131I-hippurate renography. We propose a simplified routine procedure with scintiphotos taken 10-15 min after injection for topographic information and 120 min after injection for renal morphology. This procedure allows excellent case finding of diffuse parenchymal disease of a special value in cases of radiological non-visualization. The technique is indicated, when iodine contrast media cannot be used for radiological examinations. DMSA studies, however, do not allow safe functional evaluation in all categories of patients. Neither can obstructive nephropathy be diagnosed unless the renal pelvis is dilated. Renal perfusion studies are contaminated by the perfusion of liver and spleen. Nevertheless, a tentative differentiation between cysts and tumours is possible, the former being hypoperfused the latter hyperperfused. When supplemented with gamma camera 131I-hippurate renography, the total scintigraphic procedure will also include split function determination and run-off evaluation.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytogenetics of myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukaemia in aircrew and people treated with radiotherapy.

Increased risk of acute myeloid leukaemia has been reported in aircrew, possibly in association with cosmic radiation. We studied the cytogenetics of seven aircrew members who had acute myeloid leukaemia or myelodysplasia and found deletion or loss of chromosome 7 in four. The same abnormality was found in eight of 19 patients with leukaemia after radiotherapy alone. By comparison, only 81 of 761 unselected cases of myelodysplasia or acute myeloid leukaemia had the same cytogenetic abnormalities. Our results support the concept that deletions or loss of the long arm of chromosome 7 in myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukaemia could indicate previous exposure to ionising radiation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Breast cancer following multiple chest fluoroscopies among tuberculosis patients. A case-control study in Denmark.

A case-control study of breast cancer among tuberculosis (TB) patients in Denmark (1937-1954) was conducted to provide additional information on the radiation risk associated with low-dose chest fluoroscopy exposures. Records of 46013 TB patients were linked to the Danish Cancer Registry and 125 subsequent female breast cancers identified. Medical records were located for 89 (71%) of these women who developed breast cancer and on 390 controls, who were individually matched to cases on age and calendar year of TB diagnosis, and survival. Common risk factors for breast cancer such as nulliparity (relative risk (RR) = 2.5) and high relative weight (RR = 2.6) were also identified in this population of TB patients. However no risk was evident with exposure to any type of fluoroscopy (RR = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.2-1.4), or to fluoroscopies performed to monitor lung collapse therapy (RR = 0.8; 95% CI = 0.5-1.4). Although based on only 7 breast cancers, there was a suggestion of an increased risk among women who received greater than 1 Gy to their breasts (RR = 1.6; 95% CI = 0.4-6.3). Because of the infrequent use of fluoroscopy in our study, the breast doses were too low, 0.27 Gy on average, to expect to detect a significant elevation in breast cancer risk overall. The findings do suggest, however, that current estimates of breast cancer risk following radiation are not greater than presently accepted, and that a relative excess of 40 per cent can be excluded with reasonable confidence following breast doses on the order of 0.3 Gy.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple primary cancers in Denmark 1943-80; influence of possible underreporting and suggested risk factors.

The risk of developing a second primary cancer was studied among 171,749 men and 208,192 women who were reported to the Danish Cancer Registry between 1943 and 1980. Only those who survived at least two months were included in the analysis, and more than 1.7 million person-years of observation were accrued. Altogether, 15,084 second primary cancers developed, of which 13,231 were in organs other than the initial or adjacent site [relative risk (RR) = 1.01]. Adjustment for possible underreporting of multiple primary cancers increased the RR to 1.24, which stresses the need for detailed knowledge of registration procedures interpreting results from cancer registries. The unadjusted RR for all sites increased with time, from 0.94 during the first decade of follow-up (excluding the first year) to 1.13 among 30-year survivors, whereas the adjusted RR increased from 1.08 to 1.41. Elevated risks were observed for sites thought to have a common etiology. For example, cancers of smoking-related sites were increased in both directions following cancers of the oral cavity, respiratory tract, and urinary organs. For cancers suspected to have a hormone- or dietary fat-related association, significant reciprocal relationships were seen among cancers of the endometrium, ovary, and colon. Cancer treatment probably is an important factor in second cancer development, even when judged indirectly in the present study. For example, radiotherapy may have been responsible for an elevated risk of subsequent cancers of the thyroid, breast, colon, rectum, bladder, and connective tissue in long-term survivors. Chemotherapy may have increased the risk of subsequent leukemias. Our data further indicate that cancer patients have no general susceptibility to develop new malignant tumors, although high rates may be found for particular sites sharing common risk factors. Conversely, the occurrence of one cancer does not appear to protect against developing a new cancer.

Denmark↗