Biomedical subjects

H H Chiu

Publications and source records attributed to H H Chiu.

42 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1976

Clinical evaluation of etidocaine in continuous caudal analgesia for pelvic floor repair and post-operative pain relief.

A randomized double-blind trial compared 1-0% etidocaine and 1-5% lignocaine (both with 1/200,000 adrenaline), for caudal anaesthesia for pelvic floor repair. Etidocaine was highly effective for the surgical procedure, with rapid onset of action, adequate muscle relaxation and longer duration of action. Its use for post-operative analgesia may be hindered by the concomitant immobilization of the legs. The problem of tachyphylaxis with etidocaine needs further investigation.

Acetanilides↗

PubMed1976

Intravenous flunitrazepam as an anesthetic induction agent.

The effects of the fluorinated benzodiazepine compound flunitrazepam were studied in eighty patients. The drug was administered intravenously in a standard dose of 2 mg, 3 mg, or 4 mg to supplement lumbar epidural analgesia. Induction was smooth and pleasant. The sleep onset time was dose related and exceeded one minute in the majority of patients. Sleep was invariably produced in patients receiving 4 mg but at lower dosage some patients failed to become unconscious. Pain in the arm during injection was a common feature. The respiratory rate was slightly increased, but in two patients apnoea occurred at induction. The cardiovascular system was minimally depressed with a small decrease in systolic blood pressure and pulse rate. Recovery from sleep was slow but sequelae were minimal. The sedative and amnesic properties contributed significantly to the high rate of patient acceptance.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗

PubMedDate not supplied

MR imaging findings of enteroviral encephaloymelitis: an outbreak in Taiwan.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: An outbreak of enterovirus infection occurred in Taiwan from late spring to early fall of 1998. Most of the pediatric infections presented as hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) and herpangina. A small portion of patients had symptoms of polio-like encephalitis and paralysis. The purpose of this study was to review the MR imaging findings in CNS involvement of enterovirus infection. METHODS: Twenty patients who had HFMD and clinical encephalitis were examined with MR imaging. T1-weighted and T2-weighted MR images were obtained. From the rectum, throat, CSF, and peripheral blood, the presence of enterovirus 71 (EV 71) was determined by virus culture, immunofluorescent microscopy, immunologic dot blotting, and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: MR imaging studies of 20 patients showed hyperintensity in the brain stem and spinal cord in 15 patients, as seen on T2-weighted images. The major CNS lesions were in the medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, and the dentate nuclei of the cerebellum. In some cases, the lesions involved the spinal cord (three cases) as well as the thalamus (two cases) and putamina (one case). Five patients had normal MR imaging results. After the appropriate management for tachycardia and tachypnea, 18 patients recovered within 1 to 2 weeks. In the follow-up MR imaging examination of five patients, the lesions completely disappeared within 2 weeks to 2 months. In two patients who were still respirator-dependent, MR imaging showed the tissue destruction in the posterior portions of the medulla, pons, and the ventral horns of cervical spinal cord. In one patient, most of midbrain was damaged. The presence of EV 71 was detected in specimens from 18 patients. CONCLUSION: Because EV 71 was identified in 18 patients, and no other virus was detected, EV 71 was determined to be the major causative agent of this encephalomyelitis. Brain stem and cervical spinal cord involvement are characteristic findings of enteroviral encephalomyelitis.

Brain Stem↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Community-acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia and sepsis in previously healthy infants.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia, or sepsis, often occurs in hospitals, affecting mainly children with underlying problems. However, it can also appear in communities, and affects infants and children without underlying diseases. We report eight cases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia, or sepsis, in previously healthy infants over a three-year period. All patients were less than twelve months old and the majority presented with sepsis, diarrhea, ecthyma gangrenosum, and neutropenia. The infection route may have been the gastrointestinal tract. Concomitant gastrointestinal infections may have played a role in pathogenesis.

Bacteremia↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of Legionella pneumophila infection in children and its role in pediatric community-acquired atypical pneumonia.

The infection status of Legionella pneumophila in children and its role in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia were investigated. Because exposure to Legionella pneumophila may be highly variable and there has been no unanimously agreed-upon cut-off values in previous seroprevalence studies, 60 serum samples collected from infants aged 12 to 18 months were examined using immunofluorescence antibody test to determine the cut-off titer which represents past Legionella pneumophila infection. An IFA titer of greater than or equal to 32 was found to be suitable to represent past L. pneumophila infection. A seroepidemiological study of the prevalence of L. pneumophila in 180 children showed the prevalences in children aged 7 to 18 years to be between 28.4 and 35%. Fifty-three paired sera were tested to determine the role of Legionella pneumophila in pediatric, community-acquired, atypical pneumonia. The frequency of confirmed disease was 0% and of presumptive cases was 5.7%. Legionella pneumophila was not a common etiologic agent of pediatric pneumonia in Taiwan.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of a live attenuated varicella vaccine in 15- to 18-month-old healthy children.

A clinical trial was conducted in Taiwan in 15- to 18- month-old healthy children to study the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of live varicella vaccine combined with standard measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. A total of 118 varicella antibody-negative children were enrolled. They received one dose of varicella vaccine and one dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine at the same time. The vaccines were well tolerated; adverse reactions were mild and infrequent, with 2% of vaccines developed skin rash. No vesicular rash was seen. Concomitant varicella vaccination did not significantly increase the incidences of reactions associated with MMR vaccine. The seroconversion rates to varicella, measles, mumps and rubella all approached 100%. This study confirmed that simultaneous administration of live attenuated varicella vaccine and MMR vaccine was safe and immunogenic in healthy young children in Taiwan.

Antibodies, Viral↗