The management of pathologic fractures in patients with metastatic carcinoma of the breast.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H H Banks.
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Orthopaedic procedures for the correction of equinus deformity are effective in the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy. The best operative procedure for the correction of fixed equinus deformity in our series was the sliding lengthening of the heel cord. Adequate postoperative management of these patients is essential in order to obtain a good result. Long-term support at night during the growing period is necessary to prevent recurrent equinus. An exercise regimen to develop balanced muscle function is essential for a satisfactory result.
The civilian gunshot wound is a low velocity injury. Temporary cavitation does not occur in the low velocity wound and damage is confined to the projectile pathway. Extensive debridement is not indicated for this injury. Surgical cleansing is used to convert the open, contaminated wound to a clean, closed wound. Reparative and definitive reconstruction then follow to restore form and function with minimized patient hazard.
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The most common ankle and foot deformities in cerebral palsy are equinus, equinovalgus, equinovarus, calcaneus and hallux valgus. It makes little difference how the length of the triceps surae is re-established and how its stretch reflex is weakened as long as the patient is carefully chosen, the procedure done well and the postoperative regimen prolonged and detailed. The most common cause of failure is inadequate use of night support during growth to prevent recurrence. Significant equinovalgus has been successfully managed by heel cord lengthening and subtalar arthrodesis. The arthrodesis should not be performed unless the equinus has been corrected prior to or at the same time as the procedure to correct the valgus. Overcorrection must be avoided. Where equinovarus needs surgical correction and no bone deformity exists, heel cord and posterior tibial lengthening are successful. If there is significant bone deformity, a triple arthrodesis may also be necessary when growth is complete. The latter procedure should not be used to correct equinus for it ends up with a foot short in height, length and width.