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Biomedical subjects

H Gruber

Publications and source records attributed to H Gruber.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Different radiological, histomorphometrical and biochemical findings in two cases of adult osteopetrosis (author's transl)].

Morphokinetic measurements after tetracycline labeling were performed on bone specimens of the iliac crest in a 30-year-old man and a 38-year-old women. On radiographs, the osteopetrosis (=marble bone disease Albers-Schönberg) was characterized by an almost homogenous osteosclerosis in the man and by variable zones of high and normal density in the woman. Histologically, the man revealed increased rates of bone formation and mineralisation as signs of hyperactivity of the osteoblasts accompanied, biochemically, by an elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase and a high urinary output of hydroxyproline. In the woman increased resorbing bone seams, and elevation of serum acid phosphatase and a slightly lowered urinary output of hydroxyproline were apparent as signs of an osteoclastic deficiency. The cause of osteopetrosis has been generally ascribed to decreased bone resorption. This study shows that the accumulation of bone mass in osteopetrosis may be due also to increased bone formation and that by pathomechanism, probably, two forms of osteopetrosis in the adult may be differentiated.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1981

[Differentiation of retrobulbar ischaemic optic nerve lesions (author's transl)].

Clinical ophthalmological findings and results of fluorescein angiography, ophthalmodynamometry and ophthalmic artery Doppler sonography allow differentiation of several forms of retrobulbar ischaemic neuropathy: 1. Acute ischaemic laminar to retrolaminar neuropathy. 2. Acute posterior ischaemic neuropathy. 3. Chronic retrobulbar ischaemic neuropathy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

The blood vessels of the limbus spiralis.

The capillaries of the spiral limbus in the cochlea of the laboratory rat were investigated under light and electron microscopy. A stereological examination of the capillary volumes of specimens injected with horseradish peroxidase was performed. The volume of capillaries amounted to 2.87%, and, as such, is very high. The ultrastructure of the capillaries showed continuous endothelial cells and basal laminae, discontinuous pericytes and varying relations towards the surrounding tissue. Morphological criteria, such as microvilli and plasmalemmal vesicles, suggest a significant transendothelial transport. The causes for the abundance of vessels in the spiral limbus are discussed: the transport of oxygen to the perilymph and the need of substances for the formation of the tectorial membrane seem to be important factors. The transport processes are obviously controlled by the endothelial cells as well as by the spiral limbus cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Multifocal ischemic lesions of the visual pathways (author's transl)].

Multiple ischemic lesions of the optic pathways may cause a number of complex visual field defects; their analysis is of substantial diagnostic significance, especially if the computer tomogram is negative. Perimetry is often complicated by an accompanying organic psychosyndrome.

Carotid Artery Diseases↗
PubMed1981

[Experiences with electronystagmography in neuro-ophthalmological diagnosis (author's transl)].

Graphic registration of pathologic and physiological oscillations of the eyes offers some differential-diagnostic advantages as against clinical-subjective observation of nystagmus. Electronystagmography enables rhythmic eye movements to be accurately recorded, while at the same time permitting reliable comparison with earlier findings and assessment of nystagmus in darkness and with closed lids.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1980

[A case of unilateral retinitis pigmentosa].

A case of unilateral retinitis pigmentosa observed over a period of 15 years is reported. The affected eye showed all typical pathologic manifestations, while in the healthy eye all findings--including ERG and EOG-- were normal. In spite of the unequivocal ophthalmological diagnosis the condition should be regarded as a tapetoretinal degeneration with the clinical picture of unilateral retinitis pigmentosa so long as there is no evidence that it is hereditary.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Paraneoplastic optochiasmatic arachnoiditis (author's transl)].

It has been established that trauma and infection are the most important causes of "optochiasmatic" arachnoiditis. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature of collateral optochiasmatic arachnoiditis caused by tumors. Two cases of craniopharyngioma with collateral optochiasmatic arachnoiditis are described here. The following was deduced: 1) atypical complex visual field defects in which the exact location of the tumor is known may be caused--at least partially--by a collateral optochiasmatic arachnoiditis 2) whenever optochiasmatic arachnoiditis is suspected a tumor as a possible cause should be ruled out.

Arachnoiditis↗
PubMed1980

[Bilateral inferior hemianopsia (author's transl)].

Simultaneous bilateral altitudinal hemianopsia in ischemic optic nerve lesions nearly always involves the lower halves of the visual fields. As regards pathogenesis, systemic hemodynamic disturbance is a prerequisite. In addition local predisposing factors must exist which cause infarction to occur at the characteristic site, i.e., the upper optic disk and the adjacent retrolaminar region. The theories dealing with this problem are reviewed. In this connection a rather unusual case is described.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Differential diagnosis of amblyopia and retrobulbar neuritis with electroophthalmologic methods].

The electroretinogram (ERG), the brightness visual evoked cortical potential (H-EP) and the pattern reversal visual evoked cortical potential (M-EP) were recorded from 7 patients with amblyopia and 5 patients with neuritis retrobulbaris. The ERGs and the H-EPs of the amblyopic eyes were normal whereas the amplitude of the M-EP was significant diminished. The parameters of the ERG recorded from the patients with neuritis retrobulbaris showed normal values, however the H-EPs were significantly decreased and the peaktimes were delayed. Also a decrease in the amplitudes of the M-EPs was noticed. This method is a usefull clinical contribution in the differential diagnosis between amblyopia and neuritis retrobulbaris.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Acetylcholinesterase activity in motor nerve fibres in correlation to muscle fibre types in rat.

Rat muscle nerves were examined histochemically for their activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The corresponding muscles were stained for myofibrillar ATPase and for NADH diaphorase. The nerves to the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle and to the medial head of the gastrocnemius (MG) muscle consist of a motor axons of high AChE activity. Both muscles are characterized by the prevalence of type II muscle fibres. On the other hand, the soleus muscle and the quandratus femoris muscle, both mainly composed of type I muscle fibres, are innervated by a motor axons of low AChE activity. Since it is well established that EDL and MG are typical fast-twitch muscles and that the soleus, and probably also the auadratus femoris, is a typical slow-twitch muscle, it is suggested that, in rat, fast muscles are innervated by motor nerve fibres of high AChE activity and slow muscles are innervated by motor axons of low AChE activity.

Acetylcholinesterase↗