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Biomedical subjects

H Grandjean

Publications and source records attributed to H Grandjean.

101 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Neuroleptic analgesia in the management of labor].

Neuroleptic analgesia, which is used for the major part of the conduct of labour, has the advantage of abolishing the pain of uterine contractions without altering the mother's state of consciousness. A study of the effects of droperidol together with phenoperidine on the mother and the child has been carried out. Clinical results, the parameters of the intra-uterine pressure curves and the fetal heart rates as well as of the acid base balance and the pO2 of the mother and infant during dilatation of the cervix and the two first hours of life have been monitored. The conclusion is that neuroleptic analgesia does not cause neonatal depression and can be used as a method for conducting labour so long as very strict monitoring conditions are applied.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1975

Some physical and biochemical parameters during normal labour.

A statistical study of parameters of uterine contraction, fetal heart rate, acid-base balance and glycaemia has been made in 30 patients during spontaneous and clinically normal labour for each 2 cm of cervical dilatation. The study of uterine contractility gives the mean values and 95% limits of parameters of uterine contraction as labour progresses. The fetal heart rate is stable during dilation, on the other hand, during the expulsive phase, alterations of fetal heart rate appear, modifications which give evidence of trial that expulsive phase is for the fetus. The study of fetal and maternal acid-base balance shows little change during cervical dilatation, changes towards acidosis during expulsive phase, as importance of feto-maternal relationships. These relationships meet again on the study of glycaemia.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1975

[Therapeutic trials in pregnant women].

The increasing use of medications during pregnancy and labour leads to the question of their true effectiveness and the absence of harmful effects, for both mother and foetus. Study of the action of medications given to the pregnant woman requires clinical trials with precise methodology including, as an essential stage, the definition of an experimental protocol. Random distribution of the subjects to the various groups and statistical analysis of the results based upon objective criteria are essential. No study of the action of a medication as far as mother and foetus should be undertaken without prior parmacological and pharmacokinetic trials.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1975

[Study of fetal heart rate in deliveries complicated by fetal acidosis].

A study has been carried out on the parameters of the graph of the fetal heart rate (the basal rate and dips) in 44 cases of acute fetal distress with a pH lower than 7.2 in the blood and in 30 normal deliveries. The statistical analysis confirms that there is a significant rise in the number of heart rate abnormalities such as persistent bradycardia or persistent tachycardia and with dips during deliveries with fetal acidosis. The frequency of these abnormalities increases with the degree of acidosis. Sometimes the abnormalities in the fetal heart rate precede the appearance of the acidosis. All the same the discovery of these abnormalities does not by itself make a precise diagnosis of fetal distress because we do find these abnormalities in a certain number of cases even in normal deliveries. Only measuring fetal pH at a definite time can establish the diagnosis of fetal distress and the severity of the condition.

Acidosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Body composition and osteoporosis in elderly women.

OBJECTIVES: To study body composition in elderly osteoporotic women to determine the relationship of body weight, body fat mass and lean mass to bone mineral density (BMD), and to investigate the association between one-leg balance, osteoporosis and sarcopenia. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study of a community-based population in Toulouse, France. METHODS: For each participant, whole body composition and BMD were estimated using a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scanner. We investigated balance using a one-leg balance test. PARTICIPANTS: 129 healthy women aged 75-89 years, volunteers, ambulatory and living at home. RESULTS: Total fat mass and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) were significantly lower in osteoporotic women than in the age- and sex-matched non-osteoporotic controls [18.7 +/- 4.6 vs. 22.2 +/- 6.6 for total fat mass (p < 0.01); 13.1 +/- 1.6 vs. 13.8 +/- 2.2 for ASM (p < 0. 05)]. We did not find a positive association between osteoporosis and sarcopenia (OR = 0.75, CI 0.3-1.84), osteoporosis and one-leg balance (OR = 1.27, CI 0.51-3.17), or sarcopenia and one-leg balance (OR = 1.31, CI 0.52-3.36). There were significant positive correlations between BMD in all areas and body measurements (weight, fat mass, lean tissue mass), but fat mass accounted for more of the variance in total body and femoral BMD than lean tissue mass. Total fat mass alone, in a multivariate model, was correlated with whole body BMD, whereas femoral BMD was associated with both fat mass and lean tissue mass. CONCLUSION: Higher values of fat mass and lean tissue mass may have a protective effect on femoral bone density. Sarcopenia and osteoporosis are not necessarily linked with balance.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Narcissistic crisis and prediction of post-partum depression: validation of a self-report questionnaire].

We sought a relationship between disorders of the narcissistic transition during pregnancy and post-partum depression. We designed a self-report questionnaire VASANT (Visual Analogic Scale for Assessment of Narcissistic Transition) in an attempt to identify women at risk from post-partum depression. A preliminary validation was carried out on 52 pregnant women. Seventeen women (33%) were identified using a semi-directive interview as suffering from a disorder in the narcissistic transition. These women had a significantly higher VASANT score (67.7 +/- 14.2 versus 20.2 +/- 8.4) than the others and had a higher incidence of post-partum depression. The value of the VASANT scale for prediction of post-partum depression is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Disease modifying trials in Alzheimer disease: methodological and statistical issues.

In order to establish that a drug has an impact on disease progression, a clinical trial must study both the symptomatic and the disease modifying effect of the drug. Disease modifying trials raise some methodological issues with regard to the choice of the design (parallel arm versus two- period design), of the outcome (clinical versus surrogate) and of the statistical analysis (management of missing data).

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of the transplacental transfer of interferon alfa-2a on the model of isolated perfused cotyledon].

Interferon can be used for VIH+ pregnant women, to decrease materno-fetal contamination. Added to maternal circulation, its behaviour was studied by human placental cotyledon ex vivo perfusion. Human recombinant IFN 2a and reference substance 3H2O were injected in intervillous chamber and their behaviours in venous fetal and maternal circulations was followed. At steady state, in fetal circulation 3H2O concentration was 37% of injected rate whereas no IFN transfer rate was observed. In both venous circulations IFN amounts were lower than injected ones 56% versus of 82% for water (p < 0.05). IFN didn't cross placental filter and disappeared partially during placental contact.

Chorionic Villi↗