Brief report: Neural differentiation of a novel cell line, YCUS-5, established from proximal-type epithelioid sarcoma of a child.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Biomarkers↗
Biomedical subjects
H Goto
Publications and source records attributed to H Goto.
Keishi-bukuryo-gan prevents the progression of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbit.
In this study, we examined whether in vivo keishi-bukuryo-gan (a Kampo formulation) could prevent the progression of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits, an animal model for hypercholesterolaemia. Sixteen male Japanese white rabbits (2 kg body weight) were divided into two groups. Group A (n = 8) was fed standard rabbit chow containing 1% cholesterol for 8 weeks. Group B (n = 8) was fed standard rabbit chow containing 1% cholesterol and 1% keishi-bukuryo-gan for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, average plasma concentrations of total-cholesterol and IDL-cholesterol were 2055.9 +/- 201.8 mg/dL and 408.1 +/- 62.6 mg/dL in group A and 1950.5 +/- 126.3 mg/dL and 407.6 +/- 56.6 mg/dL in group B, respectively. The percentage of the surface area of the total thoracic aorta with visible plaque was significantly reduced by keishi-bukuryo-gan administration; group A was 33.2% +/- 5.3% and group B was 14.3% +/- 2.9%. beta-very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) isolated from cholesterol fed rabbits treated with keishi-bukuryo-gan (group B) were shown to be highly resistant to oxidative modification by cupric ion. Sera isolated from rabbits administered keishi-bukuryo-gan had reduced lipid peroxide formation compared with those from rabbits without keishi-bukuryo-gan. Thus, keishi-bukuryo-gan prevents the progression of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits in vivo by limiting oxidative LDL modification.
Animals↗
Effect of extract prepared from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora on endothelium-dependent relaxation and antioxidant enzyme activity in rats administered high-fat diet.
This study examined the effect of Paeoniae Radix (PR) on endothelial function and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) of erythrocytes in rats administered a high-fat diet. Administration of the extract of PR increased the endothelium-dependent relaxation and the activities of SOD compared with high the cholesterol diet group significantly. Hypercholesterolaemia induced an increase of endothelial superoxide anion and endothelial dysfunction. Paeoniae Radix is suggested to have a protective effect on endothelial cells and their function.
Animals↗
Feasibility of using the automatic generating system for quartz watches as a leadless pacemaker power source.
An automatic power-generating system (AGS) which converts kinetic energy into electric energy for quartz watches was tested as a power source for implantable cardiac pacemakers. An automatic power-generating mechanism and a capacitor (0.33 F) were removed from a quartz watch (SEIKO) and encapsulated in a polyvinyl case. Characteristics of the AGS were investigated by acceleration equipment. The capacitor in the AGS was charged to 2.0 V (0.66 J) by placing it on the equipment for about 30 minutes. The equipment has a 2 Hz cycle and generates +/- 1.7 G at the end of each half cycle. The AGS (fully charged to 2.0 V) was used as the power source for a pulse generator circuit built using commercially available CMOS IC. The circuit generated pulses of 0.5 ms width at 1 Hz (60 pulses min-1). The voltage of the AGS was maintained at 1.6 V while it was being charged by the accelerations. The generator supplied pulses of 0.75 V, 1.47 mA through a 510 omega load. With fully charged AGS, the generator was also used to pace a mongrel dog's heart at 140 beats min-1 for 60 minutes. During pacing, the AGS supplied 420 mJ to the circuit and the cardiac muscle. The AGS was placed on the right ventricular wall of the mongrel dog under anaesthesia. Energy of 80 mJ is stored in a capacitor by the heart beating at about 200 beats/min for 30 minutes. Thus the AGS generated 13 microJ per heart beat. This result suggests that the AGS may supply enough energy for use in a cardiac pacemaker.
Electric Power Supplies↗
A case of resectable lung adenocarcinoma associated with sarcoidosis.
A 71-year-old woman with uveitis was referred to our hospital for further examination of the possible underlying diseases. In roentgenological examination with plain X-ray and CT scan, hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy and a mass shadow in the right upper lung field was observed, whereas fibrotic changes were not obvious in both lung fields. Transbronchial lung biopsy with fiberoptic bronchoscope revealed granulomatous interstitial pneumonia. CD4-positive lymphocytes were increased in bronchoalveolar lavage. The patient was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. Subsequently, right upper lobectomy was performed, and Stage I lung adenocarcinoma was diagnosed. The patient is under follow up without medication and the disease has been stable for two years. A relationship between epithelioid granulomatosis and malignant diseases is discussed and a review of the literature is given. Since it is still controversial as to the incidence of malignant diseases in sarcoidosis patients, it is important to accumulate data on these associations.
Adenocarcinoma↗
A new method to evaluate ischemic heart disease: combined use of rest thallium-201 myocardial SPECT and Tc-99m exercise tetrofosmin first pass and myocardial SPECT.
We developed a new diagnostic method for simultaneously evaluating myocardial ischemia, myocardial viability and ventricular function in less than 90 minutes by combined use of rest thallium-201 (Tl) SPECT and exercise Tc-99m tetrofosmin (TF) first pass and SPECT. The subjects were 9 healthy controls, 19 angina pectoris patients, and 19 old myocardial infarction patients, in all of whom coronary angiography had been performed. Rest Tl myocardial SPECT was performed first, and was followed by exercise TF myocardial SPECT. We also performed first pass radionuclide angiography by TF during maximum exercise on a bicycle ergometer to assess the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The total examination time was less than 90 minutes. SPECT diagnosis was performed by semi-quantitative analysis. LVEF below 55% was regarded as abnormal. In the patients with angina pectoris, analysis according to the coronary artery showed that the diagnostic accuracy of SPECT was 85.0% for ischemia in the region of the left anterior descending branch (LAD), 87.5% for the left circumflex branch (LCX) and 77.8% for the right coronary artery (RCA). The accuracy of diagnosis for angina pectoris was 82.1%, as determined by SPECT alone, and rose to 89.3% when the LVEF levels were also taken into consideration. In the patients with old myocardial infarction, the diagnostic accuracy of SPECT was 84.2% for the LAD, 92.3% for the LCX and 85.0% for the RCA. Analysis by patients showed that the accuracy of diagnosis for myocardial infarction was 85.7%, as determined by SPECT alone. The diagnostic accuracy, however, rose to 89.3% when the LVEF levels also were taken into consideration. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that this combined diagnostic method was highly reliable for evaluating ischemic heart disease within a short time.
Aged↗
Usefulness of contrast-enhanced EUS in the diagnosis of upper GI tract diseases.
BACKGROUND: We evaluated the usefulness of contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract diseases. METHODS: The subjects were 42 patients with upper GI tract diseases: 4 esophageal carcinomas, 30 gastric carcinomas, 5 gastric myogenic tumors, and 3 gastric ulcers. After the lesion was observed by EUS, air-filled albumin (0.22 mL/kg) was intravenously injected at a rate of 1 mL/sec into the right cubital median vein, and observation was continued for 10 minutes. RESULTS: Enhancement of the third and fifth layers was observed in all normal esophageal and gastric walls. No esophageal carcinomas were enhanced. Enhancement was observed in 5 gastric carcinomas that had abundant, enlarged, and winding vascular beds. In all esophageal and the other 25 gastric carcinomas, although the tumors per se were not enhanced, enhancement of the third and fifth layers around the lesions clearly demarcated the tumor boundaries. As a result, accuracy for detection of the depth of gastric carcinoma improved from 76.7% for EUS to 90% for contrast-enhanced EUS. All gastric myogenic tumors were enhanced, and irregularly shaped sonolucent areas within these tumors became clear, but we could not distinguish between leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma. CONCLUSIONS: Contrast-enhanced EUS is a noninvasive, useful diagnostic method for assessment of the depth of invasion of esophageal and gastric carcinomas.
Adult↗
Effect of NK-104, a new synthetic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, on triglyceride secretion and fatty acid oxidation in rat liver.
For the investigation of the mechanism responsible for the hypotriglyceridemic effect of NK-104, a new synthetic inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol synthesis, isolated rat liver was perfused with or without NK-104 in the presence of exogenous [1-(14)C]oleic acid substrate. Addition of NK-104 tended to increase the ketone body production while it caused a significant decrease in the secretion rate of triglyceride by the perfused liver without affecting uptake of exogenous [1-(14)C]oleic acid. The inhibitor also significantly decreased hepatic triglyceride concentration. The altered triglyceride secretion was accompanied by a concomitant decreased incorporation of exogenous [1-(14)C]oleate into triglyceride. The conversion of exogenous [1-(14)C]oleic acid substrate indicated an inverse relationship between the pathways of oxidation and esterification. No effect of NK-104 on hepatic secretion of cholesterol was observed. These results suggest that NK-104 exerts its hypotriglyceridemic action, primarily by diverting the exogenous free fatty acid to the pathways of oxidation at the expense of esterification.
Animals↗
Involvement of superoxide and/or nitric oxide in renal tissue injury.
We examined the influence of superoxide (O2-) and/or nitric oxide (NO) on renal tissue injury estimated from the levels of lipid peroxidation and sulfhydryl (SH) oxidation. Pyrogallol, an O2- generator and precursor of hydrogen peroxide, produced marked tissue injury, but this was prevented by superoxide dismutase (SOD)/catalase (CAT). Hemoglobin (Hb), a NO scavenger, provided protection from tissue injury caused by sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The tissue injury produced by 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), which is thought to form peroxynitrite (ONOO-) as a simultaneous O2- and NO generator, was blocked by SOD/CAT or Hb. On the other hand, protein-SH and nonprotein-SH were significantly increased by addition of SOD/CAT or Hb. These data suggest that the renal tissue injury induced by O2-, NO and ONOO- can be blocked by SH, suggesting an important protective role against these reactive oxygen species in the mechanism of tissue defense.
Animals↗
Abdominal wall lift versus carbon dioxide insufflation for laparoscopic resection of ovarian tumors.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare changes in pulmonary mechanics and stress hormone responses between abdominal wall lift (gasless) and carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation laparoscopic surgery during controlled general anesthesia. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized clinical study. SETTING: Operating rooms at a university medical center. PATIENTS: 12 ASA physical status I and II female patients undergoing laparoscopic resection of ovarian tumors. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were divided into two groups of six each: the abdominal wall lift group and the CO2 pneumoperitoneum laparoscopic group. Following induction of anesthesia, patients were paralyzed and the trachea was intubated. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and nitrous oxide (N2O) in oxygen. Throughout the procedure, patients were mechanically ventilated with a tidal volume of 10 ml/kg and a respiratory rate of 10 breaths per minute. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: During the laparoscopic procedure, arterial blood gases, acid-base balance, pulmonary mechanics, stress-related hormones, and urine output were measured and recorded. In the CO2 pneumoperitoneum group, arterial CO2 tension increased (p < 0.01), dynamic pulmonary compliance decreased (p < 0.01), peak inspiratory airway pressure increased (p < 0.01), and plasma epinephrine (p < 0.05), norepinephrine (p < 0.05), dopamine (p < 0.01), and antidiuretic hormones (p < 0.05) increased significantly during the laparoscopic procedure as compared to the abdominal lift group. Adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol increased as compared to baseline value in both groups (p < 0.05). Urine output was significantly less (p < 0.01) in the CO2 pneumoperitoneum group than in the abdominal wall lift group. CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal wall lift laparoscopic surgery is physiologically superior to CO2 pneumoperitoneum laparoscopic surgery as seen during the conditions of this study. Abdominal wall lift laparoscopic surgery provides normal acid-base balance and a lesser degree of hormonal stress responses, it maintains urine output, and it avoids derangement of pulmonary mechanics.
Abdominal Muscles↗
Structure-physicochemical function relationships of soybean beta-conglycinin constituent subunits.
Beta-conglycinin, one of the dominant storage proteins of soybean, has a trimeric structure, being composed of three subunits alpha, alpha', and beta. The alpha and alpha' subunits contain the extension regions in addition to the core regions common to all subunits, which are N-glycosylated. Physicochemical functions of recombinant nonglycosylated individual subunits and deletion mutants (alpha(c) and alpha'(c)) lacking the extension regions of the alpha and alpha' subunits were examined at pH 7.6 and 3.7 at low (mu = 0.08) and high (mu = 0.5) ionic strengths. Although individual recombinant subunits exhibited different properties at all conditions, there were some consistencies. Surface hydrophobicities and thermal stabilities of the individual subunits were likely to be conferred by their core regions, and the carbohydrate moieties did not contribute to these properties at any conditions examined here. Solubility at mu = 0.08, heat-induced association, and emulsifying ability remarkably depended on the extension regions and the carbohydrate moieties in addition to the structural features of the core regions. These findings indicate that various end products could be produced by the selection of soybean varieties containing beta-conglycinin with different subunit compositions and suggest a direction for a principle of soybean breeding.
Antigens, Plant↗
Papillary renal cell carcinoma: clinicopathological characteristics and evaluation of prognosis in 42 patients.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinicopathological characteristics of histologically defined papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in relation to prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In total, 768 patients with RCC underwent nephrectomy at our university hospital between 1957 and 1995. RCC was classified into clear-cell carcinoma in 689 patients (89.7%, no follow-up in 14), chromophobe cell carcinoma in 36 (4.7%, no follow-up in two) and papillary RCC in 43 (5.6%, no follow-up in one). In the present study, the 42 patients with papillary RCC who underwent nephrectomy and were followed up were those in whom the clinicopathological features of the papillary RCC were assessed. Factors assessed were the presence or absence of foam-cell infiltration, occurrence of bleeding and/or necrosis, presence or absence of a pseudocapsule, mixed occurrence with clear-cell carcinoma, presence or absence of solid variants, cytoplasmic appearance (basophilic vs eosinophilic cells), stage, nuclear grade of malignancy, and angiographic appearance in relation to prognosis. The prognosis was also compared among patients with clear-cell, chromophobe cell and papillary RCC. RESULTS: The prognosis was significantly better in patients with foam-cell infiltration (P=0.03), with a pseudocapsule (P=0.07), with no solid variants (P=0.001) and with basophilic cells (P<0.001). There were also significant differences in survival between patients with low-stage (1+2) and high-stage (3+4) disease (P=0.003), and among grades 1-3 (grade 1 vs 2, P=0.05; grade 1 vs 3, P<0.001, grade 2 vs 3, P=0.006). Furthermore, the prognosis in patients with papillary RCC was worse than in those with chromophobe cell carcinoma (P=0.02), but there was no significant difference in survival between patients with papillary RCC and those with clear-cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION: The clinicopathological features (e.g. the presence or absence of foam cells, of a pseudocapsule and of solid variants, cytoplasmic appearance, and the stage and nuclear grade of malignancy) are important prognostic factors for patients with papillary RCC. Furthermore, the prognosis in patients with papillary RCC is similar to those with clear-cell carcinoma.
Adolescent↗
Codon 54 polymorphism of the fatty acid binding protein gene and insulin resistance in the Japanese population.
AIM: To determine the relationship of the polymorphism at codon 54 of the intestinal fatty acid binding protein gene (FABP2) with insulin resistance and susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in the Japanese population. METHODS: We evaluated the polymorphism by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 150 Type 2 DM patients and 147 healthy control subjects. The frequency of alleles encoding threonine (Thr54) and alanine (Ala54) at codon 54 of FABP2 in Type 2 DM patients was compared with that of healthy controls. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by the hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp in Type 2 DM patients with Ala54 homozygotes, Ala54/Thr54 heterozygotes and Thr54 homozygotes and by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) in the nondiabetic group. RESULTS: The frequency of alleles encoding Ala54 and Thr54 was 0.59 and 0.41 in Type 2 DM patients, respectively, similar to that observed in nondiabetic controls (0.64 for Ala54 and 0.36 for Thr54). Insulin sensitivity was not significantly different between subjects with and without Thr54 allele either within the DM group or healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: The allele encoding threonine in the FABP2 does not predispose to Type 2 DM or insulin resistance in the Japanese population.
Carrier Proteins↗
Myasthenic crisis with delayed recovery after plasmapheresis.
We report on 2 elderly patients with myasthenia gravis in whom recovery from crisis was prolonged despite intensive plasmapheresis (PP). In both patients, the anti-acetylcholine (anti-AChR) titer failed to fall sufficiently after completing PP. These patients might have had antibodies that produced a more pronounced effect on the degradation of AChR, or the synthesis of AChR might have been reduced by aging. The anti-AChR titer did not correlate with a reduction of IgG after PP in 1 patient. Successful treatment was achieved by keeping the anti-AChR titer at a low level via the concomitant use of prednisolone with PP.
Aged↗
Endoscopic resection of laterally spreading tumours of the large intestine using a distal attachment.
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Among colorectal neoplasms, laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) are lesions over 10 mm in diameter that are low in height and grow superficially. As most LSTs are adenomas or mucosal carcinomas, endoscopic resection is desirable, but this has been not easy because of their flat and wide shape. The aim of this study was to explore the usefulness of a distal attachment to the endoscope in the endoscopic resection of LSTs. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 23 patients with an LST of the large intestine. Using a distal attachment fitted to the distal end of the endoscope, saline solution with a low concentration of epinephrine was injected underneath the lesion. The lesion was snared and drawn into the cap using the suction function of the endoscope, and then ligated and resected using electrocautery. RESULTS: The size of the lesions ranged from 1 cm to 5cm. Endoscopic resection was completed in 22 of 23 patients. Resection in one segment was successful in 15 of 22 patients; in the remaining seven patients, piece-meal resection was done. Pathological investigation showed hyperplasia in one patient, adenoma in 20 (with mild atypia 1, moderate atypia 11, severe atypia 8), and mucosal carcinoma in one patient. Complications occurred in two patients, with one instance of perforation and another of bleeding. Both were successfully treated with endoscopic clipping. Recurrent adenoma was detected in one patient. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the distal attachment was very useful for endoscopically resecting LSTs of the large intestine.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
Intrarenal handling of recombinant human interleukin-1alpha in rats: mechanism for proximal tubular protein reabsorption.
The intrarenal distribution of recombinant human interleukin (IL)-la was studied in Sprague-Dawley male rats by immunohistochemical staining. The effects of the concurrent administration of various proteins or synthetic polypeptides on the urinary excretion of IL-1alpha were also studied to clarify the mechanism(s) for the reabsorption of IL-la in the renal tubules. Microscopic immunohistochemistry showed that IL-1alpha distributed to early proximal convoluted tubules but not to glomeruli, Henle's loops, distal tubules, or collecting ducts. Electron microscopic immunohistochemistry showed that IL-la was taken up into the endocytic vesicle located close to the apical membrane of the proximal tubular epithelial cells, then accumulated in lysosomes. Urinary excretion of intravenous IL-la at 500 microg/kg was extremely low, accounting for only 0.014% of the dose administered. The coadministration of intravenous human serum albumin did not affect the urinary excretion of IL-1alpha, whereas trypsinogen, myoglobin, and trypsin inhibitor dose-dependently produced an increase in the excretion of IL-la, the potency of which was greatest in that order. Poly-L-lysine, but not poly-L-glutamic acid dose-dependently increased the urinary excretion of IL-1alpha. These results indicate that most of the glomerular filtrated IL-1alpha could be easily reabsorbed into the proximal tubular cells via endocytosis, and the reabsorption was inhibited by coadministered low molecular weight proteins, particularly basic proteins. This result suggests that scavengers with a negative charge and broad binding ability for glomerular filtered proteins exist on the surface of the apical membrane of proximal tubular cells and play an important role in the reabsorption of filtered proteins.
Absorption↗
Are autoantibodies against Lewis antigens involved in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori-induced peptic ulcers?
We examined whether anti-Lewis x (Le(x)) and y (Le(y)) autoantibodies affect the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori-induced peptic ulcers. Of 11 patients with peptic ulcers, 10 patients had both anti-Le(x) and -Le(y) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, and 1 patient had only anti-Le(x) antibody. After successful eradication, we measured the serum titer of anti-Le(x) and -Le(y) antibodies. Six patients had a reduction of the titers of anti-Le(x) and/or -Le(y) antibodies, whereas no notable changes were detected in 5 patients in the follow-up. This result suggests that anti-Le(x) and -Le(y) autoantibodies had no critical role in the development of H. pylori-induced peptic ulcer.
Autoantibodies↗
An evaluation of three-dimensional ultrasonography for the measurement of gallbladder volume.
OBJECTIVE: Various three-dimensional ultrasonography systems have been developed. We estimated the accuracy of a three-dimensional ultrasonography system for measuring gallbladder volume and compared the results to the sum-of-cylinders method. METHODS: In an in vitro study, 10 balloons of various shapes, sized 5-68 mL were scanned by real-time ultrasonography. In an in vivo study, we evaluated the gallbladder emptying of 14 healthy male volunteers after ingestion of two raw egg yolks. In both studies, volume measurement was performed by the three-dimensional ultrasonography method and the sum-of-cylinders method. RESULTS: With the three-dimensional ultrasonography method, the mean difference between the measured volume and the true volume and the limits of agreement were smaller than those of the sum-of-cylinders method. Gallbladder volumes did not differ significantly with both ultrasound methods. CONCLUSION: The three-dimensional ultrasonography method accurately determined gallbladder volumes.
Adult↗