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Biomedical subjects

H Goodglass

Publications and source records attributed to H Goodglass.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Comprehension strategies determining reference in aphasia: a study of reflexivization.

This study explored the comprehension of reference in aphasia as reflected in reflexivization. A total of 132 test sentences were used consisting of two basic syntactic frames varying in the minimal distance principle and in the type of cues available in the sentence (syntax, syntax and morphology, syntax and lexical, and syntax, morphology, and lexical) for determining pronominal reference. Fifteen patients, five Broca's, five Conduction, and five Wernicke's, were asked to point to the picture (of two) corresponding to the auditorily presented test sentence. Results indicated that aphasic patients as a whole comprehend reference; however, their performance varied depending on the nature of the cues available in the sentence. All groups were impaired when only syntactic cues were available and showed a significant decrement in performance when the test sentence violated the minimal distance principle. As additional cues other than syntactic structure were provided, performance level increased. All groups, including the Broca's aphasics, showed only slight improvement with the presence of morphological cues. Wernicke's aphasic's performance was particularly vulnerable when lexical cues were added to syntactic cues. These results suggest that evaluation of a patient's deficit in sentence comprehension requires analysis of those attributes of the sentence contributing to its overall semantic interpretation.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Lexical creativity during instances of word-finding difficulty: Broca's vs. Wernicke's aphasia.

Lexical innovation--the creation of a word by combining existing morphemes in a novel way (e.g. "map ball" for "globe")--was evaluated as a method for circumventing word-finding difficulty in Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia. Aphasic groups were matched for naming performance and compared to a control group of normal adults matched for age and education. Lexical innovations were collected during the administration of a confrontation naming test, and were then analyzed in terms of the correctness of morpheme combination, semantic accuracy, novelty, and communicative effectiveness. An innovation was considered to be communicatively effective when its intended referent was understood by a naive judge. The lexical innovations of the two aphasic groups were diametrically opposed: as compared to both Broca's aphasics and normal adults, Wernicke's aphasics innovated significantly less often, and their innovations were significantly inferior in terms of: semantic precision, the proper construction of morpheme combination, and communicative effectiveness. This pattern suggests that lack of verbal fluency may be compatible with lexical creativity, while empty logorrheic speech may be an impediment to lexical creativity. Similarly, we conclude that the agrammatism of Broca's asphasia does not interfere with lexical innovation, while the paragrammatism of Wernicke's aphasia does interfere with lexical innovation, thus suggesting that paragrammatism affects morpheme combination at the word level as well as the sentence level.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1983

Contrasting cases of Italian agrammatic aphasia without comprehension disorder.

Two patients with agrammatic speech and unimpaired comprehension are presented and contrasted. Case 1 had an infarction involving precentral gyrus, subjacent white matter, and posterior and superior aspects of the insula, largely sparing Broca's area. His speech was slow and dysarthric, consisting of short disconnected phrases with some omission of lexical verbs. Case 2 had an unusual transient aphasia of acute onset without hemiplegia; speech rate, articulation, and sentence length and complexity appeared normal. Both patients tended to omit function words and finite verb inflections, but Case 2 did so much more than did Case 1. Neither patient showed impairment in any other area of language performance. Tentatively, Case 2 is described as being more morphologically impaired but less syntactically impaired than Case 1, while neither has damage to a central language processor.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Mouth asymmetry during spontaneous speech.

A high proportion of normal subjects have speech expression controlled predominantly by the left hemisphere. Since the left hemisphere also has stronger control of the right side of the lower face, it might be expected that normal subjects would show a right-sided asymmetry in mouth opening during speech. This hypothesis was tested by measuring lip opening in 196 subjects. Of these, 150 (76%) showed greater right-side opening. This tendency was found for males, females, left- and right-handers in four experiments using two different techniques. Mouth asymmetry during speech may provide an indication of which hemisphere is dominant for expressive speech.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

WAIS performance IQ in aphasia as a function of auditory comprehension and constructional apraxia.

This study investigated differences in nonverbal intelligence between diagnostic subgroups of aphasics using the Performance Tests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). Subjects were 98 right-handed hospitalized males with unilateral left-hemisphere damage who had unambiguous clinical diagnoses of Broca's, Anomic, Conduction, Mixed Non-Fluent, Wernicke's, or Global aphasia. Group differences were examined using the WAIS Performance IQ (PIQ), and subscores for spatial organization (Block Design and Object Assembly) and for verbalizability (Picture Completion and Picture Arrangement). There were significant group differences for each WAIS score, determined by the impaired performance of the Global aphasics. With covariance correction for level of auditory comprehension, group differences were eliminated on the verbalizable subtests, but not on the spatial organization subtests. Covarying for level of constructional apraxia (assessed with drawings, sticks, and blocks), however, eliminated group differences for both subscores. Using demographic, neurological, and linguistic variables, multiple regression analyses confirmed the covariate analysis findings; constructional apraxia was the most predictive variable for both spatial and verbalizability subscores, while auditory comprehension and education level predicted performance on the verbalizable subtests.

Anomia↗
PubMed1982

Aphasic reading and writing: possible evidence for right hemisphere participation.

Aphasic patients performed two tasks, reading aloud and writing to dictation. In both tasks, success was positively correlated to the emotionality, the imageability and the frequency of the target words. In addition, the patients made more semantic Also, the relative difficulty of words was similar for aphasic patients to read and for normal male subjects to recognize in the left visual field. These results suggest that the performance of the aphasic patients on these language tasks were mediated in part by the right hemisphere.

Agraphia↗
PubMed1981

Language function, foot of the third frontal gyrus, and rolandic operculum.

Two cases with expressive speech disorders were studied neuropsychologically and neurologically; anatomical and histopathological examinations were performed in both cases. In case 1, a small infarction in the foot of the left third frontal gyrus (F3) produced only transient word-finding difficulties that did not recur after a second stroke with lesion of the symmetrical zone in the right hemisphere. A transient, predominantly articulatory difficulty was observed in case 2; this was thought to be associated with a small infarction in the lower motor strip, including the Rolandic operculum. On the basis of the literature and our two cases, it may be concluded that overlapping lesions of these two areas play an important role in the development of persistent Broca's aphasia and that each of these two areas may be responsible for different components of the speech production: work-finding difficulties being associated with lesions of posterior F3 and articulatory disorders with lesions of the Rolandic operculum.

Aphasia, Broca↗
PubMed1981

Dissociated awareness of manual performance on two different visual associative tasks: a "split-brain" phenomenon in normal subjects?

Subjects performed two visual category matching tasks. One task, shown in previous work to exhibit a left hemisphere superiority, was to decide if two different pictures represented the same object. In this task, verbal corrections of manual responses were usually correct (93%), indicating good verbal awareness of the task. The other task, previously shown to exhibit a right hemisphere superiority, was to decide if two different pictures represented the same emotional facial expression. Here, verbal corrections were random (58%), indicating poor verbal awareness of the task. The apparent dissociation of verbal and manual responses for the emotional expression matching task resembles results obtained with "split brain" patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Narrative strategies of aphasic and normal-speaking subjects.

A Picture Story Test for eliciting narrative speech was administered to five patients in each of the subgroups of Broca's and Wernicke's aphasic subjects and matched controls. While Wernicke's subjects and normal-speaking subjects did not differ significantly total output, the proportion of significant target lexemes was four times as great for normal-speaking subjects as for Wernicke's aphasic subjects. Broca's aphasic subjects, in spite of their telegraphic output, also had a smaller proportion of target lexemes than normal speakers. The proportion of nouns to verbs was elevated in the speech of Broca's asphasic subjects and depressed in the speech of Wernicke's aphasic subjects. Grammatical complexity was reduced in Wernicke's aphasic subjects, who used simple concatenation much more often than normal-speaking subjects. The Picture Story Test is suggeted as a clinically useful technique.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1980

[The role of the right hemisphere in reading (author's transl)].

Two tests were applied to demonstrate the specific role of the right hemisphere during reading of highly emotionally-charged words; recognition of words presented simultaneously to the tachistoscope in each visual half-field of normal subjects, and reading aloud by aphasic patients. The comparison of the results obtained in the two tests suggests that the right hemisphere plays a major functional role in aphasic subjects.

Aphasia↗