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Biomedical subjects

H Goldman

Publications and source records attributed to H Goldman.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The hyperechogenic liver in children: cause and sonographic appearance.

The clinical records of 28 patients seen in one institution during a recent 2 year period who, on sonography, had been identified as having a hyperechogenic (bright) liver were reviewed. Seven children were diagnosed as having metabolic diseases, four were malnourished, four were receiving hyperalimentation, 10 were receiving chemotherapy, and three were undiagnosed. The sonograms of all the patients and the histologic sections on those who had biopsies, were reevaluated in order to assess the sonographic pattern in greater detail, and these findings were correlated with fatty infiltration and fibrosis of the liver. The bright liver corresponded to the pathologic finding of fatty change. This sonographic finding in children is important, as further evaluation (hepatic biopsy with fat stain, enzymatic analyses, amino acid screens) can be suggested to identify underlying metabolic disorders in those not on therapy. Often the complications of metabolic diseases can be prevented or delayed by early diagnosis and appropriate therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Dynamic time course studies of the spontaneously diabetic BB Wistar rat. III. Light-microscopic and ultrastructural observations of pancreatic islets of Langerhans.

The pancreatic islet alterations were studied in spontaneously diabetic BB Wistar rats and in young (50 and 65 days old) normoglycemic BB rats with the use of light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. Three groups of diabetic rats were delineated: 1) early diabetes (1-3 days after detection of glycosuria), 2) stable diabetes (41-63 days after detection), and 3) unstable diabetes (7-22 days after detection). In early diabetes islets were extensively infiltrated by "activated" lymphocytes and macrophages, and B cells demonstrated marked degranulation, injury, and necrosis. Although no consistent changes were recorded in A cells, D cells appeared to be decreased in number. In stable and unstable diabetes, islets were small and markedly depleted of B cells, although more insulin-containing cells were identified in the stable group. The number of A and D cells appeared normal in the stable group, although some A cells appeared altered ultrastructurally. In the unstable group both A and D cells appeared decreased, and ultrastructurally altered A cells were again noted. These findings suggest that although B cells appear to be the principal islet target in this model, A and D cells also sustain cellular injury. Variable degrees of insulitis, B cell degranulation, and necrosis were documented in 65-day-old normoglycemic BB rats, suggesting that the destructive process in the islets is initiated well in advance of the onset of the clinical syndrome. The pancreases from many diabetic and normoglycemic BB rats also demonstrated mononuclear cell infiltrates distinct from insulitis in periductular and/or acinar locations. These infiltrates, not present in controls, appear to represent an additional morphologic expression of the process responsible for initiating the diabetic state.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Intraepithelial eosinophils: a new diagnostic criterion for reflux esophagitis.

Intraepithelial eosinophils in esophageal biopsy specimens were noted to be an indicator of prolonged acid reflux. The presence of even a few intraepithelial eosinophils correlated with abnormal acid clearance determined by overnight intraesophageal pH probe study. This new marker also appeared to be an early lesion, as evidence by its presence in children under age 2 yr, and in biopsy specimens from the proximal esophagus where traditional histometric features (basal zone thickening and papillary lengthening) were lacking. Furthermore, when intraepithelial eosinophils were seen in the proximal 75% of the esophagus, they served to identify more severe disease by correlation with greater abnormalities in the pH probe study. Although this new marker is a histologic indication of prolonged acid reflux and may be appreciated in routine endoscopic biopsy specimens in children, it has been observed in patients over 18 yr of age and may be applicable to the adult population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

An analog of ACTH/MSH4-9, ORG-2766, reduces permeability of the blood-brain barrier.

Regional uptakes of a diffusion-limited substance, antipyrine, were compared to those of a highly diffusible substance, iodoantipyrine, in brains of conscious, unrestrained rats. The method included simultaneous measurements of regional cerebral blood flow. Within 10 min after intravenous injection of a behaviorally active analog of ACTH/MSL4-9, ORG-2766, the relative extraction of antipyrine was reduced in most regions of the brain, significantly in hypothalamus, hippocampus, parietal cortex and frontal cortex. The occipital cortex and brain stem were least affected. Since the flow of blood was not changed significantly in any region at this time, we conclude that the changes in extraction reflect a reduction in permeability of the blood-brain barrier. These results suggest that the behavioral responses to peripherally administered fragments of ACTH/MSH may depend, in part, on some action in the blood-brain barrier. These observations also suggest a mechanism by which such peptides may influence the behavioral effects of diffusion-limited drugs.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1981

Cyclic AMP in female mouse brain is altered by the adrenocorticotropic hormone(4-9) analogue organon 2766.

Cyclic AMP content was determined in 12 brain regions of young adult female mice at 30 min and at 24 h following an intraperitoneal injection of the tri-substituted adrenocorticotropic hormone(4-9) [ACTH(4-9)] analogue Organon 2766 [ORG 2766]. Animals were killed by focused 3.5 kW microwave radiation applied for 350 ms. Unlike previously reported responses in male mice, at 30 min post-injection there were no detectable differences in cyclic AMP content between the placebo and ORG 2766-treated animals. By contrast, 24 h after injection, the content of cyclic AMP was changed significantly in 8 of the 12 brain regions examined: medulla-pons, septal area, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, and parietal and occipital cortices. In most of the regions examined, differences consisted of 50% or greater reductions of tissue cyclic AMP content. The changes were unrelated to the estrus cycle of these animals.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1981

Effects of nicotine on uterine blood flow and intrauterine oxygen tension in the rat.

Subcutaneous injection of nicotine (0.5 or 5 mg/kg body wt) resulted in a marked and prolonged reduction in uterine blood flow and intrauterine oxygen tension in pseudopregnant rats. By 10 min after nicotine administration (5 mg/kg) uterine perfusion was reduced by 40%, remained suppressed for 90 min and returned to the pre-treatment level by 120 min. Rats receiving the 0.5 mg nicotine/kg also showed a marked reduction in uterine blood flow, although the response was slower in onset and longer in duration. Nicotine (5 mg/kg) also resulted in a sustained decrease in intrauterine oxygen tension from a control value of 48.9 +/- 3.6 to 22.2 +/- 2.6 mmHg at 45--60 min and 21.7 +/- 1.5 mmHg at 60--90 min. The frequency and amplitude of fluctuations in intrauterine oxygen tension were still reduced by 90 min after treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Metabolic abnormalities in the idiopathic Fanconi syndrome: studies of carbohydrate metabolism in two patients.

Two patients with idiopathic Fanconi syndrome and glucose intolerance were studied from a metabolic perspective. They had fasting hyperglycemia, massive glucosuria, insulinopenia, ketosis, and elevated serum free fatty acids. There was a markedly blunted insulin secretory response to glucagon, tolbutamide, glucose, and arginine. One patient had the findings of diabetic retinopathy and a sensory neuropathy. Neither patient could convert galactose to glucose, but they did not have galactosemia. As a result of these studies, and previous reports in which similar changes were noted, we conclude that diabetes mellitus may occur in patients who have had idiopathic Fanconi syndrome for many years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Crohn's disease in the elderly.

To determine the features of Crohn's disease in elderly patients we reviewed the charts, roentgenograms and pathology of patients with Crohn's disease admitted to our hospital from 1966 through 1979. Thirty-three patients (5.2% of the total) had the onset of symptoms and diagnosis made after age 60, including 18 (55%) with ileitis alone, 11 with colitis and four with ileocolitis. Six patients were seen, four with colitis and two with ileocolitis, with acute toxicity requiring early surgery. The clinical, radiographic and histologic characteristics of the disorder in older patients were otherwise similar to those described in younger patients. Differentiation of ischemic bowel disease and diverticulitis from Crohn's disease in such patients was difficult without reliance on histologic as well as clinical and roentgenographic features. Fifty-eight per cent of these older patients eventually required surgery, including 10 of 11 (91%) with colitis, two fo four with ileocolitis and seven of 18 (39%) with ileitis. The cumulative clinical recurrence rate, limited to patients with ileal disease, was 21% at nine years and 37% at 15 years.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Proctitis and colitis following diversion of the fecal stream.

Inflammation limited to excluded segments of the colon was observed in 10 patients without prior inflammatory bowel disease who had undergone colostomy or ileostomy for various indications. With the exception of 1 patient who complained of mucoid rectal discharge, the patients were asymptomatic when the lesion was discovered; 2 others subsequently developed mild symptoms. The proctoscopic findings were similar in appearance to those of mild ulcerative colitis. In 8 of 10 patients the inflammatory changes were confined to the distal few centimeters of the rectum, while in the remaining 2 patients the entire excluded segment was affected. Microscopic alterations were focal and included crypt abscesses, epithelial cell degeneration, acute and chronic inflammation in the lamina propria, and regenerative changes in the crypts. The inflammation persisted for as long as 8 yr in the 5 patients who did not have restoration of intestinal continuity, but subsided in the 5 patients whose colostomies were closed. The prior as subsequent clinical courses of these patients, together with the focal, nonspecific microscopic features, strongly suggest that the inflammation in these patients resulted from diversion of the fecal stream and was not a recognized form of specific or idiopathic colitis. Diversion-related colitis must not be confused with other forms of inflammation since this may result in improper therapy and/or delay in treatment of the condition for which the fecal diversion was performed.

Adult↗