d-Amphetamine effects on attention and memory in the albino and hooded rat.
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Analysis of Variance↗
Biomedical subjects
H Goldman
Publications and source records attributed to H Goldman.
MSH affects regional perfusion of the brain.
With the single exception of the occipital cortex, the flow of blood to most regions of the brains of conscious, unrestrained rats was reduced within 10 min after intravenous administration of alphaMSH. Though these effects were transitory for most regions of the brain, perfusion of cerebellum, pons and medulla, hippocampus, and parietal cortex was still significantly low by 20 min. Assuming that flow changes reflect functional changes, these early responses to alphaMSH suggest an explanation for the effects of this hormone in which visual learning is improved.
Animals↗
An analog of ACTH/MSH (4-9), ORG-2766, reduces cerebral uptake of morphine.
The uptake of morphine was significantly reduced in most regions of the brains of conscious, unrestrained rats within 10 minutes after treatment with an analog of ACTH/MSH (4-9), ORG-2766. The effect was most obvious in regions with significant densities of enkephalin receptors, namely basal ganglia, hippocampus and cortex. The results explain, in part, how some fragments and analogs of ACTH/MSH may antagonize behavioral actions of morphine, even though some of these peptides lack significant opiate receptor binding properties. We believe that this effect of ORG-2766 is related to an action on the permeability characteristics of the brain microvasculature. The underlying mechanism is unknown.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
Reduction of amygdaloid kindled seizures by an analog of ACTH/MSH.
A behaviorally potent analog of ACTH/MSH(4-9), ORG-2766, markedly reduces both physiologic and behavioral components of convulsive seizures in an animal model of epilepsy--the amygdaloid kindled rat. We believe that such non-endocrine analogs of ACTH/MSH fragments may be clinically useful anticonvulsants, particularly in chronic applications, provided that their permeation of the blood-brain barrier can be improved.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
Correlation of behavioral and cerebrovascular functions in the aging rat.
Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), maze performance and the influence of environmental enrichment on these parameters were studied in Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6, 12 and 24 months. Learning ability in a complex sequential T-maze (Stone maze) progressively declined with increasing age in rats which were normally housed in standard caging. Environmental enrichment significantly improved maze performance but did not prevent the age-dependent impairment. Following completion of the learning studies, rCBF was measured in each of 13 brain regions in conscious, unrestrained, resting animals. In the absence of any significant change in cardiac output over the entire age range, rCBF was lower in all brain regions by an average of 16% in 12-14 month old rats and 8% in aged rats (24-26 months old); the occipital cortex, inferior and superior colliculi and hypothalamus were particularly affected regions in both age groups. The sharp reduction of rCBF that occurred between 6 and 12 months of age did not reflect, and probably preceded the progressive decline in maze performance. Such highly significant age-related changes in rCBF were not affected, however, by environmental enrichment procedures. This contrasts with the substantial influence of enrichment on maze performance. Finally, mean brain blood flow and mean cortical blood flow correlated inversely and significantly with average daily numbers of errors made by 24 month old rats during Stone maze acquisition.
Aging↗
Cerebrovascular permeability and cognition in the aging rat.
Regional cerebrovascular permeability-capillary surface area products (rPS) and brain vascular space (BVS) were measured in aging, conscious, unrestrained Sprague-Dawley rats. Three groups of animals were examined: young-mature (6 months), middle-aged (12-14 months), and old (24-26 months) rats. Complex maze learning had been previously characterized in these same animals. Maze learning declined with age. Brain vascular space did not differ significantly with age in any brain region. However, small, but significant age-dependent decreases in rPS (25-33%) were observed. These decreases occurred mainly in the old animals in the basal ganglia and parietal cortex, and in the middle-aged and old rats in the olfactory bulbs. Significant and unexpected positive average correlations between brain permeability-capillary surface area products (PS) and learning errors occurred primarily in young rats and were attributable mainly to changes in 5 of 14 brain regions; hypothalamus, hippocampus, parietal cortex, septal area and superior colliculus. The higher correlations between maze learning errors and PS in young animals may indicate dynamic regulation of this cerebrovascular parameter which is lessened with aging. Average correlations between PS and cerebral blood flow also were determined and found to be generally small and not significant for most brain regions and age groups.
Aging↗
Age-related changes in regional cerebral blood flow and behavior in Sprague-Dawley rats.
Studies of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were carried out in male, Sprague-Dawley rats at ages 6, 12 and 24 months. These animals were characterized behaviorally for their ability to learn a complex 14-choice sequential T-maze (i.e., Stone maze) for food reward. Old animals (i.e., 24 month) demonstrated a clear and consistent impairment in maze performance which correlated significantly with decreased cortical blood flow. The results are discussed in relation to cerebral blood flow studies in aging humans and as they relate to the use of rats, the Sprague-Dawley strain in particular, to study brain aging.
Aging↗
More on washed red blood cells.
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Blood Transfusion↗
Pyloric stenosis and eosinophilic gastroenteritis in infants.
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is known to cause gastric outlet obstruction in adults, but has been reported only rarely in infants presenting with pyloric stenosis, a common form of gastric outlet obstruction in children. We describe two infants who presented with classic clinical and radiographic evidence of pyloric stenosis and who were found to have histologic evidence of eosinophilic gastroenteritis on gastric antral biopsies. Their presentation is compared with the clinical and laboratory findings of 47 other infants with pyloric stenosis.
Dietary Proteins↗
Sociopathy: an experiment in internal environmental control.
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Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
Effect of addition of Cafpo3 to a zinc oxide-eugenol base liner on the michrohardeness and fluoride content of dentin.
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Calcium Phosphates↗
Endothelial cell activation following moderate traumatic brain injury.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) initiates a cascade of acute and chronic injury responses which include disturbances in the cerebrovasculature that may result in the activation of the microvascular endothelial development of a dysfunction endothelium. The present study examines endothelial cell (EC) activation in a percussion model of moderate TBI. The criteria for endothelial activation used in these studies was surface expression of a number of markers collectively termed endothelial activation antigens. Temporal induction of the major histocompatibility (MHC) class II molecules, E-selectin (CD62E), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VACM-1) (CD106) as well as altered expression of constitutively expressed intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (CD54), the glucose transporter protein (glut-1), the transferrin receptor (tfR) (CD71), and MHC class I molecules was examined at various times following impact. Induction of E-selectin and increased expression of ICAM-1 was seen by 2 h post-impact (PI) and was sustained through 24 h PI. Decreased expression of immunologically reactive glut-1 and tfR was observed by 2-4 h PI and remained low up to 24 h PI. No induction of VCAM-1, MHC class II molecules or altered constitutive expression or MHC class I molecules was seen. Changes in EC activation were observed predominantly at the site of impact and were diminished temporarily. These results indicate that mild concussive injury to the brain results in activation of the endothelium.
ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters↗
Infection by human cytomegalovirus and rubella virus of cultured human fetal islets of Langerhans.
Several viruses are implicated in the pathogenesis of pancreatic beta cell destruction and the onset of insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus (IDDM). However, it is still controversial as to whether viral infection can exert direct cytopathic effects on beta cells. We have studied the effect of infection by human cytomegalovirus (CMV) and rubella virus on human fetal pancreatic islets in tissue culture. Although morphological changes were observed in CMV-inoculated islet cells, such infection did not lead to changes in levels of secreted immunoreactive insulin. On the other hand, infection by rubella virus did lead to significantly lower levels of immunoreactive insulin in the absence of demonstrable cytopathic effect. These results indicate that viral infection of human pancreatic islet tissue can occur as demonstrated through tissue culture techniques, and that such infection leads to changes in levels of secreted insulin in some cases but not others.
Cell Transformation, Viral↗
Maturation of human fetal and infantile thymic cells in tissue culture.
Human fetal and infantile thymic epithelial (TE) cells were grown in tissue culture and were phenotypically characterized using monoclonal antibodies reactive against a number of individual components of human thymus. Cultures of infantile TE cells formed confluent monolayers after 14-17 days. This was accompanied by a dramatic increase in numbers of Hassall's corpuscles, septae formation and pseudolobulation. After 3 weeks in culture, the rate of cell growth slowed, and by 4 weeks an accumulation of fat cells was noted. Involution of the cultures occurred after this time. In contrast, cultures of fetal TE cells achieved confluence after only 6-8 days, and increased numbers of Hassall's corpuscles, septae formation and pseudo-lobulation could be observed after only 10 days. Fat cells appeared after 3 weeks in culture and involution occurred soon after. Cells which reacted with monoclonal antibodies specific for keratin and GQ ganglioside were predominant during the early stages of tissue culture. These cells ceased to play as important a role with increased time in culture; in contrast, cells reactive with monoclonal antibodies specific for distinct thymic components increased in number as time in culture progressed.
Aging↗
Effect of cytomegalovirus on lectin-driven mitogenesis of human thymic and peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV), when added to cultures of either thymic or peripheral blood lymphocytes, was able to prevent these cells from responding to mitogenic stimulus. This effect was only obtained when live virus was utilized, and is apparently dependent on the ability of such virus to establish abortive infections in the cell cultures. CMV-infected cultures became deficient in terms of ability both to produce interleukin-2 (IL-2) activity as well as to respond to purified, recombinant IL-2 which was added exogenously. Similar results were obtained using either a laboratory strain (AD-169) of CMV or freshly-obtained clinical isolates of this virus which had been grown in tissue culture.
Adult↗
[Sociopathy and disorders of vigilance].
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Amines↗
Resuscitation. Myocardial infarction--diagnosis and treatment.
This article provides a comprehensive account of the pathophysiology and treatment of myocardial infarction and offers guidelines related to the nurse's role in caring for patients who are in the acute phase of this condition.
Cardiovascular Agents↗