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Biomedical subjects

H Goldman

Publications and source records attributed to H Goldman.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Attempted retrograde cannulation of the ampulla: a probable cause of mass in the pancreas.

Two patients developed a focal mass in the head of the pancreas presumably following attempted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). These lesions grossly mimicked carcinomas of the pancreas. In one case a radical pancreatoduodenectomy was performed because of the misleading gross findings. A focal mass in the pancreas following ERCP may develop due to asymptomatic pancreatitis caused by the procedure.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

The relationship between independent neuropsychological and neurological detection and localization of cerebral impairment.

Seventy-eight patients referred to the Neurology Service of St. Louis Veterans Administration Hospital were independently diagnosed by a neurologist and a psychologist. The latter utilized the Halstead Neuropsychological Test Battery, a series of tests known to be a sensitive indicator of the presence and localization of cerebral impairment. The following diagnostic categories were used: no brain damage, localized left hemisphere impairment, localized right hemisphere impairment, diffuse, diffuse with greater left hemisphere impairment, and diffuse with greater right impairment. Diagnostic agreement was present in all but five cases. Statistical analyses of data from the Halstead Battery supported the clinical analyses in terms of indicating both the presence and, to a lesser degree, the location of organic impairment. Advantages of describing the consequences of organic impairment in objectively measured, quantifiable behavioral terms were discussed and an illustrative case history was presented. It was concluded that psychological test data are a clinically useful supplement to neurological diagnostic information.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Use of 14C-antipyrine for estimation of rhesus monkey eye blood flow.

The 14C-antipyrine content of rhesus monkey ocular and brain tissues are demonstrated to be stable between 10 and 60 seconds following infection of this diffusible compound, permitting the estimation of blood flow by the indicator-fractionation technique. Blood flow values for central nervous system (CNS) gray and white matter, optic nerve, and retina were similar to values previously obtained for primates by other blood flow techniques.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Ulcerative colitus and Crohn's disease of the colon - a comparison of the long term postoperative courses.

Patients with colitis and ileocolitis of unknown etiology from two previously reported series have been combined and the follow-up studies have been extended to compare the long term postoperative courses of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease of the colon (CDC). The combined and updated series of 176 patients, 99% of whom could be traced, provided a mean postoperative follow-up period for UC of 14 years (5 to 31) and CDC of 13.1 years (5 to 36). There were highly significant associations between generally accepted clinical and distributional features of UC and CDC and microscopic findings generally regarded as reliable for each. However, because of spectrum of features was found in each entity, neither clinical and distributional nor microscopic features alone are sufficient for diagnosis in every case. There were no differences in gross or disease-related mortality in UC and CDC whatever the method of diagnosis. After anastomotic procedures in CDC a recurrence rate of 73% was found. After proctocolectomy the ileostomy revision rate (considering all types of those which required further excision of ileum) was higher in CDC than UC whether the diagnoses were based on microscopic, clinical, or combined criteria, but the differences reached statistical significance only in the comparison of "clinical UC", with "clinical CDC". Moreover, after the first 2 postoperative years, the risk of having an ileostomy revision in UC and CDC (combined criteria) per patient year follow-up was virtually identical and there were no cases of short bowel syndrome. Differences in the clinical courses of UC and CDC after colectomy and ileostomy are of degree and do not reflect the ultimate course or potential for rehabilitation. Decisions regarding surgical therapy should be made independent of the diagnosis of UC or CDC.

Colectomy↗
PubMed1975

Fluorescein in the human optic disc,.

1. Compressing the globe to intraocular pressure values even higher than the systolic ophthalmica pressure does not totally empty the capillaries of the disc. 2. Almost only the plasma layer at the wall of the retinal and papillary vessels is the source of vessel fluorescence seen after intravenous fluorescein injection. Therefore small vessels fluoresce almost as much as big ones and extravasates appear as very brilliant patches. 3. Fluorescein diffuses into the disc tissue mostly from the surrounding tissues (uvea, ev. sclera). 4. The blood circulation in the disc diminishes more than that of the retinal vessels if the eye is compressed, 5. Fluorescein is not especially appropriate for the measurement of the circulation in the disc.

Capillaries↗
PubMed1975

Therapeutic usefulness of hallucinogenic drugs as a function of their chemical structure.

D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) displays (1) the phenylethylamine pattern present in mescaline, cyclazocine and catecholamines and (2) the 4-substituted tryptamine structure of psilocybin which is a serotonin analog. Hence (a) Naloxone--a blocker of the LSD-like side effects of cyclazocine--should (and does) block effects of LSD, and (b) cross-tolerance may be present between LSD and cyclazocine but not between mescaline and psilocybin. Even though LSD binds subcortically, its effect on regional perfusion of the brain and, presumably, function is primarily cortical and, since the perfusion shifts evoked by psilocybin are confined to subcortical regions, we assume that other compounds with the phenylethylamine structure such as mescaline, also may selectively affect cortical activity.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1975

Dominantly inherited osteogenesis imperfecta in man: an examination of collagen biosynthesis.

We have examined control subjects and patients in an effor to discover a metabolic basis for dominantly inherited osterogenesis imperfecta (OI). Studies were carried out in vitro with cultured skin fibroblasts obtained from OI patients, and in vivo on peptide-bound hydroxyproline excretion in urine. Urinary hydroxyproline excretion (milligrams/24 hr) adjusted for age is essentially normal in OI patients, although the mean excretion rate is below average. The latter finding is presumably a reflection of the smaller body mass of OI patients. The OI skin fibroblasts, matched for age of donor, site of biopsy, phase of growth, and generation number in culture, incorporated L-proline into hot trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble protein (collagen) at normal rates. The rate of conversion of proline to hydroxyproline in the nascent polypeptides is also normal in OI. Incorporation of L-lysine was also normal in OI. These findings indicate that peptide synthesis of collagen is not impaired in OI. Rates of galactose incorporation into collagen and the extractability of collagen into normal saline or 0.2 M citric acid were all normal both in OI cells and in the culture medium recovered from the monolayer. These findings, in combination with the urinary data on hydroxyproline excretion in vivo reveal that cross-linking and export of collagen in OI is essentially normal. The elution profile after ion exchange chromatography of fibroblast collagen on carboxymethyl (CM)--Sephadex was also examined. The normal 2/1 ratio of peak 1 (largely alpha 1(1) chains) to peak 2 ) largely alpha 2 chains) was found in OI fibroblast extracts, which implies that synthesis and initial aggregation of the two types of polypeptide to yield (alpha1(1))-2 alpha 2 collagen composition is not abnormal in OI. Despite the negative biochemical findings, a consistent defect in the morphology of OI cells was identified in the log phase and the confluent phase of monolayer cultures. The finding is characterized by irregular packing of the aggregated cells and by an irregular tessellated appearance of the individual OI fibroblast. This observation reassures us that the inherited defect is expressed in vitro.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Blood flow in normal and injured monkey spinal cord.

The authors used indicator fractionation techniques to determine blood flow in normal and bluntly traumatized spinal cords of Macaca rhesus monkeys. Normal flow rates were determined for several levels of spinal cord as well as differential values for white and gray matter from representative areas. Flow rates in traumatized tissue, obtained at several different time intervals up to 4 hours after injury, demonstrated marked differences in regional perfusion of the white matter and gray matter after trauma. Gray matter perfusion was nearly obliterated while white matter blood flow persisted and in fact was higher than uninjured controls. The findings do not support the concept of ischemia as a factor in white matter failure. If toxic pathobiochemical alterations are induced by trauma, it may be possible to reverse these changes by exploiting the preserved white matter blood flow for chemotherapeutic intervention.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Early diagnosis in Niemann-Pick disease.

Hepatosplenomegaly, observed on routine physical examination of a 3-month-old French-Canadian infant, was the first evidence for the possibility of Niemann-Pick disease. Vacuolated foam cells filled with phospholipid material were found in liver and bone marrow biopsy material. The absence of sphingomyelinase activity in isolated peripheral leukocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts confirmed the diagnosis. The parents' leukocytes displayed significantly less activity than was found in control cells. Exact and early confirmation of the diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease is of prime importance for it allows the physician to offer a more specific prognosis, to provide more precise genetic counselling for the couple at risk and, finally, to offer the possibility of prenatal diagnosis.

Adolescent↗