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Biomedical subjects

H Goldenberg

Publications and source records attributed to H Goldenberg.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Imaging of colorectal carcinoma with radiolabeled antibodies.

Colorectal cancer has been the tumor type most frequently studied with radiolabeled antibodies. Among the various antibodies, a majority of patients with colorectal cancer have received xenogeneic polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies against carcino-embryonic antigen. This review summarizes the current status of colorectal cancer imaging with radiolabeled antibodies, ie, radioimmunodetection (RAID), and examines the published studies involving carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) antibodies and 17-1A, 19-9, and B72.3, and other monoclonal antibodies. In order to better address the issue of the current and future clinical usefulness of this emerging technology, particular attention is given to the protocols, methods, and results of the published studies. Despite differences in study parameters, antibodies and forms, labels, administration routes and doses, and scanning instruments and methods, it has been found that (1) almost no adverse reactions have been evident; (2) antibody fragments are preferred over whole immunoglobulin G reagents because they achieve higher tumor-to-background ratios earlier, thus reducing or precluding the need for dual-isotope subtraction methods or long delays before imaging; (3) use of antibody fragments, including the monovalent Fab' form, permits imaging with short-lived radionuclides of excellent photon properties, such as 123I and 99mTc; (4) circulating antigens against which the imaging antibody is directed can complex with the injected antibody, but such complexes have not prevented successful RAID; (5) patients with high serum titers of the appropriate antigen target usually have higher rates of positive RAID; (6) patients who are seronegative for the tumor antigen being studied can have positive RAID findings, which can represent the detection of occult lesions; (7) single photon emission computed tomography appears to provide better image resolution than planar scanning; (8) regardless of the sensitivity reported in any particular study, almost all investigators have observed the disclosure of occult neoplasms by RAID; and (9) RAID, a more functional test of usually high specificity, can complement other radiological methods, such as computed tomography scans, which are limited to structural information.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

[Prophylactic antibiotic therapy using oxacillin (Bristopen) in pediatric orthopedic surgery].

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of oxacillin in the prophylaxis of bone infections in orthopaedic surgery in children. Staphylococcus is the usual pathogen in orthopaedics. This is the reason of our choice: oxacillin. 420 patients are included: 195 control patients did not receive any prophylactic antibiotherapy; 225 patients received oxacillin. The oxacillin treatment started at anaesthetic induction and was carried on for 72 hours. In the control group, 7 superficial and 4 deep infections were observed, while a single superficial infection was noted in the oxacillin-treated group. This easy and inexpensive prophylactic treatment gave excellent results. We think that it should be systematically administered in orthopedic surgery to ensure as little complication as possible to the child.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Uptake and subcellular distribution of injected transferrin in rat liver.

Radioactively labelled transferrin was injected into rats intravenously and its uptake and subcellular distribution in the liver was investigated. The amount of radioactivity in the liver remained constant from 10 min after injection. It was not influenced by asialoglycoproteins. The radioactive label was identified as asialotransferrin. After subcellular fractionation by differential and zonal sucrose density-gradient centrifugation the label was enriched in a low-density endocytic compartment showing fluorescence quenching of acridine orange and N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive ATPase activity. The data fit into a model of continuous transferrin-receptor-mediated recycling through the hepatocyte's endocytic compartment.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Characteristics of chylomicron remnant uptake into rat liver.

We have investigated uptake of 125I-labeled chylomicron remnants into livers of rats in the presence of lactoferrin. This glycoprotein possesses a cluster of four arginines at the N-terminus similar to the arginine rich binding sequence of apoprotein E (apoE) to the LDL-receptor. We found that this protein inhibits uptake of 125I-chylomicron remnant radioactivity by 50% when measured as accumulation of radioactivity into the intact organ, and even more pronounced, over 75%, when measured as uptake into an endosomal fraction prepared therefrom. Provided that the arginine rich sequence is responsible for the inhibition, a similarity in the characteristics of binding of apoE to the LDL (low density lipoprotein)- and chylomicron remnant-receptor is likely. Second, transferrin having sequence homologies with lactoferrin, but lacking the arginine cluster does not interfere with chylomicron remnant uptake. Third, lactoferrin does not inhibit the uptake of chylomicron remnants by the spleen, which is most likely mediated through scavenger cells by a mechanism different from the chylomicron remnant uptake system of the liver. We hypothesize from this that lactoferrin specifically interferes with the physiologically relevant chylomicron remnant uptake system of the liver. Investigation of the mechanism of this inhibition will provide information about the physical characteristics of the remnant receptor system.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Imaging of primary and metastatic liver cancer with 131I monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against alphafetoprotein.

Thirteen patients with a history of confirmed liver carcinoma were given either I131 goat polyclonal or murine monoclonal antibodies against alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and then scanned with a gamma camera. In order to reduce background, nontarget activity, especially in the liver, blood pool, and reticuloendothelial system, 99mTc imaging agents were used for tumor image enhancement by computer-assisted subtraction. A sensitivity of 91% for the primary site, 50% for the lungs (33% for the chest area), and 75% for the abdomen and pelvis was achieved, with a specificity of 100%, 94%, and 100% for these sites, respectively. The accuracy was determined to be 93% for the liver, 86% for the lungs (77% for the chest), and 85% for the abdominal and pelvic area, resulting in an overall accuracy rate for imaging primary and metastatic hepatocellular cancer of 84% (90% if bone metastases are excluded). In two of the 13 patients, lesions that had been missed by conventional liver scintigraphy and transmission computed tomography (CT) were first shown by radioimmunodetection (RAID).

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Reduction of extracellular potassium ferricyanide by transmembrane NADH: (acceptor) oxidoreductase of human erythrocytes.

Reduction of extracellular ferricyanide by intact erythrocytes proceeds by a membrane bound, NADH-dependent reaction. It is depressed by a glycolysis inhibitor and a non penetrable sulfhydryl reagent, and activated by dehydroascorbate. Dehydroascorbate activation cannot be accounted for by release of reducing equivalents from the cells. It is concluded that the observed reaction is brought about by transmembrane NADH-acceptor oxidoreductase with donor binding at the inner and acceptor binding at the outer cell surface.

Cytochrome Reductases↗
PubMed1984

Differences in kidney renin content between normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats: effect of captopril treatment.

Kidney renin concentrations were significantly lower in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) than in normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. After treatment of both SHR and WKY rats with captopril (100 mg/kg p.o. for 3 months), kidney renin concentration increased dramatically in SHR and slightly, but significantly, in WKY. After captopril treatment, kidney renin content of SHR was still significantly lower than WKY. Because of the lower content of kidney renin in SHR and the proportionately greater increase in kidney renin content in SHR after captopril treatment than in WKY, it is proposed that a fundamental difference(s) in the control of the renin-angiotensin system exists in SHR, an effect which may or may not be related to SHR hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

NADH-monodehydroascorbate reductase in human erythrocyte membranes.

Enzymatic activity of NADH-monodehydroascorbate reductase could be observed in red blood cell membranes. This activity was latent in right side out as well as inside out vesicles. Apart from this latency addition of certain detergents led to activation of the enzyme also in open membrane preparations. The enzyme was inhibited by metal chelators, and displayed a very low apparent Michaelis constant. Monodehydroascorbate is a candidate for the natural electron acceptor of the transmembrane NADH-oxido-reductase. The activation by detergent may be due to enhancement of lipid fluidity or to exposure of a lipophilic substrate binding site.

Erythrocyte Membrane↗
PubMed1982

Density gradient fractionation of digitonin-treated rat liver plasma membranes and subcellular localization of NADH-oxidoreductase and B-type cytochromes.

Plasma membranes, contaminated very little by endoplasmic reticulum elements, were isolated from rat liver. Activities of NADH-oxidoreductase and b-type cytochromes were higher than expected from this contamination. Between 50 and 80% of these activities were endogenous to plasma membrane. A similar result was obtained after refractionation of digitonin-treated plasma membranes on a sucrose density gradient. This is further evidence for the localization of NADH-ferricyanide reductase, NADH-cytochrome c reductase, and cytochromes b5, P450 and P420 in liver cell membranes.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Membranes of rat liver peroxisomes.

Membranes of liver peroxisomes from rats fed with clofibrate were purified in a discontinuous gradient using a zonal rotor. The preparation consists of round or oval vesicles mostly devoid of nucleoids with a diameter ranging from 70-700 nm; open sheets are found very infrequently. Mitochondrial profiles as well as vesicles containing cytochemically demonstrable glucose 6-phosphatase are scarce; accordingly, glucose 6-phosphatase is nearly undetectable biochemically. Monoamine oxidase is absent in peroxisomal membranes. Cytochrome b5 is found in a concentration of 0.3 nmoles/mg protein, an order of magnitude comparable to the content of endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Reduction of this cytochrome with palmitoyl-CoA is possible only after recombination of the membranes with the soluble peroxisomal matrix fraction.

Animals↗