Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Gnarpe

Publications and source records attributed to H Gnarpe.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in subjectively healthy individuals.

Subjectively healthy persons were investigated for the presence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in throat cultures. During a peak period of M. pneumoniae incidence, 13.5% of 758 healthy volunteers were found to harbour the bacterium in the throat. The investigation was continued, and during a subsequent period of 11 months, the incidence of M. pneumoniae isolated decreased to 4.6% of 499 volunteers. All new blood donor sera 1990-1991 (422 sera) were screened for the presence of antibodies to M. pneumoniae; it was found that there was a fluctuating but significant number of individuals with positive serology based on a single test occasion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Chlamydia trachomatis among sexually active teenage girls: influence of sampling location and clinical signs on the detection rate.

A total of 707 cultures for Chlamydia trachomatis were obtained from healthy teenage girls attending an adolescence clinic for family planning. Apart from sampling from the endocervix, specimens were also obtained from outside the squamocolumnar junction and from the posterior fornix and cultured separately in order to study whether it was possible to improve the detection rate of C trachomatis by sampling from outside the endocervix. In 91 (12.8%) of the girls a positive culture was found. Of the chlamydia positive samples, 83.5% were obtained from the endocervix and 95% from outside the squamocolumnar junction of the portio. Of the 91 positive cultures, 15 (16.5%) were positive only in the sample obtained from the portio surface. The results indicate that the detection rate of C trachomatis could be improved by extended specimen collection. C trachomatis was isolated significantly more often when there was an ectopy, irrespective of whether the specimens had been collected from the endocervix or from outside the squamocolumnar junction. C trachomatis was particularly common if there was an ectopy and a bleeding at specimen collection. If there was no bleeding at sampling, C trachomatis was equally common in women with as in those without an ectopy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Campylobacter pylori: Swedish experiences.

All patients referred for gastroscopy were investigated by Campylobacter pylori culture and antibody titration. An enzyme immunoassay was developed and found to have a negative predictive value of 0.997, which indicates that serologic tests could be used for screening of patients before gastroscopy. A close correlation was found between active and inactive duodenal and gastric ulcer and positive C. pylori culture. Small open treatment trials with the antibiotics doxycycline, tinidazole, amoxycillin, and norfloxacin were ineffective for the eradication of C. pylori. Treatment with the new anti-ulcer agents enprostil, rioprostil, and omeprazole had no effect on the presence of C. pylori.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Does omeprazole improve antimicrobial therapy directed towards gastric Campylobacter pylori in patients with antral gastritis? A pilot study.

This double-blind pilot study has been undertaken in order to investigate the effect of amoxicillin and pronounced suppression of gastric acid secretion on mucosal colonisation with Campylobacter pylori (CP). Twenty four CP-positive patients were included in the study and assigned to 14 days of treatment in either one of the following three therapy groups: Group 1: Omeprazole 40 mg o.m. + Amoxicillin 750 mg b.i.d (9 pat); Group 2: Omeprazole 40 mg o.m. (8 pat); Group 3: Amoxicillin 750 mg b.i.d (7 pat). Gastroscopy with biopsy for culture and histology was performed pre-entry, at cessation of therapy and four weeks later. In the group receiving omeprazole and amoxicillin in combination 5 out of 8 patients were negative for CP four weeks after stopping treatment, while in the amoxicillin and the omeprazole groups respectively one (1/7) and none (0/8) were negative. Except for one patient who was withdrawn because of severe diarrhoea, only minor adverse effects occurred.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Preventive lymecycline therapy in women with a history of pelvic inflammatory disease undergoing first-trimester abortion: a clinical, controlled trial.

In a clinical, controlled trial 55 women with a history of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) undergoing first-trimester abortion were randomized to either lymecycline therapy or placebo. Twenty-four women received lymecycline capsules 300 mg b.i.d. for 14 days starting on the morning of the abortion and 31 received similar placebo medication. In the lymecycline group 2 women (8.3%) and in the placebo group 7 (22.6%) contracted postabortal PID, a non-significant difference (p greater than 0.2). The variables age, gestational age, number of spontaneous abortions, births and episodes of PID, and Hegar size were not associated with the rate of postabortal PID. Women without previous induced abortions had a significantly increased rate of postabortal infection (p = 0.02), but the treatment did not influence this rate. Three women had a positive culture for Chlamydia trachomatis at the time of abortion and two of these had postabortal PID. None of 7 women with postabortal PID had significant increases in IgA, IgG or IgM chlamydia antibody titers, but two women with uncomplicated abortions had serological evidence of infection. The number of hospital days and amounts of antibiotics prescribed to women with postabortal PID were not significantly different between the two treatment groups (p greater than 0.05). Women with a history of PID had an elevated risk of postabortal PID warranting the use of some sort of prophylaxis, and screening for C. trachomatis in an abortion population is recommended.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1988

Chlamydia trachomatis among sexually active teenage girls. Lack of correlation between chlamydial infection, history of the patient and clinical signs of infection.

Cultures for Chlamydia trachomatis were obtained from 1012 teenage girls attending an adolescence clinic mainly for family planning; C. trachomatis was isolated from 174 (17.2%). The proportion of chlamydia-positive girls varied between 15.7% and 28.5% depending whether or not there were symptoms and signs of infection. Neither the history nor the finding at pelvic examination offered conclusive evidence for or against the presence of an infection with C. trachomatis. Of the chlamydia-positive, untreated, asymptomatic girls, 17.5% developed symptoms of a genital infection within 3 months. There was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of positive cultures by the two investigators, suggesting that the procedure for specimen collection is of great importance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Campylobacter pylori in Swedish patients referred for gastroscopy.

Campylobacter pylori was isolated more often from patient with peptic ulcers and in an age-related manner in a material of 395 consecutive patients referred for gastroscopy. Direct microscopy was done with Gram and Acridine Orange stain and found too insensitive for practical use. All patients were investigated serologically with an enzyme immunoassay which showed excellent correlation with positive cultures for C. pylori. The findings were discussed, and the enzyme immunoassay, with a negative predictive value of 0.99, was found to be a valuable tool for primary screening of patients suspected of being carriers of C. pylori.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical aspects on the use of doxycycline in patients with active duodenal ulcer associated with Campylobacter pylori.

Seven patients with active duodenal ulcer and positive cultures for Campylobacter pylori were given anti-ulcer treatment for 28 days with the addition of doxycycline for the last nine days. Repeated endoscopy with biopsy for culture and doxycycline concentration determinations from the mucosa at the end of doxycycline therapy showed that five of seven patients remained positive in culture. The concentrations of doxycycline in biopsy material were 0.1 to 0.3 mg/kg in four patients; in three patients the level of antibiotic was not measurable. The serum concentrations of doxycycline in six patients varied between 0.5 and 2.7 mg/l. One patient had less than 0.5 mg/l. The two patients with C. pylori negative cultures at the end of therapy had serum concentrations of doxycycline of 2.4 and 1.0 mg/l. These patients were positive in biopsy culture for C. pylori 12 weeks after therapy. In conclusion, doxycycline does not eradicate C. pylori when given in recommended dosage for 9 days.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Correlation between chlamydia infection and clinical evaluation, vaginal wet smear, and cervical swab test in female adolescents.

Vaginal wet smear, endocervical swab test, gynecologic examination, and history were investigated in 148 healthy female adolescents. Cultures for Chlamydia trachomatis were obtained from all patients. The overall prevalence was 19/148 (13%). No significant correlation was found between chlamydia infection and any of the parameters investigated in the wet smear. Results of swab test or history showed no discrimination between young women with cultures positive for C. trachomatis and those with cultures negative for C. trachomatis. Chlamydia was found in 32% of patients when the gynecologic examination showed signs of infection and in 10% when no signs of infection were seen (p less than 0.025). Thirteen of the 19 (70%) adolescents with chlamydia infections had no signs of infection. We conclude that neither swab test, vaginal wet smear, nor the history of the patient can give conclusive evidence of a chlamydial infection. Detection of C. trachomatis in this population can be done only by culture or other specific methods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The in-vitro influence of ceftazidime on host defence mechanisms.

The effects of ceftazidime, a new third generation cephalosporin, on host defence mechanisms, was investigated in vitro. No significant alteration of polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotactic, phagocytic, or chemiluminescent responses were found. Granulocyte adherence to nylon fibre columns was increased by 10 mg/l or more of ceftazidime. Lymphocyte DNA synthesis was slightly decreased by high concentrations of ceftazidime, though not by therapeutic concentrations. Ceftazidime was found to stimulate the release of increased amounts of chemotaxis and phagocytosis-stimulating factors from Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa when bacteria were exposed to subminimal inhibitory concentrations of the antibiotic during active growth phases.

Ceftazidime↗
PubMed1984

Granulocyte chemotaxis in ulcerative colitis.

The chemotactic responsiveness of granulocytes obtained from patients with ulcerative colitis was compared to granulocytes from healthy individuals, using the LMAT (Leukocyte Migration Under Agarose Technique). A depression of chemotaxis found in ulcerative colitis patients was seen to be related to the disease activity. This reduction in granulocyte migration could not be corrected by preincubation of cell suspensions with tinidazole. The pattern observed for granulocyte chemotaxis in ulcerative colitis was discussed with reference to use as an aid in the differential diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Stimulation of granulocyte functions in vitro by imipenem and the renal enzyme inhibitor MK 0791.

Imipenem and the renal enzyme inhibitor MK 0791 (dehydropeptidase-I) were tested separately and in a 1:1 combination to delineate their effects on granulocyte functioning. Each component, as well as the combination product, was found to increase granulocyte adherence and chemotaxis at therapeutic concentrations. Phagocytosis and chemiluminescence were not found to be significantly altered by any of the drug combinations.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1983

Tetracycline influence on leukocyte functions.

Two tetracyclines, lymecycline and doxycycline, were investigated with reference to modification of granulocyte function. Both preparations influenced granulocyte adherence, migration, quantitative phagocytosis and induced surface membrane morphological changes. Doxycycline caused more pronounced effects than lymecycline.

Cell Adhesion↗