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Biomedical subjects

H Gin

Publications and source records attributed to H Gin.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Study of the effect of metformin on platelet aggregation in insulin-dependent diabetics.

The role of metformin on platelet aggregation was studied in subjects affected by relatively well controlled type 1 diabetes. 1700 mg of metformin were added to their usual daily treatment; nothing else was changed. Patients were trained to monitor their own glycaemia and presence of degenerative retinopathy was proved. Before the administration of metformin and on day 21, the platelet induced by 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mumol of ADP and by collagen was studied. Fibrinogen, cholesterol, triglycerides, glycosylated haemoglobin and mean blood glucose levels did not show any significant modification after treatment but the maximum aggregation induced by ADP was significantly decreased; the inhibition of aggregation was particularly sensitive for low doses of ADP. No significant correlation was found between the variations in metabolism data and the reduction of the amplitude of platelet aggregation. Metformin, added to the usual treatment undergone by a diabetic treated with insulin, seems to affect platelet aggregation independently of other metabolic factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Phospholipid and fatty acid composition of erythrocytes in type I and type II diabetes.

Different data have been reported concerning modifications of the erythrocyte lipid composition in the different types of diabetes. The heterogeneity of diabetes could be a cause for such differences. Ten type I and ten type II diabetics were carefully selected. The patients were poorly controlled (the mean glycosylated hemoglobin was 12.8% +/- 0.7%); their mean age was 54 +/- 5 years, with a mean duration of diabetes of 18 +/- 4 years. One half of them had severe diabetic complications (nephropathy, retinopathy, and/or polyneuropathy). The diabetics were compared with ten controls. The phospholipid composition was determined by HPTLC analysis, and the fatty acid moieties of the total phospholipids were measured by gas liquid chromatography associated with mass spectrometry. Under well-defined experimental conditions, these results demonstrated a slight, but significant (P less than .05), increase in the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)/phosphatidylserine (PS) ratio using a Ninhydrin quantitation method; there was also an increase in two minor lipids content (phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid) and the appearance of a lysolipid (lysoPE) in the patients. Whatever the type of diabetes, the red blood cells of diabetics showed no significant differences in their fatty acid contents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The influence of Guar gum on absorption of metformin from the gut in healthy volunteers.

Dietary fibre and biproducts of some vegetable extracts (Guar etc.) are advocated to reduce postprandial hyperglycaemia but there is some evidence that these may disturb the absorption kinetics of orally administered drugs. The effect of Guar gum on the digestive absorption of metformin was tested in 6 healthy subjects given 1700 mg of metformin with a standardised meal. Metformin blood levels showed that when given together with Guar there was a reduction in the absorption rate over the first 6 hours. These findings suggest that combination therapy may diminish the anti-hyperglycaemic action of metformin.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effect of a ketoacid diet on glucose tolerance and tissue insulin sensitivity.

Effects of a low protein (0.3 g/kg/day) diet on glucose tolerance and tissue insulin sensitivity were studied in 25 non-diabetic and eight insulin-dependent diabetic uremic patients before and three months after dietary treatment. Carbohydrates accounted for 65% of the caloric intake in the first group and 57% in the second. In the first group, a 50 g oral glucose tolerance test showed that after three months blood glucose was significantly reduced at T60 (P less than 0.05) and serum insulin at T0, T30 (P less than 0.05) and T60 (P less than 0.02). Ten patients of the first group underwent an euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp study; the tissue sensitivity to insulin index of all three clamp periods improved (P less than 0.01 for the first and second, P less than 0.02 for the third). Five patients in the second group underwent a euglycemic clamp study; glucose metabolism increased with each clamp period. Concomitantly, their daily insulin requirements decreased from 37.2 +/- 3.1 to 24.8 +/- 2.7 U/day (P less than 0.05). This conspicuous improvement observed in both groups might be related to a decrease in uremic toxin(s) derived from protein intake. Beneficial results on atherosclerosis and cardiovascular pathology may occur from the reduction of hyperinsulinism.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Actinobacillus ureae meningitis. Apropos of a case].

A case of Actinobacillus ureae meningitis in a 52 year old man with an history of chronic sinusitis and previous skull fractures is reported. Actinobacillus ureae, called for a long time Pasteurella ureae, is a rare cause of meningitis as shown by a short review of the literature (eight cases reported). We have searched the bacteria in the rhinopharynx of the patient's four dogs: this search was unsuccessful in agreement with the literature data which has not yet established an animal host for Actinobacillus ureae.

Actinobacillus Infections↗
PubMed1988

Decrease of lipid extractability of chloroform-methanol upon water addition to human erythrocytes.

The yield of lipids extractable by chloroform-methanol 2:1 from human erythrocytes decreases as a function of the relative amount of water added to--or present in--the erythrocyte pellet prior to the lipid extraction. Only slight modifications are observed as long as the volume of water does not exceed that of the red blood cell pellet. As the volume of added water increases, the phosphatidylserine recovery drops dramatically and tends to zero while the yield of the other phospholipids remains unchanged. This phenomenon is not observed when the lipids are extracted by a mixture of isopropanol-chloroform.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed1988

In situ polymerization of a microencapsulating medium round living cells.

A new process for microencapsulating living cells is described. Pancreatic islet cells in solution in agarose were extruded from a syringe into a paraffin-oil-containing medium. A rigid interface around each bead was produced when the agarose gelled. A polymerizable mixture of monomers containing 30% of acrylamide and 1.5% of bisacrylamide was then added to these beads. Polymerization was initiated by a photochemical process using riboflavin as a photosensitizer, which enabled use of oxygenated solutions. As other polymerizations initiated by an oxido-reduction reaction, this method did not require heating, and could thus be carried out at ambient temperature. The oil phase near the agarose beads effectively prevented any rise in temperature, and also led to formation of an acrylamide concentration gradient in the aqueous phase, which reduced the potential cytotoxicity of the reaction. Radioimmunoassay of insulin liberated from encapsulated islets of Langerhans demonstrated a good viability of the cells.

Acrylamides↗
PubMed1988

Effect of a low-protein diet on chemiluminescence production by leukocytes from uremic patients.

Chemiluminescence (CL) emission from leukocytes was studied in 20 uremic patients after ingestion of opsonized zymosan. CL production was impaired when compared with control groups. Six months after a low-protein, low-phosphorus diet supplemented with essential amino acids and ketoanalogues (SD) was started, a significant improvement in CL production was observed. SD may be expected to decrease the susceptibility of uremic patients to bacterial infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effect of a low-protein diet on urinary albumin excretion in uremic patients.

Fifteen patients with advanced renal failure (creatinine clearance less than 25 ml/mn) and with severe albuminuria (greater than 1.5 g/24 h) were put on a low-protein (0.3 g/kg body weight), low-phosphorus (5-7 mg/kg body weight) diet supplemented with essential amino acids and ketoanalogues. During the 6-month follow-up, urinary albumin excretion and fractional renal albumin clearance were reduced significantly while serum albumin concentration increased; no nutritional change occurred during the study.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Preservation of the functional integrity of cellular material after cell microencapsulation by polymerization].

A new process for microencapsulating living cells is described. A cross linked network was polymerized using acrylamide and bisacrylamide monomers round agarose-embedded cells in an hydrophobic medium. The reaction was initiated by excitation of Vit. B2 under visible irradiation. The absence of toxic effect was evaluated from the insulin secretion of encapsulated islets of Langerhans.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Hyponatremia induced by hypoglycemic sulfonamides: a study of 70 patients].

Sodium plasma level was followed every three months in 70 non insulin dependent diabetic patients; 112 prescriptions were performed. Five different oral hypoglycemic drugs were used but patients were taken no more than one drug in the same time. 21% of prescription were associated with a low sodium plasma level but it was beneath 129 meq in only 8% of them; a low sodium plasma level was observed with every oral hypoglycemic agent; when the drug was interrupted a normal sodium plasma level was restored; when patients were put under another agent, hyponatremia did not recidive. 67% of patients were free of any symptom. Interference with biological parameters, age of the patients, duration of diabetes and other therapy are studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Influence of fever on cefotaxime pharmacokinetics].

The role of fever on cefotaxime disposition was studied in ten hyperthermic patients. Each subject received intravenously 1 g of cefotaxime on two separated occasions, first when the body temperature was more than 39 degrees C then during a basal state (37 degrees C). Blood samples were taken over 12 hours and urine was collected for 24 hours after injection. After dosing cefotaxime and its metabolite by high performance liquid chromatography, the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated, especially: plasma and renal clearance, volume of distribution at steady state, area under the curve, and elimination half-life. There is no significant difference in cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime disposition between these two states. Hyperthermia has no influence on pharmacokinetics of this cephalosporin.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Low protein and low phosphorus diet in patients with chronic renal failure: influence on glucose tolerance and tissue insulin sensitivity.

Ten patients with advanced renal failure (glomerular filtration rate 25 mL/min) were treated with a low phosphorus and low protein diet supplemented with ketoacid analogues. Before starting the diet and four months afterwards, a 50 g oral glucose tolerance test with a three step euglycemic insulin clamp was carried out. A dose-response curve of total body insulin sensitivity was plotted. By the fourth month, glucose tolerance had improved with significantly lower T0, T30, and T60 insulin levels. These results are attributed to the improvement in insulin action as demonstrated by the clamp technique. The dose-response curve had a distinctly higher plateau after dietary treatment, and the tissue sensitivity index to insulin (M/l ratio) was significantly improved. It is suggested that treatment of uremic patients with a low protein diet may reduce levels of a putative insulin inhibitor.

Adult↗