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Biomedical subjects

H Gastaut

Publications and source records attributed to H Gastaut.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Appearance of EEG changes reminiscent of a secondary generalized epilepsy in a rhesus monkey inoculated with a strain of kuru.

In a group of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) inoculated intracerebrally and intravenously with a strain (Enage strain rhesus L6 56) of kuru already passaged in rhesus monkeys, 1 monkey presented the typical EEG pattern of epileptogenic encephalopathy reminiscent of the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. This observation provides no direct evidence for the viral origin of epilepsies of this type. It does, however, show that it is possible to induce an epileptogenic encephalopathy by an unconventional infectious agent.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Demonstration of a little known cause of infantile epilepsy, occipital porencephaly, by computerized tomography (CT).

Among 500 epileptic patients studied by Computerized Tomography, 11 patients presented an occipital porencephaly (or a dilation of the occipital horn with a "porencephalic" aspect) sometimes associated with a ventricular dilation. These 11 patients represented 2.2% of our patients and 5% of those less than 20 yr of age which is frequent in relation to lesions of the same type having a different topography. Clinical and EEG studies of these 11 patients revealed hemiplegia or hemiparesis in 8 cases, hemianopsia in 7 cases, a severe partial epilepsy in 6 cases which was temporal in 5 patients, a secondary generalized epilepsy in 3 cases, and an epilepsy unable to be classified in 2 cases. The "porencephalies" responsible for these clinical signs are most likely of encephalomalacic origin, secondary to circulatory troubles in the peri- or postnatal period. Remillard et al. maintain that perinatal occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery is responsible. However, in our personal series, the results obtained from CT, PEG and angiography do not permit us to be as affirmative as to the vascular etiology responsible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Partial epilepsy with complex symptoms and atrophic occipito-parietal lesions. Value of tachoencephalographic examination].

Eleven of the first 500 epileptics examined by axial tomography presented pseudo-porencephalic dilation (cavitary atrophy) of an occipital horn, associated or not with more extensive ventricular dilation. This lesion was found in 2.2% of all the epileptics and in 5% of the epileptics under the age of 20 in this group, a high incidence when compared with that of lesions of the same type located elsewhere. Clinical investigation and E.E.G. carried out on these 11 children showed that they were suffering from either hemiphegia or hemiparesis (8 out of 11 cases) and hemianopsia (7 out of 11 cases), and had serious epilepsy with partial fits (6 cases), usual temporal lobe epilepsy (5 cases), generalized secondary epilepsy (3 cases) or epilepsy defying classification (2 cases). These cases are compared with those recently published by Remillard, Ethier and Anderman. These authors consider that these cerebral lesions are the result of peri-natal thrombosis of the posterior cerebral artery. But in our group of cases, angiographic results do not appear to justify this claim.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Tomodensitometric study of cerebral accidents causing acute hemiplegia in children].

Computerized Axial Tomography (C.A.T.) easily distinguishes between the two types of cerebral accident responsible for the two major categories of acute hemiplegia in childhood. 1) In hemiplegias which develop in association with hemiclonic status epilepticus (H. H. and H. H. E. syndromes), in the majority of cases there is an appearance of cortico-sub-cortical atrophy involving the whole hemisphere contralateral to the hemiplegia. This atrophy develops following oedema of the hemisphere which accompanies the initial status epilepticus and which is clearly shown by a very early T.A.C. 2) In congenital or acquired hemiplegias not associated with status epilepticus there is, in most cases, an appearance of cerebral infarction or, very rarely, haemorrhage. It is thus possible, from a physiopathogenic standpoint, to draw a clear distinction between these two major forms of acute infantile hemiplegia. The first (H. H. and H. H. E. syndromes) usually result from hemispheric atrophy which develops in association with a unilateral or predominantly lateral episode of status epilepticus, whilst the second group are usually the result of cerebral infarction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Study of epilepsy by computer controlled transverse axial tomography of the brain].

The value of computerized azial tomography of the encephalon is considered:--Firstly, in relation to the different electro-clinical varieties of epilepsy (essentially primary, secondary and partial) where it provides information of a high degree of precision concerning the topography, frequency and size of morphological abnormalties of the encephalon.--Secondly, in relation to the various aetiological possibilities (tumour, post-traumatic, post-ischaemic, post-infective, et cetera). This new method is of considerable to specify an aetiology almost unknown up to the present time: post-ischaemic occipital porencephaly secondary to perinatal or infantile occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Computerized transverse axial tomography in epilepsy.

Computerized transverse axial tomography (CTAT) of the brain has been used routinely, as well as the EEG, to study patients with epilepsy. In patients with the various electro-clinical types of epilepsy -- primary, secondary, and partial -- it gave accurate information about the frequency, topography, and severity of morphological abnormalities. In the various types of organic lesion -- tumor, posttraumatic, postischemic, postinfectious, etc. -- it markedly increased the ability to establish etiology. Especially notable was the finding of (1) tumor in 16% of patients over 20 years of age, and (2) the determination of a type of pathology that has received little attention -- postischemic occipital porencephaly probably due to occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery, either at birth or in early infancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Relative frequency of different types of epilepsy: a study employing the classification of the International League Against Epilepsy.

Approximately three-quarters of epileptic patients seen in consultation by specialists can easily be assigned to one of the diagnostic categories of the International League against Epilepsy. When patient age is taken into account, such a distribution shows that partial epilepsy is more common than generalized epilepsy (62% versus 38%) in patients of all ages, especially in those over 15 years of age (78% versus 22%). In contrast, generalized epilepsy is more frequent in subjects under 15 than partial epilepsy (55% versus 45%). In this younger age group the rarity of partial epilepsy is primarily due to the infrequency of temporal lobe epilepsy (21% of cases, as opposed to 56% in subjects over 15), whereas both primary and secondary generalized epilepsy contribute to the frequency of generalized epilepsy in this group.

Adolescent↗