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Biomedical subjects

H Gallais

Publications and source records attributed to H Gallais.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Rhodococcus equi infection in patients with AIDS.

Rhodococcus equi is an emerging opportunistic pathogen of HIV-I infected patients. It is an aerobic, Gram-positive coryneform bacterium which acts as a facultative intracellular micro-organism, multiplying in the phagosome of macrophages. Eighteen cases of R. equi infection in HIV-I positive patients have now been reported. Sixteen of these had pneumonia, of which 12 had cavitating lung lesions. A history of contact with farm animals, which are the primary hosts of R. equi, was found in only three patients. There was a delay in establishing a definite diagnosis in most cases as this depended upon the isolation of R. equi from sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, or blood. Treatment included surgical resection in five patients and erythromycin with a second antibiotic in 13 cases, but II of the 18 patients died from the infection. In this report we describe our experience of R. equi pneumonia in two AIDS patients and review the published cases of the disease in man.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

[Tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus infection. 22 cases].

A retrospective study of 22 bacteriologically documented cases of tuberculosis associated with HIV1 positivity was carried out in the department of infectious diseases of Marseille, south of France, a high prevalence area for HIV infection. Sixty-seven percent of the patients were intravenous drug abusers. Thirty-two percent were classified as having AIDS prior to the diagnosis of tuberculosis. All but one had M. tuberculosis isolated from bronchopulmonary samples; 5 had no parenchymatous radiological abnormalities, 5 had excavated lesions. Four patients had cervical adenopathies, 4 other patients had asymptomatic extra-pulmonary sites of infection. All patients responded well to chemotherapy; no relapse was observed during or after treatment. Eight died, two of them before treatment (cause of death unknown), 6 from other complications of AIDS within the 2 years following the diagnosis of tuberculosis. The low incidence of extra-thoracic involvement and the high frequency of excavated pulmonary lesions are discordant with most US studies, as is the relatively late onset of tuberculosis in the course of HIV infection. We suggest that different local epidemiological factors and maybe the practice of systematic BCG vaccination during childhood in France could contribute to these differences.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

[Hemichorea in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Toxoplasmosis abscess in the striatum].

Three HIV seropositive patients presented with cerebral toxoplasmosis which was treated by anti-infectious agents. After partial improvement, they developed hemichorea related to striatal infectious lesions. In AIDS patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis, autopsy series have reported a high incidence of basal ganglia abscesses, explaining the occurrence of involuntary movements such as hemichorea.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Chronic Q fever: diagnosis and follow-up.

Sera from 40 patients (25 men, and 15 women) with clinical features compatible with the diagnosis of chronic Q fever were received. Total or partial clinical data were available. All of them had serological evidence of chronic Q fever (IgG class anti-phase I titer greater than 800). The final diagnosis was vascular infection in four cases (with two positive cultures for Coxiella burnetii), bone infection in two patients (one positive culture), chronic hepatitis in one patient, and endocarditis in 32. The last patient had an isolated fever with a chronic Q fever serologic profile. Among the 32 with endocarditis, valve replacement was performed in 59%, and valve cultures were positive in 14/18 patients. Twenty-nine of these patients had previously known valvulopathy; 23 were exposed to cattle, sheep or goats; and four had an immunocompromised situation. Ten patients died; two before any treatment, five of cardiac failure during or a few weeks after surgery, and three during the medical treatment. For antibiotic treatment, tetracycline alone was employed in seven cases. For the other patients, combined therapy including tetracycline and another drug (rifampin, fluoroquinolones, cotrimoxazole, or erythromycin) was initiated. Three patients were considered to be completely cured.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Lessons of the socioeconomic structure of a cohort of 50 drug addicts infected with HIV and followed up over a year].

Fifty drug addicts, users of intravenous heroin and infected by HIV, with an average age of 28 years, were followed for a period of one year. The purpose was to analyze, as precisely as possible, the medical and social cost of their illness as a function of the stage of the infection to which they belonged. The costs vary significantly according to the age and sex of the patients, and are higher in those patients with stage IV (confirmed clinical AIDS) than with stage II and stage III HIV infection. Although the population of drug addicts infected by HIV is likely to stabilize, the medical and social cost of caring for HIV-infected drug addicts is very heavy, and can be estimated at about 4 to 5 billion french francs by year.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Pneumonia and meningitis caused by a new nonfermentative unknown gram-negative bacterium.

Seven isolates of an unclassified bacterium resembling Flavobacterium spp. were characterized by growth requirements, microscopic examination, biochemical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility tests, protein profile analysis, and serologic data. The unclassified isolates were differentiated from Flavobacterium meningosepticum, Flavobacterium odoratum, Flavobacterium balustinum, Flavobacterium strain IIb, Chromobacterium violaceum, Aquaspirillum serpens, and Pseudomonas spp. The bacterium was a gram-negative rod with a polar flagellum. Protein profile analysis demonstrated two major protein bands present in the unclassified isolates that were absent from the Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas controls but present in the Aquaspirillum and Chromobacterium controls. However, no serologic cross-reactions were observed. Our results showed that the unclassified bacterium was distinct from any previously known genus of bacterium.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1988

[Familial deficiency of complement factor 7: association with bacterial meningitis. Apropos of 3 recent cases].

Three recent cases of inherited deficiency of the seventh component of complement (C7) associated with recurrent infectious meningitis are described. Two cases were associated with meningococcal meningitis, the third is the first case report of C7 inherited deficiency associated with Haemophilus parainfluenzae meningitis. Family studies are consistent with inheritance and non-HLA-linked, autosomal codominant trait of the C7 deficiency. The three patients have remained well, following antibiotic treatment.

Adolescent↗