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Biomedical subjects

H Gaafar

Publications and source records attributed to H Gaafar.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Segmental tracheal replacement in mongrel dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of alcohol- and detergent-preserved tracheal allografts in dogs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Experimental segmental tracheal replacement was performed in 18 adult mongrel dogs. Three different techniques were tried in three groups of dogs. In the first group, a four-ring cervical tracheal segment was dissected out and implanted in the trachea of another dog. In the second group, the procedure was performed using a tracheal allograft that had been preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol for 20 days. In the third group, tracheal grafts were previously impregnated in 10% povidone iodine for 72 h before being implanted. Allografts were harvested 60 days after transplantation and assessed both histologically and in terms of the percentage patency. Dogs that died within 60 days were also included in the analysis. RESULTS: The best results were found in the group in which the tracheal allograft had been preserved in ethyl alcohol and this was explained by the reduced antigenicity of the graft in this group. CONCLUSIONS: The use of alcohol-preserved allografts is a practical method of tracheal transplantation, and the alcohol-preservation technique markedly reduces the immunogenicity of the grafts.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Frontal sinus outflow tract "anatomic study".

Meticulous anatomical knowledge is mandatory to approach endoscopically the frontal sinus area safely and manage its diseases successfully. The aim of this study was to identify the various drainage patterns of the frontal sinus. To illustrate these patterns we performed anatomical dissections of the outflow tract of the frontal sinus in 30 cadaver half heads. We found that the frontal sinus drained anterior to the uncinate process in 23.3% of specimens and posterior to it in 63.3%, while it drained medial to the semilunar hiatus in 6.6%. Our study, however, represents an exclusive assortment of linear and angular measurements of important landmarks around the frontal recess region. Although these measurements were made in embalmed tissue, we believe they will provide reference points in endoscopic sinus surgery.

Endoscopy↗
PubMed1999

Nasal endoscopy and CT study of Pharaonic and Roman mummies.

In ancient Egypt mummifications were first carried out around 3000 BC. The visceral organs (lungs, stomach, liver and bowel) were removed from the body, cleansed, desiccated and placed in four canopic jars. The brain was removed from the body but was not preserved. Exactly how removal of the brain was accomplished is not clear. This study investigated the route of brain removal during mummification. Nasal endoscopy was carried out on 20 Pharaonic and Roman mummies. CT examination was performed on 2 mummy heads. In all mummies a communication between the cranial and nasal cavities was found passing through the posterior ethmoids and cribriform plates. The cranial cavity was empty. Our results demonstrate that brain removal during mummification was performed endonasally by trained personnel with a good knowledge of anatomy, using special instruments capable of creating a clean-cut endonasal craniotomy.

Egypt↗
PubMed1992

The effect of ammonia on the respiratory nasal mucosa of mice. A histological and histochemical study.

The effects of prolonged exposure to ammonia vapour on the histological pattern and enzymatic activity of the respiratory nasal mucosa of 75 adult male mice were investigated and compared with a control group. In the exposed animals, the nasal epithelial cells showed patches of squamous metaplasia, dysplasia, and even malignant changes in the nose of 2 animals. As regards the histochemical changes, the apical border of epithelial cells showed increased succinic dehydrogenase activity denoting increased energy production. The acid phosphatase activity was also higher, and this seemed to be a constant feature in metaplastic and neoplastic transformation. The alkaline phosphatase activity was detected only in the basal parts of epithelial and goblet cells, which was attributed to an increased activity of basal cells to form a thicker basement membrane. The periodic acid Schiff's reaction was weak in the cilia due to their partial degeneration. Prolonged exposure to ammonia interfered with the normal physiological mucociliary action resulting in accumulation of particulate matter initiating or promoting a neoplastic process.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

Cytopathology in cancer of larynx.

The results of brush cytological smears were compared with the microscopical examination of punch biopsies obtained from 60 patients with suspected cancer of the larynx. The bronchofibroscope 'Olympus BF B3' was used to obtain the brush specimens. The results of cytology and pathology specimens were found identical in 93.3% of cases. Comparison between our results and previous similar work is presented.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1988

Flexible endoscopy and radiologic evaluation of the eustachian tube in adults with eustachian tube dysfunction.

This study was conducted on 20 adult patients presenting with eustachian tube dysfunction of about 6 months' duration. It included endoscopy of the pharyngeal end of the eustachian tube and contrast radiologic study. Both methods are now available because of technical progress and practical improvements. By these methods, physiologic movements of the soft palate, tubal torus, and tubal orifice can be observed and studied and anatomic variations and pathologic abnormalities can be detected. This study shows that eustachian tube dysfunction may be caused by salpingitis (acute or chronic) or adenoid or nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Scleroma affecting the lumen of the eustachian tube was reported in one case.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Experimental inoculation of Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis bacilli in albino mice.

72 albino mice were intranasally inoculated with Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis suspension with or without the addition of hog mucin. Scleroma-like lesions developed in their lungs more frequently with hog mucin. A liver affection was detected only in 1 animal. K. rhinoscleromatis organisms were recovered from the lung lesions. A possible potentiating effect of hog mucin is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Aural polypi: a histopathological and histochemical study.

Aural polypi associated with chronic suppurative otitis media have been studied histopathologically and histochemically in 20 patients. The polypi consist of an edematous connective tissue stroma infiltrated by chronic inflammatory cells and numerous blood vessels. The surface is covered by intact stratified squamous epithelium. The histochemical study revealed altered permeability of the blood vessels which seem to be the main pathological background for polyp formation. An enhanced phagocytic activity and increased metabolic activity were found in the epithelium in the chronic inflammatory cells. No glandular activity was found in the polypi.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1981

The epithelium and chronic inflammatory cells in scleroma. (An electron microscopic study).

The ultrastructure of 15 cases or rhinoscleroma have been studied. The epithelium showed intercellular edema, a reaction to the polysaccharide coat of intact bacilli, passing through defects in the basal lamina and subsequently inviting polymorph migration. The transitional stages between normal and 'reactive' plasma cells to the formation of the Russell body and the Unna cell were demonstrated, thus supporting the theory of an intracellular formation of the Russell bodies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Transmission and scanning electron microscopic studies of rhinoscleroma.

Using both types of electron microscope, combined transmission and scanning electron microscopic studies were done on 6 patients with rhinoscleroma. The present work suggests the possibility of two types of organisms causing the disease: one type--being in the majority--was a rod-shaped bacillus measuring about 3 micrometers; the other type was a short, stout bacillus with terminal spiral cilia. The ultrastructure of these bacilli has been described. The advantages and limitations of each type of electron microscopy in the investigation of rhinoscleroma have been discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Electron microscopic study of previously irradiated scleroma.

Nasal biopsies from 2 scleroma patients who had received previous X-ray therapy were investigated under the electron microscope. In the lamina propria, the majority of Mikulicz cells contained numerous small vacuoles. This was attributed to the effect of X-ray therapy causing temporary suppression of the inflammatory process followed by new granuloma formation. The vacuoles of the Mikulicz cells contained some fine granular and fibrillar material of unknown origin. Rounded electron-dense bodies with microprojections on their surface were present near some Mikulicz cells. These structures were considered to be Russell bodies. Occasional small lymph vessels with obstructed lumina were seen. This might indicate the rare spread of Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis bacilli to regional lymph nodes.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Experimental scleroma. A histopathological study.

Klebsilla rhinoscleromatis suspension was experimentally inoculated into the nose and maxillary sinus of eight adult healthy rabbits. Two normal litter-mates served as controls. The animals were killed at varying intervals up to five months following the inoculation. Histopathological examination of the upper and lower respiratory tracts revealed a consistent pulmonary peribronchial and perivascular granulomatous reaction with a Mikulic cell-like appearance. The reaction was present in all the inoculated rabbits and increased in severity as the survival period was prolonged. The significance of these findings in the aetiopathogenesis of scleroma and to scleroma in humans is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Black hairy tongue. A scanning electron microscopic study.

A patient with tongue malignancy associated with a black hairy tongue is presented. Specimens from e area fo the black hairy tongue and from a normally appearing part were studied with the scanning electron microscope. The "hairs" consisted of elongated filiform papillae due to accumulated keratinized layers. In-between these layers, fungi and bacteria were found. The aetiology of the blck hairy tongue in this patient is discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

The effect of an expectorant on the tracheal mucosa. A scanning-electron microscopic study.

The effect of an intravenous expectorant agent, i.e. Bisolvon, on the secretory activity of the tracheal mucosa of the dog was studied with the scanning electron microscope. A marked increase in the production of tracheal secretion was observed 15 and 30 min following the injection. Both the goblet cells in the epithelium and the seromucinous glands in the tunica propria contributed to the formation of the secretion. 60 min after the injection, the submucosal glands were shrunken or empty. The rapid secretory response to the expectorant, Bisolvon, confirmed the active and important role of the tracheal mucociliary clearance mechanism for the protection of the lower respiratory tract.

Animals↗