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Biomedical subjects

H Günay

Publications and source records attributed to H Günay.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Effects of low-concentrated chlorhexidine on growth of Streptococcus sobrinus and primary human gingival fibroblasts.

The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of low concentrations of chlorhexidine (CHX) on the proliferation of Streptococcus sobrinus (ATCC 33478) and primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). Liquid cultures of bacteria or human gingival fibroblasts were exposed to CHX concentrations ranging from 0.07 to 40 microM in microtiter plates at 37 degrees C for 24 h. Bacteria or cells grown without CHX served as controls. The effects of CHX were determined either by measurements of the optical density (OD) of bacterial cultures or by evaluation of cell growth with the DNA-intercalating fluorescent stain H33342 in comparison to untreated controls. Results were evaluated calculating means and standard deviations. Data were statistically analyzed by an ANOVA using Post Hoc tests ( p<0.005). No growth inhibition of S. sobrinus was found at concentrations between 0.07 and 0.15 microM CHX, whereas 0.3 microM CHX led to an elongated (2 h more) lag phase and 0.6 microM CHX induced a lag phase of 4 h more and a minor inclination of the curve in the log phase. Concentrations of CHX>/=1.25 microM completely inhibited growth of S. sobrinus. On the contrary, CHX showed no significant effect on growth of HGF at concentrations </=5 microM. A slight growth inhibition was only observed at a concentration of 5 microM. CHX-concentrations of 10 and 20 microM reduced cell growth to 88 or 75% of control assays. Data analysis showed that overall treatment effects were highly significant ( p<0.005). Our data reveal that chlorhexidine inhibits proliferation of S. sobrinus even at very low concentrations while concentrations of CHX</=5 microM are not cytotoxic to human gingival fibroblasts.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2002

Chemical-biological interactions of NaF with three different cell lines and the caries pathogen Streptococcus sobrinus.

Fluoride is used in dentistry as a prophylactic agent to reduce caries rates due to the demineralization/remineralization effect and its influence on the metabolism of cariogenic bacteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) on three different cell lines and the antibacterial potency on Streptococcus sobrinus. Cell lines were treated with various concentrations of NaF ranging from 0.039 mM to 10 mM for 24 h. For microbial assays, concentrations of NaF between 0.03 mM and 10 mM were added to liquid cultures of bacteria. Our results showed that immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human osteogenic sarcoma cells (SAOS-2) were similarly affected by concentrations up to 2.5 mM. However, cell growth of HaCaT was slightly more inhibited at 2.5 mM of NaF than SAOS-2. At concentrations between 0.62 mM and 10 mM, 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells reacted more sensitively than HaCaT and SAOS-2 to NaF. The 3T3 cells did not survive in the presence of 10 mM NaF. NaF caused no significant effect on all tested cells at concentrations of < or = 0.31 mM. NaF at 0.039 mM and 0.06 mM did not affect growth of S. sobrinus. At concentrations of 0.125 mM and 0.5 mM, growth was slightly reduced. The proliferation of S. sobrinus significantly decreased at 1 mM and 2 mM NaF. S. sobrinus survived at 4 mM, revealing a delayed log phase with a decreased proliferation. No viable S. sobrinus cells were detected at concentrations of > or = 8 mM NaF. Data analysis revealed that overall treatment effects were highly significant (P<0.05, analysis of variance, Tukey's difference test). This study indicates that cytotoxic effects due to NaF significantly vary in dependence upon the applied cell line. The toxicity of NaF approached 50% (TC50) at concentrations of 6 mM for HaCaT, 2.3 mM for 3T3 cells, and 7.5 mM for SAOS-2. Additionally, NaF revealed antimicrobial effects only at concentrations that are significantly higher than oral fluoride concentrations.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed2000

Compatibility of resorbable and nonresorbable guided tissue regeneration membranes in cultures of primary human periodontal ligament fibroblasts and human osteoblast-like cells.

The purpose of this study was (a) to evaluate the cytocompatibility of three resorbable and nonresorbable membranes in fibroblast and osteoblast-like cell cultures and (b) to observe the growth of those cells on the various barriers by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Primary human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLF) and human osteoblast-like cells (SAOS-2) were incubated with nonresorbable polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) barriers and resorbable polylactic acid as well as collagen membranes. Cytotoxic effects were determined by XTT (mitochondrial metabolic activity) and sulforhodamine B assays (cellular protein content). In addition, HPLF and SAOS-2 grown for 21 days on the investigated barriers were evaluated by SEM. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test (P < 0.05). No changes were established in the periodontal ligament fibroblasts and human osteoblast-like cells after incubation with the collagen membrane. Cytotoxic effects, however, were induced by the polylactic acid barrier which slightly inhibited cell metabolism of the periodontal fibroblasts (XTT: 90.1% +/- 3.6 of control value). Moderate cytotoxic reactions were caused by the nonresorbable ePTFE membrane in HPLF-cultures (XTT: 82.7% +/- 3.5) and osteoblast-like cell monolayers (XTT: 80.0% +/- 0.6%). Mitochondrial activity in both cell cultures was significantly reduced by ePTFE barriers in comparison to non-incubated control cells (P = 0.028). SEM analysis of cell behavior on barriers demonstrated the differences between these materials: collagen barriers were densely populated with HPLF and SAOS-2, whereas only few or no cells were seen to adhere to the ePTFE and polylactic acid membranes. Our findings indicate that the collagen barrier investigated is very cytocompatible and may be integrated into connective tissue well. On the contrary, the ePTFE and polylactic acid membranes induced slight to moderate cytotoxic reactions which may reduce cellular adhesion. Thus, gap formation between the barrier surface and the connective tissue may be promoted which may facilitate epithelial downgrowth and microbial accumulation. Consequently, these effects may reduce the potential gain in periodontal attachment.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2000

Placement of the preparation line and periodontal health--a prospective 2-year clinical study.

The aim of this prospective clinical 2-year study was to determine whether the placement of the proximal margins of crowns within the zone of the biologic width results in periodontal alterations. In 41 patients, 116 prepared teeth as well as 82 unrestored, healthy contralateral teeth were examined. The following indices were determined before as well as 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after preparation: hygiene index, papillary bleeding index (PBI), and probing depth. After preparation, the distance between the restoration margins and the alveolar crest was measured with a modified periodontal probe on both proximal aspects of each tooth. These values were classified into 3 groups: I = < or = 1 mm between crown margin and alveolar crest, II = 1 to 2 mm, and III = > 2 mm. In addition, radiographs were taken directly after cementation of each restoration and after 12 and 24 months. The hygiene index did not significantly vary during the investigation, but PBI increased in all groups. The highest PBI increase was found in group I; in this group, the most significant increase was found between 3 and 6 months after preparation. The mean probing depth only increased in group I during the first 3 months after preparation on the mesial aspects. Only minor changes were found on the distal aspects of the teeth in group I and on all aspects in groups II and III. No alterations of the bone levels were diagnosed on the radiographs. These results indicate that the location of the restoration margins within the zone of the biologic width may impair the periodontal health of restored teeth.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Cytocompatibility of periodontal dressing materials in fibroblast and primary human osteoblast-like cultures.

Purpose of this investigation was to determine the cytocompatibility of various periodontal dressing materials by means of human primary gingival fibroblasts (HGF), human osteoblast-like cells (HObl) derived from the alveolar bone, and permanent 3T3 mouse fibroblasts (3T3). Cell culture medium extracts (time periods of extraction: day 1 and between day 2 and day 8 after setting) as well as solid specimens of the following materials were investigated: Coe-pak, Voco pac, Peripac, and Barricaid. Responses of cultures exposed for 24 h and 48 h to these materials were monitored by the fluorescent dyes H33342 and sulforhodamin 101 as well as by light microscopy. It was found that most extracts of Voco pac, Peripac, and Barricaid did not inhibit growth of HGF. Coe-Pak, however, clearly reduced the proliferation of HGF compared to untreated controls. Peripac decreased growth of HObl whereas Coe-Pak, Voco pac, and Barricaid caused no cytotoxic alterations in any of the test assays. Contrary to HGF and HObl, 3T3 cells were much more irritated by the test materials. But the light-curing resinous material Barricaid reduced proliferation of 3T3-fibroblasts only slightly. Our data indicate that Barricaid is exceedingly cytocompatible, whereas all other materials revealed moderate or severe cytotoxic effects according to the cell type.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1998

Nicotine-induced alterations in human primary periodontal ligament and gingiva fibroblast cultures.

Various in vivo and in vitro investigations have indicated that tobacco smoking as well as the use of smokeless tobacco products may be important risk factors for the development and severity of inflammatory periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity of nicotine by means of human primary oral fibroblast cultures and a permanent cell line. The cytotoxicity of nicotine was evaluated by determination of cell growth, cell membrane integrity, protein content, and alterations of the cytoskeleton. Furthermore, recovery following nicotine exposure was assessed by vital staining (trypan blue). Dose-dependent toxic effects of nicotine were measured within a range of 0.48 mM to 62 mM. Growth of fibroblasts was decreased by nicotine concentrations higher than 7.8 mM. Additionally, the protein content was significantly decreased and cell membranes were damaged. Morphological alterations of microtubules and vimentin filaments were observed at concentrations higher than 3.9 mM. Nicotine-exposed cells revealed atypical shapes and vacuoles. The toxic effects of nicotine became irreversible in the range between 10.5 and 15.5 mM, whereas at lower concentrations cells recovered after the withdrawal of nicotine. Our results confirm clinical oberservations regarding the important role of nicotine as a risk factor in the etiology and progression of periodontal disease.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1998

Effect on caries experience of a long-term preventive program for mothers and children starting during pregnancy.

The aim of this three-phase prospective study was to determine the effects of a primary-primary prevention program on the oral health of children. Eighty-six pregnant women from various social backgrounds participated in the first phase of this study. In the second phase (at 3 years of age) 54 of the mother-child couples and in the third phase (at 4 years of age) 47 of the mother-child couples remained. Participants were recalled every 6 months and received individual prophylactic care. The following clinical parameters were assessed at each examination period for mother and child: DMF-S or dmf-s, proximal plaque index, and the salivary level of Streptococcus mutans (Dentocult SM). The control group consisted of 65 (at 3 years of age) and 45 (at 4 years of age) children from various kindergartens. All children in the second phase of the study group revealed a naturally healthy dentition with an API of 0-25% and a salivary S. mutans score of 0 (0-10(3) cfu/ml). In the third phase, only four of the 47 children of the study group showed caries, with a mean dmf-s of 1.5. No S. mutans could be detected in 20 (42.6%) children. Ten (21.3%) children of the study group showed a S. mutans score of > or = 2 (> 10(5) cfu/ml). In contrast, only 53 of the 65 children of the control group (second phase) and 26 of the 45 control children (third phase) revealed a naturally healthy dentition. The remaining 19 children of the control group revealed a mean dmf-s of 7.0 at 4 years of age. In the control group, no S. mutans could be detected in 25 (38.5%) children at 3 years of age whereas 21 (32.3%) children showed a S. mutans score of > or = 2. In the third phase, a salivary S. mutans score of > or = 2 was found in 27 (60%) children of the control group. The statistical comparison between the study and the control groups revealed significant differences for all results determined (P < 0.001). Additionally, all mothers revealed a significant improvement in oral health and a reduction of salivary S. mutans colonization. From our data we conclude that a pre- and postnatal prevention program (primary-primary vs primary prevention) may significantly improve the oral health of mother and child.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The need for cooperation between the gynecologist and dentist in pregnancy. A study of dental health education in pregnancy].

The causes of tooth and gum disorders during pregnancy and possible prevention measures are discussed. The evaluation of a nation-wide survey comprising 700 pregnant women reflects the women's respective scope of knowledge in respect of mouth and tooth hygiene, 357 of the 700 women included in the investigation had no dental treatment in the course of their pregnancy. 57.7% showed incidence of gingivitis during gestation. 70.9% were not instructed regarding mouth and tooth hygiene in the respective period and 81.7% did not receive any written material on this topic. 41.3% of the respondents did not seek information on matters of mouth and tooth hygiene and 44.3% stated that they felt that their knowledge in these matters was sufficient. When questioned about the causes of the bad state of their teeth, 28.4% stated an actual cause (insufficient tooth hygiene, excessive sugar consumption). 262 (37.4%) suffered from morning sickness, 45% of these women (n = 118) stating that they subsequently brushed their teeth. 45.6% used their toothbrush for a period of six months and 67.9% had no knowledge of fluoride treatment. These findings high-light the need for more information for the prevention of tooth decay and more information on mouth and tooth hygiene during pregnancy. It is suggested to supplement pregnancy guidelines by including two visits to the dentist as an integral part of antenatal checkups.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Psychological aspects of post-implant patients].

The purpose of this study was to compare the expectations and emotions of patients after dental implant treatment with the clinical peri-implant findings. 96 patients treated with Brånemark implants and fixed-removable dentures in the edentulous lower jaw were interviewed in retrospective regarding their preoperative attitudes and their postoperative assessments and were examined clinically. The data of 73 patients (76%) were evaluated. While the clinical periimplant findings were comparable, the majority of these patients were satisfied with this form of oral rehabilitation. Apart from improved oral function, 90% of these patients reported a decrease in psycho-social problems. 88% of the patients felt more secure and reported a higher self-esteem. In contrast to the previous denture, the implant-anchored fixed complete prostheses were perceived rather as an own "organ" by 88% of the patients. 93% would not hesitate undergoing this procedure again, if necessary.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1991

[Periimplant alterations under cyclosporin A drug treatment].

One titanium implant of the Brånemark system and one Al2O2 ceramic implant each were inserted in the lower jaws of 6 Beagle dogs to evaluate the alterations of the periimplant tissues under CsA therapy. During the 3-6 months of CsA substitution hyperplastic alterations were observed as soon as after the 3rd week. These anomalies were most pronounced around the titanium implants.

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMed1991

[Root caries incidence with regular use of AmF/SnF2 mouth rinse].

The caries protective effect of an AmF/SnF2 mouth rinse solution on exposed root surfaces was examined in 49 patients who had undergone periodontal surgery. The experimental group (EG, 19 patient) rinsed 1x/d using the F- rinse solution. The control group (KG) consisted of 30 patients. The trial was carried out over a period of 16 months. In addition to a complete periodontal status the root caries index (RCI) was recorded. Although the baseline values were comparable in both groups, there was a lower incidence of root caries in the EG at the end of the clinical trial. This clinical study shows that there is a lower root surface caries incidence after long-term application of the AmF/SnF2 rinse solution.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Indices for the clinical evaluation of drug gingival hyperplasia using the example of cyclosporin A].

The gingiva and the dental health situation of patients after an organ transplantation are determined within the regular dental examination. The findings are recorded by different indices, which are summarized as CsA-indices, on a special data collection sheet. They indicate the gravity of the hyperplasia, the inflammation degree based on the color of the tissue, the tonus and the bleeding of the gingiva as well as plaque and calculus and therefore renders possible the dental supervision and the comparison of the gingival situations during a long recall period. Additionally, situation casts, photos from different visual angles and a full month radiograph are required. This systematic recording of the findings facilitates a therapy and follow-up treatment, which are adapted to each individual situation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Position of health education knowledge concerning pregnancy].

In order to determine the level of oral hygiene education during pregnancy, 700 questionnaires from 39 hospitals were evaluated. Of the tested persons, 51% had failed to have any dental examination during their pregnancy, although approximately 65% suffered from bleeding, swelling and inflammation of the gingiva. In total 71% received no information regarding oral hygiene during pregnancy. Oral hygiene education during pregnancy either is not provided or at best inadequately available.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Treatment-effect on cyclosporin A-induced gingival hyperplasia in patients with organ transplantation: a longitudinal study].

In the present study a newly developed concept for avoiding recurrences after the periodontal surgical treatment of cyclosporin A-induced gingival hyperplasia is described. Conventional gingivectomy results in restitutio per secundam, which promotes recurrences. To avoid this we tried to achieve a restitutio per primam by using a modified surgical technique. Ten patients, four treated under general anesthesia and six on an outpatient basis, were treated with this technique. Patients were monitored for 20 month. Pre- and postoperative care was performed in a standardized manner for all patients. During the surveillance, a long-term suppression of the cyclosporin-induced gingival hyperplasia could be found, but it was not possible to avoid recurrences totally.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Cyclosporin A-induced gingival hyperplasias: cross-sectional study of young organ transplantation patients].

In this study 137 patients (30 adolescence, 2-21 years, 107 adults, 22-68 years), which had been treated with Cyclosporine-A, between 17 to 2461 days after organ transplantation, were examinated by gingival status. The severity of gingival hyperplasia increases in both groups with mean transplantations period, independent of mean daily doses of CsA and Azathioprin and independent of mean plasma concentration. Adolescence and adults differ significantly, in relation of each severity group frequency. The adolescence group includes 66.7% of the cases with gingival enlargement of severity degree 3. In both groups increases the mean value of PGI-Index with the severity degree.

Adolescent↗